Compact groups and fixed point sets

Some structure theorems for compact abelian groups are derived and used to show that every closed subset of an infinite compact metrizable group is the fixed point set of an autohomeomorphism. It is also shown that any metrizable product containing a positive-dimensional compact group as a factor has the property that every closed subset is the fixed point set of an autohomeomorphism.

     

Nonnegatively curved fixed point homogeneous 5-manifolds

Let G be a compact Lie group acting effectively by isometries on a compact Riemannian manifold M with nonempty fixed point set Fix(M, G). We say that the action is fixed point homogeneous if G acts transitively on a normal sphere to some component of Fix(M, G), equivalently, if Fix(M, G) has codimension one in the orbit space of the action. We classify up to diffeomorphism closed, simply connected 5-manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature and an effective fixed point homogeneous isometric action of a compact Lie group.     

Fixed point sets of homeomorphisms of compact surfaces

Every closed and non-empty subset of a compact surfaceS can be the fixed point set of a homeomorphism, andS also admits fixed point free homeomorphisms if it does not have the fixed point property. A partial extension to higher dimensions states that every closed and non-empty subset of a compactn-manifold can be the fixed point set of a surjective self-map. This research was partially supported by the National Research Council of Canada (Grant A 7579).     

The Socle and finite dimensionality of some Banach algebras

The purpose of this note is to describe some algebraic conditions on a Banach algebra which force it to be finite dimensional. One of the main results in Theorem 2 which states that for a locally compact groupG, G is compact if there exists a measure μ in Soc(L ¹(G)) such that μ(G) ≠ 0. We also prove thatG is finite if Soc(M(G)) is closed and every nonzero left ideal inM(G) contains a minimal left ideal.     

Truncated Lie groups and almost Klein models

We consider a real analytic dynamical system G×M→M with nonempty fixed point subset M ^G . Using symmetries of G×M→M, we give some conditions which imply the existence of transitive Lie transformation group with G as isotropy subgroup.     

Covering a Polish group by translates of a nowhere dense set

We show that, for every nonlocally compact Polish group G with a left-invariant complete metric ρ, we have covG=cov(M). Here, covG is the minimal number of translates of a fixed closed nowhere dense subset of G, which is needed to cover G, and cov(M) is the minimal cardinality of a cover of the real line R by meagre sets.     

The structure of abelian pro-Lie groups

A pro-Lie group is a projective limit of a projective system of finite dimensional Lie groups. A prodiscrete group is a complete abelian topological group in which the open normal subgroups form a basis of the filter of identity neighborhoods. It is shown here that an abelian pro-Lie group is a product of (in general infinitely many) copies of the additive topological group of reals and of an abelian pro-Lie group of a special type; this last factor has a compact connected component, and a characteristic closed subgroup which is a union of all compact subgroups; the factor group modulo this subgroup is pro-discrete and free of nonsingleton compact subgroups. Accordingly, a connected abelian pro-Lie group is a product of a family of copies of the reals and a compact connected abelian group. A topological group is called compactly generated if it is algebraically generated by a compact subset, and a group is called almost connected if the factor group modulo its identity component is compact. It is further shown that a compactly generated abelian pro-Lie group has a characteristic almost connected locally compact subgroup which is a product of a finite number of copies of the reals and a compact abelian group such that the factor group modulo this characteristic subgroup is a compactly generated prodiscrete group without nontrivial compact subgroups.Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 22B, 22E     

Spaces in Which Countable Closed Sets Have Countable Character

It is proved that in a T ₃ space countable closed sets have countable character if and only if the set of limit point of the space is a countable compact set and every compact set is of countable character. Also, it is shown that spaces where countable sets have countable character are WN-spaces and are very close to M-spaces. Finally, some questions of Dai and Lia are discussed and some questions are proposed.     

Quasi‐convexly dense and suitable sets in the arc component of a compact group

Let G be an abelian topological group. The symbol $\widehat{G}Let G be an abelian topological group. The symbol $\widehat{G}$ denotes the group of all continuous characters $\chi :G\rightarrow {\mathbb T}$ endowed with the compact open topology. A subset E of G is said to be qc‐dense in G provided that χ(E)?φ([? 1/4, 1/4]) holds only for the trivial character $\chi \in \widehat{G}$, where $\varphi : {\mathbb R}\rightarrow {\mathbb T}={\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z}$ is the canonical homomorphism. A super‐sequence is a non‐empty compact Hausdorff space S with at most one non‐isolated point (to which S converges). We prove that an infinite compact abelian group G is connected if and only if its arc component G_a contains a super‐sequence converging to 0 that is qc‐dense in G. This gives as a corollary a recent theorem of Außenhofer: For a connected locally compact abelian group G, the restriction homomorphism $r:\widehat{G}\rightarrow \widehat{G}_a$ defined by $r(\chi )=\chi \upharpoonright _{G_a}$ for $\chi \in \widehat{G}$, is a topological isomorphism. We show that an infinite compact group G is connected if and only if its arc component G_a contains a super‐sequence converging to the identity that is qc‐dense in G and generates a dense subgroup of G. We also offer a short alternative proof of the result of Hofmann and Morris on the existence of suitable sets of minimal size in the arc component of a compact connected group.     

Mapping Class Groups of Hyperbolic Surfaces and Automorphism Groups of Graphs

Let M be a hyperbolic surface and (M) its extended mapping class group. We show that (M) is isomorphic to the automorphism group of the following graph G(M). The set of vertices of G(M) is the set S(M) of nonseparating simple closed geodesics of M. Two vertices u and v of S(M) are related by an edge if u and v intersect exactly once in M. The graph G(M) can be thought of as a combinatorial model for M.     

A note on stable sets,groups, and theories with NIP

Let M be an arbitrary structure. Then we say that an M ‐formula φ (x) defines a stable set in M if every formula φ (x) ∧ α (x, y) is stable. We prove: If G is an M ‐definable group and every definable stable subset of G has U ‐rank at most n (the same n for all sets), then G has a maximal connected stable normal subgroup H such that G /H is purely unstable. The assumptions hold for example if M is interpretable in an o‐minimal structure. More generally, an M ‐definable set X is weakly stable if the M ‐induced structure on X is stable. We observe that, by results of Shelah, every weakly stable set in theories with NIP is stable. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Two Commuting Involutions Fixing F n ∪ F n-1

Consider G=Z ₂² as the group generated by two commuting involutions, and let be a smooth G-action on a smooth and closed manifold M. Suppose that the fixed point set of Φ consists of two connected components, F ⁿ and F ^n-1, with dimensions n and n−1, respectively. In this paper we prove that, if in the fixed data of Φ at least two eigenbundles over F ⁿ have dimension greater than n, and at least one eigenbundle over F ^n-1 has dimension greater than n−1, then the action (M,Φ) bounds equivariantly.It is well known that, if is a smooth involution on a smooth and closed m-dimensional manifold M ^m such that the fixed point set of T has constant dimension n, and if m > 2n, then (M ^m ,T) bounds equivariantly; this fact was proved by R. E. Stong and C. Kosniowski 27 years ago. As a consequence of our result, we will see that the same fact is true when, besides n-dimensional components, the fixed point set contains additional (n−1)-dimensional components.     

Compact Clifford–Klein Forms of Homogeneous Spaces of SO(2, n)

A homogeneous space G/H is said to have a compact Clifford–Klein form if there exists a discrete subgroup of G that acts properly discontinuously on G/H, such that the quotient space \G/H is compact. When n is even, we find every closed, connected subgroup H of G = SO(2, n), such that G/H has a compact Clifford–Klein form, but our classification is not quite complete when n is odd. The work reveals new examples of homogeneous spaces of SO(2, n) that have compact Clifford–Klein forms, if n is even. Furthermore, we show that if H is a closed, connected subgroup of G = SL(3, R), and neither H nor G/H is compact, then G/H does not have a compact Clifford–Klein form, and we also study noncompact Clifford–Klein forms of finite volume.     

Characterisations of Chebyshev sets in c0

A subset MX of a normed linear space X is a Chebyshev set if, for every xX, the set of all nearest points from M to x is a singleton. We obtain a geometrical characterisation of approximatively compact Chebyshev sets in c₀. Also, given an approximatively compact Chebyshev set M in c₀ and a coordinate affine subspace Hc₀ of finite codimension, if M∩H≠, then M∩H is a Chebyshev set in H, where the norm on H is induced from c₀.     

Weighted L p -algebras on groups

The space L _p (G), 1 > p < ∞, on a locally compact group G is known to be closed under convolution only if G is compact. However, the weighted spaces L _p (G, w) are Banach algebras with respect to convolution and natural norm under certain conditions on the weight. In the present paper, sufficient conditions for a weight defining a convolution algebra are stated in general form. These conditions are well known in some special cases. The spectrum (the maximal ideal space) of the algebra L _p (G,w) on an Abelian group G is described. It is shown that all algebras of this type are semisimple.     

Strong Reflexivity of Abelian Groups

A reflexive topological group G is called strongly reflexive if each closed subgroup and each Hausdorff quotient of the group G and of its dual group is reflexive. In this paper we establish an adequate concept of strong reflexivity for convergence groups. We prove that complete metrizable nuclear groups and products of countably many locally compact topological groups are BB-strongly reflexive.     

Rigid geometric structures,isometric actions,and algebraic quotients

By using a Borel density theorem for algebraic quotients, we prove a theorem concerning isometric actions of a Lie group G on a smooth or analytic manifold M with a rigid A-structure σ. It generalizes Gromov’s centralizer and representation theorems to the case where R(G) is split solvable and G/R(G) has no compact factors, strengthens a special case of Gromov’s open dense orbit theorem, and implies that for smooth M and simple G, if Gromov’s representation theorem does not hold, then the local Killing fields on [(M)\tilde]{\widetilde{M}} are highly non-extendable. As applications of the generalized centralizer and representation theorems, we prove (1) a structural property of Iso(M) for simply connected compact analytic M with unimodular σ, (2) three results illustrating the phenomenon that if G is split solvable and large then π ₁(M) is also large, and (3) two fixed point theorems for split solvable G and compact analytic M with non-unimodular σ.     

Actions of totally disconnected groups and equivariant singular homology

We study equivariant singular homology in the case of actions of totally disconnected locally compact groups on topological spaces. Theorem A says that if G is a totally disconnected locally compact group and X is a G-space, then any short exact sequence of covariant coefficient systems for G induces a long exact sequence of corresponding equivariant singular homology groups of the G-space X. In particular we consider the case where G is a totally disconnected compact group, i.e., a profinite group, and G acts freely on X. Of special interest is the case where G is a p-adic group, p a prime. The conjecture that no p-adic group, p a prime, can act effectively on a connected topological manifold, is namely known to be equivalent to the famous Hilbert-Smith conjecture. The Hilbert-Smith conjecture is the statement that, if a locally compact group G acts effectively on a connected topological manifold M, then G is a Lie group.     

On Orbits of Automorphism Groups

If G is a finite group and if A is a group of automorphisms of G whose fixed point subgroup is C _G (A) then every subgroup F of C _G (A) acts on the set of orbits of A in G. The peculiarities of this action are used here to derive several results on the number of orbits of A in an economical manner.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 Deaconescu M. and Walls G. L.__________Translated from Sibirskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 533–537, May–June, 2005.