二维扩散方程的局部二阶线性保极值节点计算方法及应用

对一般四边形网格设计一种优化的节点控制体, 并构造了一种扩散方程的保极值二阶收敛的局部线性节点计算格式(优化控制体节点格式, VOC格式)。在网格不出现异常节点的情况下, 证明VOC格式是保极值、线性精确和二阶收敛的。而且在均匀的矩形网格上, 修正的逆距离加权格式与VOC格式等价, 从而对间断系数问题也是局部二阶收敛的。VOC格式可以用于单元中心型线性扩散格式和保正格式的节点值计算。数值算例表明对扭曲网格上的间断系数问题, VOC格式是二阶收敛的。采用VOC格式计算节点值的线性九点格式具有线性精确性和二阶收敛性, 采用VOC格式的保正格式也具有二阶收敛性。     

A cell-centered Lagrangian hydrodynamics scheme on general unstructured meshes in arbitrary dimension

We describe a cell-centered Godunov scheme for Lagrangian gas dynamics on general unstructured meshes in arbitrary dimension. The construction of the scheme is based upon the definition of some geometric vectors which are defined on a moving mesh. The finite volume solver is node based and compatible with the mesh displacement. We also discuss boundary conditions. Numerical results on basic 3D tests problems show the efficiency of this approach. We also consider a quasi-incompressible test problem for which our nodal solver gives very good results if compared with other Godunov solvers. We briefly discuss the compatibility with ALE and/or AMR techniques at the end of this work. We detail the coefficients of the isoparametric element in the appendix.     

An improved monotone finite volume scheme for diffusion equation on polygonal meshes

We construct a new nonlinear monotone finite volume scheme for diffusion equation on polygonal meshes. The new scheme uses the cell-edge unknowns instead of cell-vertex unknowns as the auxiliary unknowns in order to improve the accuracy of monotone scheme. Our scheme is locally conservative and has only cell-centered unknowns. Numerical results are presented to show how our scheme works for preserving positivity on various distorted meshes. Specially, numerical results show that the new scheme is robust, and more accurate than the existing monotone scheme on some kinds of meshes.     

The finite volume scheme preserving extremum principle for diffusion equations on polygonal meshes

We construct a new nonlinear finite volume scheme for diffusion equation on polygonal meshes and prove that the scheme satisfies the discrete extremum principle. Our scheme is locally conservative and has only cell-centered unknowns. Numerical results are presented to show how our scheme works for preserving discrete extremum principle and positivity on various distorted meshes.     

An efficient and accurate reconstruction algorithm for the formulation of cell-centered diffusion schemes

A new reconstruction algorithm is proposed for constructing cell-centered diffusion schemes on distorted meshes. Its main feature is that edge unknowns are defined at certain balance points, the locations of which depend on the diffusion coefficient and the skewness of grid cells, so as to obtain a two-point reconstruction stencil. Implementing the new algorithm for the approximation of gradients, we extend the IDC (improved deferred correction) scheme, which was proposed by Traoré et al. [P. Traoré, Y. Ahipo, C. Louste, A robust and efficient finite volume scheme for the discretization of diffusive flux on extremely skewed meshes in complex geometries, J. Comput. Phys. 228 (2009) 5148–5159], to handle diffusion problems with discontinuous coefficients. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the extended scheme.     

Locally implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for time domain electromagnetics

In the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) methods for the solution of the unsteady Maxwell equations modeling electromagnetic wave propagation. One of the main features of DGTD methods is their ability to deal with unstructured meshes which are particularly well suited to the discretization of the geometrical details and heterogeneous media that characterize realistic propagation problems. Such DGTD methods most often rely on explicit time integration schemes and lead to block diagonal mass matrices. However, explicit DGTD methods are also constrained by a stability condition that can be very restrictive on highly refined meshes and when the local approximation relies on high order polynomial interpolation. An implicit time integration scheme is a natural way to obtain a time domain method which is unconditionally stable but at the expense of the inversion of a global linear system at each time step. A more viable approach consists of applying an implicit time integration scheme locally in the refined regions of the mesh while preserving an explicit time scheme in the complementary part, resulting in an hybrid explicit–implicit (or locally implicit) time integration strategy. In this paper, we report on our recent efforts towards the development of such a hybrid explicit–implicit DGTD method for solving the time domain Maxwell equations on unstructured simplicial meshes. Numerical experiments for 3D propagation problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous media illustrate the possibilities of the method for simulations involving locally refined meshes.     

反应流体的移动网格动理学格式

在移动网格上构造一种反应流的动理学格式.首先利用BGK模型推导含化学反应的流体力学方程组,并利用其积分形式构造移动网格上离散格式,再利用自适应移动网格方法得到网格速度,最后利用时间精确的动理学数值方法构造数值通量,得到移动网格单元上新的物理量.一维与二维的数值实验表明这种格式同时具有高精度、高分辨率的特点.     

Interpolation-free monotone finite volume method for diffusion equations on polygonal meshes

We developed a new monotone finite volume method for diffusion equations. The second-order linear methods, such as the multipoint flux approximation, mixed finite element and mimetic finite difference methods, are not monotone on strongly anisotropic meshes or for diffusion problems with strongly anisotropic coefficients. The finite volume (FV) method with linear two-point flux approximation is monotone but not even first-order accurate in these cases. The developed monotone method is based on a nonlinear two-point flux approximation. It does not require any interpolation scheme and thus differs from other nonlinear finite volume methods based on a two-point flux approximation. The second-order convergence rate is verified with numerical experiments.     

基于Voronoi网格的扩散方程差分格式

在Voronoi网格上利用一种基于回路积分法的有限体积法构造扩散方程的的差分格式.在这种特殊的网格上离散扩散方程比通常在四边形网格上离散的格式要简单,不会引进角点未知量,提高了对网格边上的流的离散精度,及差分格式整体精度.这种Voronoi网格上的扩散计算也可以与单元中心流体力学计算耦合.数值算例表明这种格式比四边形网格上的格式精度高,且能更好的应对网格扭曲情形.     

大长宽比扭曲网格上辅助网格差分方法

讨论抛物型方程的离散差分格式的构造,对九点差分格式进行了适用范围的讨论,并在此基础上提出辅助网格差分方法,用于处理因网格长宽比大且扭曲较大的网格引起的计算精度与计算效率降低的问题,该方法从守恒方程出发,将九点差分格式应用于按某种合适的方式进行重分之后的网格上,减少由于网格正则性差以及网格节点上的物理量采用周围网格量的加权平均等原因所引起的计算误差,得到一个新的但其解仍然逼近原来网格上的物理量的方程组.所构造的方法便于实施,且更适合于对实际物理模型的模拟,能比较好地适应流体大变形导致的网格扭曲,数值试验表明它有较好的数值精度和稳定性.     

辐射流体力学的分子动理学自适应加密方法(英文)

通过构造新的平衡分布函数和结合分区自适应网格加密方法,对不带扩散项的平衡辐射流体力学方程,构造二阶的分子动理学BGK-AMR格式.一方面在关心的计算区域中局部加密计算网格,提高计算精度的同时大大节省了计算网格数量和计算时间;另一方面,不同于已有的参数强耦合平衡分布函数,新构造的平衡分布函数中各参数不相互依赖,简化了辐射流体力学分子动理学格式的计算.一维和二维的数值算例显示了格式的性能.     

各向异性扩散问题Kershaw格式的守恒保正修复算法

针对各向异性扩散方程Kershaw格式的数值解在正交网格及扭曲网格上计算出负的现象,给出一种守恒的保正修复算法（CENZ）,该算法对简单遇负置零（ENZ）方法进行改进,使修复后的数值解不仅具有非负性,而且保持法向通量的局部守恒性.数值算例表明,该方法不受计算网格类型和扩散系数各向异性比的限制,可用于对任意违背单调性（或保正性）的有限体积格式数值解的修复.     

适应强扭曲网格的扩散方程时空二阶精度计算

以全局支撑算子方法为基础,通过引入面通量,构造了具有局部模板点的时空二阶精度格式。对于大变形扭曲网格,格式采用法向修正技术和合理的单元角体积计算方法,可以保持通量的精确性。算例表明该格式在非凸网格上能够精确获得线性解; 在非光滑网格上可以达到时空二阶精度; 能够较好地保持对称性; 并适合于三维非结构网格上的求解。     

Finite element analysis of quasistatic crack propagation in brittle media with voids or inclusions

A three-level finite element scheme is proposed for simulation of crack propagation in heterogeneous media including randomly distributed voids or inclusions. To reduce total degrees of freedom in the view of mesh gradation, the entire domain is categorized into three regions of different-level meshes: a region of coarse-level mesh, a region of intermediate-level mesh, and a region of fine-level mesh. The region of coarse-level mesh is chosen to be far from the crack to treat the material inhomogeneities in the sense of coarse-graining through homogenization, while the region near the crack is composed of the intermediate-level mesh to model the presence of inhomogeneities in detail. Furthermore, the region very near the crack tip is refined into the fine-level mesh to capture a steep gradient of elastic field due to the crack tip singularity. Variable-node finite elements are employed to satisfy the nodal connectivity and compatibility between the neighboring different-level meshes. Local remeshing is needed for readjustment of mesh near the crack tip in accordance with crack growth, and this is automatically made according to preset values of parameters determining the propagation step size of crack, and so the entire process is fully automatic. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through several numerical examples. Meanwhile, the effect of voids and inclusions on the crack propagation is discussed in terms of T-stresses, with the aid of three-level adaptive scheme.     

Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite-element method for computation of two-phase flows with soluble surfactants

A finite-element scheme based on a coupled arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian and Lagrangian approach is developed for the computation of interface flows with soluble surfactants. The numerical scheme is designed to solve the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations and an evolution equation for the surfactant concentration in the bulk phase, and simultaneously, an evolution equation for the surfactant concentration on the interface. Second-order isoparametric finite elements on moving meshes and second-order isoparametric surface finite elements are used to solve these equations. The interface-resolved moving meshes allow the accurate incorporation of surface forces, Marangoni forces and jumps in the material parameters. The lower-dimensional finite-element meshes for solving the surface evolution equation are part of the interface-resolved moving meshes. The numerical scheme is validated for problems with known analytical solutions. A number of computations to study the influence of the surfactants in 3D-axisymmetric rising bubbles have been performed. The proposed scheme shows excellent conservation of fluid mass and of the total mass of the surfactant.     

振动NACA0012翼型的移动网格数值模拟

利用流体力学方程的积分形式给出非结构移动网格上离散格式,利用自适应移动网格方法移动网格,进而得到网格速度.对振动Naca0012翼型问题,分三种类型确定网格速度,再结合Riemann问题的解法器构造数值通量,得到移动网格单元上新的物理量.数值实验表明这种格式同时具有高效、高分辨率的特点.     

基于非结构四边形网格的WENO格式

基于非结构四边形网格发展求解双曲守恒律的三阶加权基本无振荡（WENO）格式.针对任意非结构四边形网格选取重构模板，并给出基于线性多项式的三阶线性重构.但对于一般的非结构四边形网格，会出现非常大的线性权和负权，使得非线性重构的WENO格式对光滑问题也不稳定.本文给出一个处理非常大的线性权的优化重构方法，对优化后得到的负线性权采用分裂方法进行处理.对于非线性权，提出一种考虑局部网格和物理量间断的新光滑度量因子.采用优化重构方法和新的非线性权，当前的三阶WENO格式在质量很差的网格上也具有很好的稳定性.理论的三阶精度在数值精度测试算例中得到验证，同时一范数和无穷范数的误差绝对值不依赖于网格质量；具有强间断的数值结果证明了当前格式的有效性.     

Analysis of the monotonicity conditions in the mimetic finite difference method for elliptic problems

The maximum principle is one of the most important properties of solutions of partial differential equations. Its numerical analog, the discrete maximum principle (DMP), is one of the most difficult properties to achieve in numerical methods, especially when the computational mesh is distorted to adapt and conform to the physical domain or the problem coefficients are highly heterogeneous and anisotropic. Violation of the DMP may lead to numerical instabilities such as oscillations and to unphysical solutions such as heat flow from a cold material to a hot one. In this work, we investigate sufficient conditions to ensure the monotonicity of the mimetic finite difference (MFD) method on two- and three-dimensional meshes. These conditions result in a set of general inequalities for the elements of the mass matrix of every mesh element. Efficient solutions are devised for meshes consisting of simplexes, parallelograms and parallelepipeds, and orthogonal locally refined elements as those used in the AMR methodology. On simplicial meshes, it turns out that the MFD method coincides with the mixed-hybrid finite element methods based on the low-order Raviart–Thomas vector space. Thus, in this case we recover the well-established conventional angle conditions of such approximations. Instead, in the other cases a suitable design of the MFD method allows us to formulate a monotone discretization for which the existence of a DMP can be theoretically proved. Moreover, on meshes of parallelograms we establish a connection with a similar monotonicity condition proposed for the Multi-Point Flux Approximation (MPFA) methods. Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the considered monotonicity conditions.     

Enriched multi-point flux approximation for general grids

It is well known that the two-point flux approximation, a numerical scheme used in most commercial reservoir simulators, has O(1) error when grids are not K-orthogonal. In the last decade, the multi-point flux approximations have been developed as a remedy. However, non-physical oscillations can appear when the anisotropy is really strong. We found out the oscillations are closely related to the poor approximation of pressure gradient in the flux computation.In this paper, we propose the control volume enriched multi-point flux approximation (EMPFA) for general diffusion problems on polygonal and polyhedral meshes. Non-physical oscillations are not observed for realistic and strongly anisotropic heterogeneous material properties described by a full tensor. Exact linear solutions are recovered for grids with non-planar interfaces, and a first and second order convergence are achieved for the flux and scalar unknowns, respectively.     

多流管网格上九点格式的节点插值方法

多流管方法是二维多介质辐射流体力学数值模拟中一类常用的求解方法,它采用Lagrange-Euler混合型四边形网格,称为多流管网格。通常其网格品质高于一般的四边形网格。在这类网格上,可以利用网格特性对九点扩散格式中的节点插值方法进行改进。本文利用调和平均点和梯度离散构造的方法提出几种节点插值方法。并给出数值实验,说明现有应用程序中的节点插值方法损失精度,而新的节点插值方法能够使得九点格式在多流管网格上具有二阶精度。