J-inner matrix functions, interpolation and inverse problems for canonical systems, V: The inverse input scattering problem for Wiener class and rational p×q input scattering matrices

The general formulas developed in the fourth paper in this series are applied to solve the inverse input scattering problem for canonical integral systems in the special cases that the input scattering matrix is ap×q matrix valued function in the Wiener class (and the associated pairs are homogeneous). These formulas are then further specialized to the rational case. Whenp=q, these formulas are connected to the earlier results of Alpay-Gohberg and Gohberg-Kaashoek-Sakhnovich, who studied inverse problems for a related system of differential equations.This research was partially supported by a Minerva Foundation grant that is acknowledged with thanks.     

The Bitangential Inverse Input Impedance Problem for Canonical Systems, II: Formulas and Examples

This paper continues the study of the bitangential inverse input impedance problem for canonical integral systems that was initiated in [ArD6]. The problem is to recover the system, given an input impedance matrix valued function c() (that belongs to the Carathéodory class of p × p matrix valued functions that are holomorphic and have positive real part in the open upper half plane) and a chain of pairs of entire inner p × p matrix valued functions (that are identified with the associated pairs of the second kind of the matrizant of the system). Formulas for recovering the underlying canonical integral systems are derived by reproducing kernel Hilbert space methods. A number of examples are presented. Special attention is paid to the case when c() is of Wiener class and also when it is both of Wiener class and rational.     

The relative approximation degree in valued function fields

We continue the work of Kaplansky on immediate valued field extensions and determine special properties of elements in such extensions. In particular, we are interested in the question when an immediate valued function field of transcendence degree 1 is henselian rational (i.e., generated, modulo henselization, by one element). If so, then ramification can be eliminated in this valued function field. The results presented in this paper are crucial for the first author’s proof of henselian rationality over tame fields, which in turn is used in his work on local uniformization.     

Rational Brauer characters

It is known that every finite group of even order has a non-trivial complex irreducible character which is rational valued. We prove the modular version of this result: If p is an odd prime and G is any finite group of even order, then G has a non-trivial irreducible p-Brauer character which is rational valued. The first author is partially supported by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia proyecto MTM2004-06067-C02-01, while the second gratefully acknowledges the support of the NSA (grant H98230-04-0066).     

The direction of an automorphism of a totally disconnected locally compact group

We describe the asymptotic behavior of automorphisms of totally disconnected locally compact groups in terms of a set of `directions' which comes equipped with a natural pseudo-metric. The structure at infinity obtained by completing the induced metric quotient space of the set of directions recovers familiar objects such as: the set of ends of the tree for the group of inner automorphisms of the group of isometries of a regular locally finite tree; and the spherical Bruhat-Tits building for the group of inner automorphisms of the set of rational points of a semisimple group over a local field. Research supported by A.R.C. Grant DP0208137.     

Optimality conditions for non-finite valued convex composite functions

Burke (1987) has recently developed second-order necessary and sufficient conditions for convex composite optimization in the case where the convex function is finite valued. In this note we present a technique for reducing the infinite valued case to the finite valued one. We then use this technique to extend the results in Burke (1987) to the case in which the convex function may take infinite values. We conclude by comparing these results with those established by Rockafellar (1989) for the piecewise linear-quadratic case.Dedicated to the memory of Robin W. ChaneyResearch supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-8602399 and DMS-8803206, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant ISSA-860080.Research supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under grant OGP41983.     

Galois groups over complete valued fields

We propose an elementary algebraic approach to the patching of Galois groups. We prove that every finite group is regularly realizable over the field of rational functions in one variable over a complete discrete valued field. Partially supported by NSF grant DMS 9306479.     

Amenability and weak amenability of the Fourier algebra

Let G be a locally compact group. We show that its Fourier algebra A(G) is amenable if and only if G has an abelian subgroup of finite index, and that its Fourier–Stieltjes algebra B(G) is amenable if and only if G has a compact, abelian subgroup of finite index. We then show that A(G) is weakly amenable if the component of the identity of G is abelian, and we prove some partial results towards the converse.Research supported by NSERC under grant no. 90749-00.Research supported by NSERC under grant no. 227043-00.     

Classification of maximal caps in PG(3,5) different from elliptic quadrics

Ak-cap in PG(3,q) is a set of k points, no three of which are collinear. A k-cap is calledcomplete if it is not contained in a (k+1)-cap. The maximum valuem ₂(3, q) ofk for which there exists a k-cap in PG(3,q) is q²+1. Letm ₂(3, q) denote the size of the second largest complete k-cap in PG(3,q). This number is only known for the smallest values of q, namely for q=2, 3,4 (cf. [2], pp. 96–97 and [3], p. 303). In this paper we show thatm ₂(3,5)=20. We also prove that there are, up to isomorphism, only two complete 20-caps in PG(3,5) and determine their collineation groups.In memoriam Giuseppe TalliniWork done within the activity of GNSAGA of CNR and supported by MURST.     

A sufficient condition for nonrigidity of Carnot groups

In this article we consider contact mappings on Carnot groups. Namely, we are interested in those mappings whose differential preserves the horizontal space, defined by the first stratum of the natural stratification of the Lie algebra of a Carnot group. We give a sufficient condition for a Carnot group G to admit an infinite dimensional space of contact mappings, that is, for G to be nonrigid. A generalization of Kirillov’s Lemma is also given. Moreover, we construct a new example of nonrigid Carnot group. This research was partly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The author would like to thank H. M. Reimann for the helpful advices and the constant support.     

On Anosov automorphisms of nilmanifolds

The only known examples of Anosov diffeomorphisms are hyperbolic automorphisms of infranilmanifolds, and the existence of such automorphisms is a really strong condition on the rational nilpotent Lie algebra determined by the lattice, so called an Anosov Lie algebra. We prove that n⊕?⊕n (s times, s≥2) has an Anosov rational form for any graded real nilpotent Lie algebra n having a rational form. We also obtain some obstructions for the types of nilpotent Lie algebras allowed, and use the fact that the eigenvalues of the automorphism are algebraic integers (even units) to show that the types (5,3) and (3,3,2) are not possible for Anosov Lie algebras.     

Extreme events and entropy: A multiple quantile utility model

This paper introduces a multiple quantile utility model of Cumulative Prospect Theory in an ambiguous setting. We show a representation theorem in which a prospect is valued by a composite value function. The composite value function is able to represent asymmetric attitude on extreme events and a rational prudence on ordinary events.     

A differential operator and weak topology for Lipschitz maps

We show that the Scott topology induces a topology for real-valued Lipschitz maps on Banach spaces which we call the L-topology. It is the weakest topology with respect to which the L-derivative operator, as a second order functional which maps the space of Lipschitz functions into the function space of non-empty weak^∗ compact and convex valued maps equipped with the Scott topology, is continuous. For finite dimensional Euclidean spaces, where the L-derivative and the Clarke gradient coincide, we provide a simple characterization of the basic open subsets of the L-topology. We use this to verify that the L-topology is strictly coarser than the well-known Lipschitz norm topology. A complete metric on Lipschitz maps is constructed that is induced by the Hausdorff distance, providing a topology that is strictly finer than the L-topology but strictly coarser than the Lipschitz norm topology. We then develop a fundamental theorem of calculus of second order in finite dimensions showing that the continuous integral operator from the continuous Scott domain of non-empty convex and compact valued functions to the continuous Scott domain of ties is inverse to the continuous operator induced by the L-derivative. We finally show that in dimension one the L-derivative operator is a computable functional.     

Geodesic rays,Busemann functions and monotone twist maps

We study the action-minimizing half-orbits of an area-preserving monotone twist map of an annulus. We show that these so-called rays are always asymptotic to action-minimizing orbits. In the spirit of Aubry-Mather theory which analyses the set of action-minimizing orbits we investigate existence and properties of rays. By analogy with the geometry of the geodesics on a Riemannian 2-torus we define a Busemann function for every ray. We use this concept to prove that the minimal average action A() is differentiable at irrational rotation numbers while it is generically non-differentiable at rational rotation numbers (cf. also [18]). As an application of our results in the geometric framework we prove that a Riemannian 2-torus which has the same marked length spectrum as a flat 2-torus is actually isometric to this flat torus.     

构造二元向量值有理插值函数的一种新方法

At present, the methods of constructing vector valued rational interpolation function in rectangular mesh are mainly presented by means of the branched continued fractions. In order to get vector valued rational interpolation function with lower degree and better approximation effect, the paper divides rectangular mesh into pieces by choosing nonnegative integer parameters d1 （0 〈 dl ≤ m） and d2 （0 ≤ d2≤ n）, builds bivariate polynomial vector interpolation for each piece, then combines with them properly. As compared with previous methods, the new method given by this paper is easy to compute and the degree for the interpolants is lower.     

Polynomial representations of the orthogonal groups

This paper is concerned with realizations of the irreducible representations of the orthogonal group and construction of specific bases for the representation spaces. As is well known, Weyl's branching theorem for the orthogonal group provides a labeling for such bases, called Gelfand-Žetlin labels. However, it is a difficult problem to realize these representations in a way that gives explicit orthogonal bases indexed by these Gelfand-–etlin labels. Thus, in this paper the irreducible representations of the orthogonal group are realized in spaces of polynomial functions over the general linear groups and equipped with an invariant differentiation inner product, and the Gelfand-Žetlin bases in these spaces are constructed explicitly. The algorithm for computing these polynomial bases is illustrated by a number of examples. Partially supported by a grant from the Department of Energy. Partially supported by NSF grant No. MCS81-02345.     

Generalized resolvent matrices and spaces of analytic functions

We introduce triplet spaces for symmetric relations with defect index (1, 1) in a Pontryagin space. Representations of Pontryagin spaces by spaces of vector-valued analytic functions are investigated. These concepts are used to study 2×2-matrix valued analytic functions which satisfy a certain kernel condition.     

Matrix valued interpolation and truncated Hamburger moment problems

A solvability condition for matrix valued directional single-node interpolation problems of Loewner type is established, in terms of properties of Pick kernel. As a consequence, a solvability condition for matrix valued directional truncated Hamburger moment problems is obtained.     

On a class of extremal solutions of a moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case I

The main theme of this paper is the discussion of a parametrized family of solutions of a finite moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case. We will show that each member of this family is extremal in several directions concerning some point of the open unit disk. These investigations are inspired by the authors' paper [23], where a similar topic is studied in the context of the matricial Carathéodory problem. We will see that larger parts of the results presented there can be extended to the rational case studied here.The main theme of this paper is the discussion of a parametrized family of solutions of a finite moment problem for rational matrix‐valued functions in the nondegenerate case. We will show that each member of this family is extremal in several directions concerning some point of the open unit disk. These investigations are inspired by the authors' paper [23], where a similar topic is studied in the context of the matricial Carathéodory problem. We will see that larger parts of the results presented there can be extended to the rational case studied here (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Total dual integrality and integer polyhedra

A linear system Ax ? b (A, b rational) is said to be totally dual integral (TDI) if for any integer objective function c such that max {cx: Ax ? b} exists, there is an integer optimum dual solution. We show that if P is a polytope all of whose vertices are integer valued, then it is the solution set of a TDI system Ax ? b where b is integer valued. This was shown by Edmonds and Giles [4] to be a sufficient condition for a polytope to have integer vertices.