围套加固石砌体小偏心受压构件正截面承载力的计算

针对围套加固石砌体小偏心受压构件加固后的正截面承载力计算问题,通过模型实验研究和理论推导分析,得出综合考虑加固结构不同组成材料的力学参数、二次受力特征及截面应力-应变非线性关系多种影响因素的计算方法,并通过对试件的计算,验证了此方法的可靠性。通过计算分析,本文得出试件初始应力水平对组合加固构件正截面承载力的影响曲线。曲线表明当初始应力水平指标β0.7时,正截面承载力有所增长,但增长幅度不超过5%,所以可以按照一次性受力进行承载力的计算;而当β0.7时,应力水平对承载力的影响不可忽略。随着应力水平的增长,承载力不断下降,所以在实际工程中对初应力水平较高的加固构件应进行卸载。     

定围压比作用下混凝土轴向受压性能试验研究

通过对混凝土施加围压,使单轴受压混凝土的裂缝发展受到限制,从而研究混凝土在接近无裂纹发展状态(无损伤产生的理想状态)下的受压性能。本文在MTS815.02岩石电液伺服系统上完成了三轴应力比σ1∶σ2∶σ3=(-α)∶(-α)∶(-1)(α=0.15,0.18,0.19,0.20,0.22)作用下的混凝土单调、循环加卸载受压的常规三轴试验。研究了不同围压比对混凝土受压应力-应变关系的影响规律,以及围压对混凝土裂缝发展的限制作用,得出了一些与同类试验不同的结果,混凝土理想无损伤发展状态的受压应力-应变关系曲线被提出,并通过试验首次研究了理想无损伤发展状态下的混凝土循环加卸载的应力-应变关系,系统地分析了围压对混凝土受压性能的影响规律。     

考虑围压效应的冻结砂土动态本构模型研究

为描述主动围压作用下冻结砂土的动态力学特性,通过在朱-王-唐模型的非线性体上串联塑性体,建立了能够考虑围压效应的冻结砂土动态损伤本构模型;分析了损伤参数对应力-应变曲线特征、屈服点、峰值应力和峰值应变的影响规律,基于冻结砂土动力学试验数据确定了模型参数;通过将模型和试验数据进行对比,并对不同试验条件下模型的预测误差进行分析,验证了模型的适用性和准确性。结果表明,损伤参数对应力-应变曲线弹性阶段和屈服点无明显影响,而对塑性阶段和破坏阶段的影响较为显著,本构模型预测的应力-应变曲线与试验结果具有较好的一致性。模型能够预测围压引起冻结砂土塑性阶段占比大和屈服点明显的特征,且能够描述围压对冻结砂土动态强度的增强效应;不同负温和主动围压条件下,模型对峰值应力和屈服强度的预测效果优于峰值应变和屈服应变。     

震后建筑再生混凝土及其钢管短柱受压性能研究

为了研究震后建筑废弃物再生混凝土及其钢管柱的基本物理和力学性能,以设计强度为C30的废弃混凝土为再生粗骨料,分析了5种再生骨料取代率(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)对再生混凝土材料的抗压强度和劈裂强度的影响,以及对钢管再生混凝土的失效模式、承载力、变形、应变关系的影响;给出了钢管再生混凝土柱力学性能随取代率变化的关键值,建立了再生混凝土的应力-应变关系。结果表明:随着再生骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土的受压性能和抗拉强度逐渐降低,钢管试件的承载力水平逐渐降低,但其破坏失效模式和变形曲线与普通钢管混凝土无显著差别。根据钢管和再生混凝土的应力-应变关系计算了钢管再生混凝土柱的极限承载力,所得计算结果与试验结果符合较好,其误差约为10%,符合工程计算要求。     

钢筋混凝土联肢剪力墙的非线性有限元分析

本文推导了一种带转动自由度的四节点狭长矩形墙板单元与一种分层高精度二节点厚梁单元,二者的组合既合理地描述了联肢剪力墙墙体与连梁的连续性,又具有计算精度高,计算量少的特点。为分析钢筋混凝土的非线性,本文采用应变硬化的弹塑性应力应变关系描述受压混凝土及钢筋,用线弹性应力应变关系描述受拉混凝土,混凝土开裂后的非线性现象则以一些经验公式给予反映。算例表明,本文建立的有限元计算模型用于钢筋混凝土联肢剪力墙的加载全过程分析是合理的,并且计算效率高。     

围压状态下的混凝土本构模型

利用已有不同围压下的混凝土三向压缩试验, 分析研究不同围压条件对混凝土强度和应力-应变关系的影响。试验表明, 把混凝土简单视为脆性材料的观点并不符合实际情况, 塑性特征也是混凝土材料主要力学特征。由热力学定律出发, 本文提出了多次方形式的屈服函数和与围压状态相关联的损伤标准化函数, 提出了考虑围压状态的混凝土本构模型。试验结果与数值计算比较表明, 该本构关系可以很好地描述混凝土在不同围压状态下的力学损伤发展和脆-塑性转换力学特征, 也可以描述拉伸作用下的应力-应变关系, 具有一定的普遍意义。     

混凝土分段曲线损伤模型

在对比分析国内外现有的混凝土受拉损伤模型基础上，结合素混凝土受拉应力应变曲线的试验结果，提出了一个新的混凝土分段曲线损伤模型，并利用应力连续条件确定了损伤模型中各系数的值。运用该模型到力学分析中，推导了矩形截面的混凝土梁在纯弯矩作用下，在损伤较小和损伤较大时的力学方程，算出了梁的最大承载能力，并与材料力学计算的梁承载能力进行了对比。详细分析了损伤区域及损伤应力在横截面上的变化过程，确定了极限状态下含损伤混凝土梁的应力分布和相应的承载能力，画出了损伤状态梁截面的应力分布图。     

基于抗压强度推测的水工混凝土疲劳残余应变研究

提出一种使用混凝土破坏前的应力应变发展曲线, 来推求混凝土抗压强度和 峰值应变的方法. 经过试验验证, 该方法具有较高的精度, 并可以得到疲劳试 验时真实的应力水平. 在MTS 810 TestStar材料试验系统上对C15水工混凝土开 展了受压疲劳试验. 通过试验数据分析, 得到疲劳残余应变发展规律公式、疲劳 失稳判据、疲劳寿命估算式及疲劳强度等, 对水工建筑物 的疲劳损伤分析与评定具有指导意义.     

混凝土HJC本构模型参数的研究

运用非线性有限元动力分析软件LS-DYNA模拟了混凝土SHPB试验.将试验采集的入射波数据作为压杆的端面载荷,模拟条件尽量符合试验条件,确保模拟精度.将数值模拟与试验结果相结合,研究了混凝土HJC模型参数的确定方法,得到了C60混凝土的相关计算参数,模拟结果得到的应力-应变曲线与不同应变率下混凝土SHPB试验应力-应变曲线吻合较好.分析了HJC模型的本构特性,比较了与金属JC模型的差异与共性,讨论了HJC模型存在的问题.研究结果表明,未考虑混凝土弹性响应的应变率效应,横向效应的影响与采用的失效方式密切相关.     

基于0.2定围压比状态下的约束混凝土性能研究

通过对混凝土施加0.2定围压比,使单轴受压混凝土裂缝发展受到约束,研究了混凝土在接近无裂纹发展状态下的受压力学性能。本文以在MTS815.02岩石电液伺服系统上对不同强度等级的混凝土试件在定围压比为0.2时的单调、循环加卸载受压常规三轴试验为基础,研究分析了0.2定围压比对混凝土受压应力-应变规律的影响和围压对混凝土裂缝发展的限制效果,并根据0.2定围压比下混凝土材料的特殊性能,提出了无裂纹发展状态下混凝土上升段表达式及参数。分析结果表明,0.2定围压比下,各强度混凝土本构关系均表现出了类似金属材料的本构关系,且低强混凝土试件应力-应变的提高幅度优于中强混凝土试件。综上所述,0.2定围压比改善了混凝土在受压时无征兆失效(脆性破坏)的力学性能。     

基于分形理论的高强混凝土动态损伤本构关系

基于高强混凝土（HSC）试块在SHPB冲击实验中的分形损伤演化规律,推导了HSC的分形损伤变量表达式,标定了HSC裂纹的分形维数范围。然后参考ZWT模型,并结合HSC实验过程中的应变率相关性、动态损伤特性及近似恒应变率,推导了分形损伤演化的HSC动态损伤本构方程。采用4组应变率工况下的C60、C80混凝土应力-应变曲线对本构方程进行验证,理论曲线和实验曲线吻合较好。     

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Coarse Marble Under Six Different Loading Paths

A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ ₃?=?30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON＇S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete （NC） and high strength concrete （HSC） in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damage Poisson＇s ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson＇s ratio is determined basically. The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson＇s ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

Erratum to: Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Coarse Marble Under Six Different Loading Paths

A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ ₃ = 30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.     

弹体贯穿混凝土数值模拟的改进材料模型

研究混凝土结构在冲击载荷下的力学特性对武器以及防护结构的设计和评估具有重要意义,而合适的材料模型可以更准确地预测混凝土结构的力学行为和破坏模式。因此,本文中提出了一种改进的混凝土塑性损伤材料模型来描述其在冲击载荷下的力学响应。该改进模型考虑了压力-体积应变关系、应变率效应、洛德角效应和塑性损伤累积对混凝土材料力学特性的影响,并引入了一个与损伤相关的硬化/软化函数来描述压缩状态下的应变硬化和软化行为。随后,通过对3个独立的强度面进行线性插值得到了该改进模型的破坏强度面,并采用部分关联流动法则考虑了混凝土材料的体积膨胀特性。最后,开展了单个单元在不同加载条件下和弹体贯穿钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟,验证了该改进模型的可行性、准确性以及预测性能提升。     

盐腐蚀后混凝土的动态本构模型

为探究混凝土受盐腐蚀后的动态力学响应,配置了粉煤灰质量分数为15%的普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土,将其置于质量分数均为15%的NaCl和Na₂SO₄溶液中浸泡腐蚀60 d后,利用?100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置,测试其受腐蚀后的动态力学性能,并结合宏观唯象损伤统计理论和Weibull分布思想,建立了混凝土受盐腐蚀后的动态统计损伤本构模型。结果表明:受盐腐蚀后,混凝土试件的动态抗压强度均有不同程度的下降,且NaCl溶液腐蚀试件的降幅大于Na₂SO₄溶液腐蚀试件;模型曲线与实验曲线的拟合度较高,能够较准确地描述混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态力学响应规律。     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON’S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposedfor use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compression-compression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. Thestudy covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damagePoisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratiois the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxialstress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion inthe form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy tocalculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON''S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 Mpa. The conception of damage Poisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

循环孔隙水压下混凝土常规三轴压缩损伤破坏特性分析

本文进行了孔隙水压不同循环次数(0次,10次,50次,100次和200次)以及不同应变速率下(10~(-5)/s,10~(-4)/s,10~(-3)/s和10~(-2)/s)混凝土常规三轴压缩试验,分析了混凝土峰值应变的变化规律、应力-应变曲线及损伤特性。结果表明:相同循环次数孔隙水压下,峰值应变随应变速率增加,整体呈现出增加的趋势;而相同应变速率下,峰值应变随孔隙水压循环次数的变化规律并不明显;在中低应变速率(10~(-5)~10~(-3)/s)下,混凝土的损伤变化受孔隙水压循环次数影响较大;当循环次数达到200次时,孔隙水压作用对混凝土产生较大的损伤。通过对循环孔隙水作用下混凝土动态损伤破坏机理的分析可知:混凝土的破坏过程实际上是内部裂纹不断形成、扩展、贯通,材料损伤不断产生、累积的过程;当损伤达到一定程度,混凝土发生宏观破坏,失去承载力。