STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON’S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposedfor use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compression-compression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. Thestudy covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damagePoisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratiois the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxialstress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion inthe form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy tocalculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

EFFECT OF DAMAGE EVOLUTION ON POISSON’S RATIO OF CONCRETE UNDER SULFATE ATTACK

Experimental results about concrete under sulfate attack are summarized,which include the variation of mass density of samples and velocity of ultrasonic wave propagating in samples.The evolution damage is analyzed in terms of the experimental results,and close attention is paid to the effect of damage evolution on Poisson’s ratio.This study shows that Poisson’s ratio is significantly affected by the concentration of solution and water-cement ratio.Poisson’s ratio of concrete changes very little when the water-cement ratio is selected as 0.6 or 0.8,so that such change may be neglected.If water-cement is 0.4,however,the Poisson’s ratio of the sample significantly changes.When the concrete sample of 0.4 water-cement ratio is immersed in sodium sulfate solution of 8% concentration for 285 days,Poisson’s ratio increase 10.14% compared with its initial value.There exist a sensitive region and a non-sensitive region for the change rate of Poisson’s ratio with respect to corrosion time.The change rate of Poisson’s ratio monotonously decreases with corrosion time in the sensitive region;in the non-sensitive region,the change rate of Poisson’s ratio is almost equal to zero.     

TENSILE STRENGTH FOR SPLITTING FAILURE OF BRITTLE PARTICLES WITH CONSIDERATION OF POISSON＇S RATIO

The core mechanism of comminution could be reduced to the breakage of individual particles that occurs through contact with other particles or with the grinding media, or with the solid walls of the mill. When brittle particles are loaded in compression or by impact, substantial tensile stresses are induced within the particles. These tensile stresses are responsible for splitting failure of brittle particles. Since many engineering materials have Poisson‘s ratios very close to 0.3, the influence of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is neglected in many studies. In this paper, the state of stress in a spherical particle due to two diametrically opposed forces is analyzed theoretically. A simple equation for the tensile stress at the centre of the particle is obtained. It is found reasonable to propose this tensile stress at the instant of failure as the tensile strength of the particle. Moreover, this tensile strength is a function of the Poisson‘s ratio of the material. As the state of stress along the z-axis in an irregular specimen tends to be similar to that in a spherical particle compressed diametrically with the same force, this tensile strength has some validity for irregular particles as well. Therefore, it could be used as the tensile strength for brittle particles in general. The effect of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is discussed.     

THE USE OF VISCO-ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL TO SIMULATE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE

A visco-elastoplastic damage constitutive model is proposed for simulating nonlinear behavior of concrete. Based on traditional plastic theory, the irreversible deformation is simulated in effective stress space. In order to reflect different stiffness degradation mechanism of concrete under tensile and compressive loading conditions, both tensile and compressive damage variables are introduced, and then on the basis of energy release rate, the model is firmly derived within the concept of irreversible thermodynamics. The rate-dependent model is considered by introducing viscous regularization into the inelastic strain and damage variable, and combined with an additional elastic condition. Fully implicit backward-Euler algorithm is used to perform constitutive integration. Results of numerical examples using the proposed model agree well with test results for specimens under uniaxial tension and compression, biaxial loading and triaxial loading. Failure processes of single-edge-notched (SEN) beam and double-edge-notched (DEN) specimen are also simulated to further validate the proposed model.     

Elastic and viscoelastic solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders

Analytical solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid long cylinders are developed. Young＇s modulus and material density of the cylinder are assumed to vary exponentially in the radial direction, and Poisson＇s ratio is assumed to be constant. A unified governing equation is derived from the equilibrium equations, compatibility equation, deformation theory of elasticity and the stress-strain relationship. The governing second-order differential equation is solved in terms of a hypergeometric function for the elastic deformation of rotating functionally graded cylinders. Dependence of stresses in the cylinder on the inhomogeneous parameters, geometry and boundary conditions is examined and discussed. The proposed solution is validated by comparing the results for rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders with the results for rotating homogeneous isotropic cylinders. In addition, a viscoelastic solution to the rotating viscoelastic cylinder is presented, and dependence of stresses in hollow and solid cylinders on the time parameter is examined.     

YIELD CRITERION IN PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODELS FOR CONCRETE

<正>A class of plastic-damage models for concrete require an unambiguous definition of cohesion in the yield criteria.For this reason,the Lubliner yield criterion has been adopted by many investigators and the commercial FE program Abaqus.As is well known,this criterion has achieved great success especially in plane stress states.In this paper,we are trying to extend it to triaxial compression stress states.First,a major limitation of the Lubliner criterion is analyzed. Then,a revised version of the Lubliner criterion is proposed,which shows appropriate properties over a wide range of stress states often encountered in engineering structures,and the predicted failure envelopes fit well with experimental data.For the concrete damaged plasticity model in Abaqus,a calibration strategy is suggested for uniformly confined concrete.     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of kiln roller under axis line deflection

This paper investigates the multiaxial fatigue life of the roller in rolling contact with wheels with respect to axis line deflection. The multiaxial fatigue criteria proposed by Wang and Brown, together with the ralnflow counting method and Miner- Palmgren＇s rule, are applied to the cumulative damage estimation and life prediction. As the axis line deflection of overlong kilns generally results in asymmetric load distribution on each roller, the load ratio is introduced to describe the deflection for quantitative stress analyses. The stress analyses are performed within the finite element code ANSYS. The tangential friction stress is calculated in terms ：of the condition of the rolling contact area. By taking one roller as an example, the plotted fatigue life versus load ratio curve discovers how the axis line deflection affects the fatigue life. This study is significant to prevent the fatigue failure of the roller and can provide basis to adjust and optimize the axis line of the rotary kiln.     

A MIXED MODE FRACTURE CRITERION BASED ON THE MAXIMUM TANGENTIAL STRESS IN BRITTLE INCLUSION

A closed-form solution for predicting the tangential stress of an inclusion located in mixed mode Ⅰ and Ⅱ crack tip field was developed based on the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory. Then a mixed mode fracture criterion, including the fracture direction and the critical load, was established based on the maximum tangential stress in the inclusion for brittle inclusioninduced fracture materials. The proposed fracture criterion is a function of the inclusion fracture stress, its size and volume fraction, as well as the elastic constants of the inclusion and the matrix material. The present criterion will reduce to the conventional one as the inclusion having the same elastic behavior as the matrix material. The proposed solutions are in good agreement with detailed finite element analysis and measurement.     

A new three-dimensional Hoek-Brown strength criterion

The Hoek-Brown(HB) strength criterion has been widely applied to the estimation of strength of intact rock and rock mass,while evolving ever since.However,negligence of the effect of the intermediate principal stress still remains in the criterion’s latest version.At the same time,several three-dimensional(3D) HB strength,which can takes into account the influence of the intermediate principal stress,have already been proposed,among which the 3D HB criterion proposed by Zhang and Zhu seems to be the most reasonable one.However,the Zhang 3D HB criterion may have problems with some stress path close to triaxial extension state because of the non-convexity characteristic of its failure surface.In this paper,a new 3D HB strength criterion is presented based on a generalized form of the HB criterion,which also considers the effect of the intermediate principal stress and inherits all the merits of the original version of the HB criterion.In addition,this new criterion can remedy to some extent the shortcomings observed in the Zhang 3D HB criterion.Polyaxial tests for five different rocks from published literatures are used for evaluating this new criterion and comparing it with the Zhang 3D HB criterion.The results show that this new criterion may over-predict or underpredict the polyaxial strength of rocks but the errors are relatively small,and similar results are also found for the Zhang 3D HB criterion,which one is better depends on the type of the rock under estimation.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON''S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 Mpa. The conception of damage Poisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

多轴加载下混凝土细观破坏模拟的强度准则探讨

实际工程结构中混凝土材料大多处于双轴或三轴的复杂应力状态,已有的细观力学数值研究工作大多针对单轴加载问题,对于双轴或者三轴加载条件下混凝土破坏模拟的研究相对较少。复杂受力条件下的混凝土材料破坏模拟中,细观组分强度准则选取的合理与否将成为混凝土破坏模式及宏观力学性能数值研究准确和成功与否的关键。本文旨在探讨单轴强度准则,如最大拉应变准则在多轴加载条件下混凝土破坏过程研究中运用的合理性。鉴于此,首先在细观尺度上建立了混凝土试件的二维随机骨料模型,分别采用弹性损伤本构关系模型及塑性损伤本构关系模型来描述细观组分(即砂浆基质)的力学性能,对双轴加载条件下混凝土的细观破坏过程进行数值模拟,对比了单轴强度准则和多轴强度准则下混凝土试件破坏路径及宏观应力-应变关系的差异。数值结果表明,简单的单轴强度准则难以反映双轴加载下混凝土内部应力状态的复杂性,不宜采用单轴强度准则来描述多轴加载下混凝土的破坏行为。     

混凝土动态双轴拉压破坏准则细观数值模拟研究

正常服役期内的混凝土结构往往处于复杂应力状态,并且不可避免地会受到偶发动力载荷作用.对于复杂载荷作用下的混凝土力学性能研究,破坏准则是基础.受试验设备等条件限制,现有的动态双轴拉压破坏准则形式复杂、缺乏更高应变率和侧应力比范围且尚未综合考虑应变率和侧应力比的耦合作用.为进一步提出适用范围更高且更准确的混凝土动态双轴拉压...     

基于损伤泊松比的混凝土多轴强度准则

基于两个基本假定并提出损伤泊松比的概念,应用损伤力学理论和最小耗能原理,根据混凝土单元体的耗能率应受到强度准则的约束,建立了混凝土在多轴应力状态下强度准则的一般形式并揭示混凝土的破坏机理,指出损伤泊松比是决定混凝土破坏的关键.根据混凝土破坏包络面的特征和已有试验资料,初步确定了损伤泊松比的表达式.通过与国内外633组多轴应力下混凝土强度试验资料的比较,结果表明该强度准则计算结果与试验结果符合较好.针对二轴应力状态下,新混凝土强度准则可进一步简化,其形式更简单,且偏于安全.     

混凝土板的冲切强度

基于混凝土强度的试验资料,首先建立了合理描述混凝土强度破坏特性的Lade-Duncan破坏准则,并将该Lade-Duncan破坏准则转化为等效的Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则.依据塑性上限分析理论和合理的混凝土板冲切强度破坏模式,求出了圆形和矩形分布荷载下混凝土板冲切强度的统一表达式.通过与已发表的研究成果、试验结果和规范公式相比较,论证了本文给出的混凝土板冲切强度公式的合理性.     

基于S准则发展的混凝土动态多轴强度准则

通过对经典强度理论或准则的强度参数分析,将强度参数转化为由混凝土的单轴压缩和单轴拉伸强度表示,结合S准则给出的混凝土单轴强度的率效应规律,得出了强度参数受应变率影响的率效应函数,进而将常用的静态多轴强度准则摩尔-库伦强度理论、松岗-中井强度理论、德鲁克-普拉格强度理论、拉得-邓肯强度准则和胡克-布朗强度准则发展为动态多轴强度准则.利用混凝土动态单轴压缩和动态单轴拉伸试验结果统计分析给出的S准则率效应参数,分析了5种强度准则中强度参数随应变率的变化规律以及取值范围.基于混凝土单轴压缩和单轴拉伸强度,分别给出了5种强度准则在子午面、偏平面和平面应力条件下的强度曲线与主应力空间中的强度曲面,对比分析了5种强度准则间的异同,以及每种强度准则随应变率的变化规律.利用混凝土材料的动态双轴和动态真三轴强度试验结果,分析评价了5种动态多轴强度准则,并且阐述了各动态多轴强度准则的应变率适用范围.德鲁克-普拉格强度理论与试验结果相差甚远,不适于描述混凝土材料的强度规律.动态双轴加载时,在拉压区各强度准则差别不大,都可较好地描述试验规律;在压压区各强度准则差别较大,松岗-中井强度理论与试验结果吻合最好.在动态真三轴比例加载时,摩尔-库伦强度理论和胡克-布朗强度准则无法考虑中主应力的影响;松岗-中井强度理论和拉得-邓肯强度准则都可较好地描述试验规律.      

高温后高强高性能混凝土双轴压力学性能

利用大型静动真三轴试验机,进行了常温20${^\circ}$C以及200${^\circ}$C$\sim $ 600${^\circ}$C\,6个温度等级高温后高强高性能混凝土在7种应力比双轴压应力状态下的强度与变形试验.测得了双轴主压方向的静态强度、峰值应变与应力应变曲线,剖析了温度和应力比对单、双轴压强度与峰值应变发展趋势的影响规律性以及试件破坏形态. 试验结果表明:随温度的升高,高强高性能混凝土的单轴压减摩强度并不一定降低;双轴压强度相对于单轴压强度的提高倍数取决于应力比、不同温度等级后的高强高性能混凝土``脆硬性'. 提出了带有温度和应力比参数的Kupfer-Gerstle破坏准则公式.      

强度理论百年总结

自从1900年著名的Mohr-Coulomb强度理论建立以来,已有100年的历史.在20世纪,关于材料在复杂应力状态下的强度理论进行了大量的理论研究和实验研究工作.本文对材料(包括金属材料、岩石、土、混凝土、冰、铁、聚合物、含能材料等)在复杂应力状态下强度理论(屈服准则、破坏准则等)的百年发展进行了总结,讨论了各种准则之间的关系,为研究和工程应用中的合理选择破坏准则提供了一种方法.文中还总结了三大系列强度理论、统一屈服准则、统一强度理论和其他各种强度理论,并简述了强度理论的计算机实施,以及多轴疲劳等问题.     

混凝土复合型裂纹扩展的非局部近场动力学建模分析

基于非局部近场动力学理论,构建了修正的能反映混凝土宏观拉压异性和断裂特征的近场动力学本构模型,开发了相应的离散、加载和时间积分算法,实现典型混凝土构件中复合型裂纹扩展过程模拟。在物质点对尺度上定义局部损伤并考虑物质点对的相对转动,通过求解时空微-积分方程实现裂纹的自然萌生与扩展,避免裂尖不连续带来的求解奇异性、网格依赖性和网格重构以及常规近场动力学本构模型的泊松比限制。通过含单边和双边初始裂纹四点剪切混凝土梁裂纹扩展破坏全过程模拟,得到破坏形态、破坏荷载以及完整的荷载-裂纹开口滑移曲线,并与试验和其他数值模拟结果对比,验证了模型的精确性和算法的稳定性。