聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－苯乙烯）IPN的研究

改变聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－苯乙烯）（Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含量（Ｗ_（ＭＭＡ）），通过一步法合成出聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯（ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）ＩＰＮ．ＤＳＣ、ＴＥＭ和动态粘弹谱研究结果表明：当Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中Ｗ_（ＭＭＡ）大于０．６时，ＩＰＮ仅有一个Ｔｇ；当Ｗ_（ＭＭＡ）小于０．４时，ＩＰＮ有２个Ｔ_ｇ，ＴＥＭ上出现相区，Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）溶度参数（δ）及δ的氢键作用分量（δｈ）与相态、力学性能有密切关系。     

聚氨酯型互穿网络聚合物的研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯和蓖麻油反应，合成了一系列室温固化的蓖麻油型聚氨酯。分别研究了蓖麻油聚氨酯（ＣＯＰＵ）／聚苯乙烯（ＰＳｔ）ＩＰＮｓ、ＣＯＰＵ／聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）ＩＰＮｓ的结构和性能。结果表明：ＣＯＰＵ／ＰＡＮ的力学性能较ＣＯＰＵ／ＰＳｔ的力学性能为好。为进一步改善聚合物之间的相容性，在聚苯乙烯网络中引入极性较大的丙烯腈制备了ＣＯＰＵ／Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ＣＯ－ＡＮ）ＩＰＮｓ，并对它的力学性能、热分析、动态力学性能、热稳定性等作了系统的研究。结果表明：当聚氨酯浓度为６０％时，改变Ｓｔ、ＡＮ的比例，随ＡＮ含量的增加，体系的微相分离程度降低。改变ＣＯＰＵ／Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ＣＯ－ＡＮ）的比例，ｔａｎδ－Ｔ曲线上均呈现一个较宽的玻璃化转变温度；热重分析表明，其初始分解温度可达２４４℃。     

聚氨酯／聚（苯乙烯—甲基丙烯酸甲酯—甲基丙烯酸互穿聚合物网络的研究

研究了聚氨酯／聚互穿合笺网络，动态力学性能及透射电镜结果均表明该体系相分离较严重。ＩＮＰ具有两个玻璃化转变温度，它们有不同程度的内移，形成一定程度分子水平的混合。而ＩＰＮ（５０／５０）其分子混合水平较大，互穿缠结程度较高。     

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的相容性与力学性能

用同步法合成了聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物［ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ］，调节ＩＰＮ中两组分组成比制备出由完全弹性体、增强弹性体、增韧塑料到脆性塑料多种高聚物合金材料．用ＤＳＣ、动态力学谱、ＴＥＭ对ＩＰＮ的研究结果表明，ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ的两组分是完全相容的；同时对各种组成比的ＩＰＮ材料进行力学性能测试，用相容性ＩＰＮ中互穿、缠结结构解释其力学行为，并用ＳＥＭ对断面形貌进行了观察解释．     

聚环氧丙烷聚氨酯／聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯—苯惭烯）IPN的研究

改变聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－苯乙烯（Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中 甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含量（ＷＭＭＡ），通过一步法合成出聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯（ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）ＩＰＮ．ＤＳＣ、ＴＥＭ和动态粘弹谱研究结果表明：当Ｐ（ＭＭＡ＿ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中ＷＭＭＡ大于０．６时，ＩＢＮ仅有一个Ｔｇ；当ＷＭＭＡ小于０．４时，ＩＰＮ有２个Ｔｇ，ＴＥＭ上出现相区，Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）深度参数（δ）及δ的氢键作     

不饱和聚酯／聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物的合成

以醋酸酐封端的不饱和聚酯（ＦＵＰＲ）与交联聚氨酯预聚物制备了具有互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）的不饱和聚酯／聚氨酯，通过红外，ＤＳＣ和扫描电镜等分析了ＦＵＰＲ／ＰＵＩＰＮ网络形成的动力学，微相分离行为及力学性能，结果表明，当ＦＵＰＲ／ＰＵ达到某一比值时，产生网络互穿效应，可改善聚氨酯的刚性，提高不饱和聚酯的抗冲性。     

四元胶乳互穿聚合物网络的组成对其性能的影响

用分步乳液聚合法合成了具有核壳结构的胶乳互穿聚合物网络ＬＩＰＮ（ＰＭＭＡ－ＰＳ）／（Ｐｎ－ＢＡ－ＰＡＡ）；讨论了ＬＩＰＮ组成对乳液与膜性能的影响，提出了四元ＬＩＰＮ核壳结构的基本轮廓，探讨了软硬单体最佳配比及丙烯酸单体用量。     

交联密度对聚氨酯／聚苯乙烯互穿聚合物网络动态力学性能的影响

采用同步法合成了聚氨酯／聚苯乙烯（ＰＵ／ＰＳ）互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）．通过改变ＮＣＯ／ＯＨ比、三元醇／二元醇（３ＯＨ／２ＯＨ）比、异氰酸酯类型、多元醇分子量、二乙烯基苯含量及丙烯酸β－羟乙酯的含量，研究了单网及网间交联密度对ＰＵ／ＰＳＩＰＮ动态力学性能影响的规律．结果表明：对相容性差的ＰＵ／ＰＳＩＰＮ体系，采用增加交联密度、加快网络固化速度导致“强迫互容”，能提高两网的互穿与缠结，增进组份的互容．但单网固化速度过快相容性反而下降．     

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯IPN力学性能

利用改变组成比、聚氨酯ＰＵ软段的分子量、Ｒ值、异氰酸酯和两网络各自交联剂含量合成出５个系列的聚环氧丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿聚合物网络，利用ＩＰＮ中交联、互穿、缠结程度的不同，并结合ＤＣＳ、ＴＥＭ、动态粘弹谱讨论了ＩＰＮ力学性能。     

新型聚丙烯基磺酸型阳离子交换膜的制备与膜体结构研究

以β晶型聚丙烯（ＰＰ）经双轴拉伸制备的新型聚丙烯微孔膜（Ａｓｐｏｒ膜）为基膜,采用浸吸法制血具有两相连续、贯穿的互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）为膜体结构的聚丙烯／聚（苯乙烯－二乙烯苯）磺酸型阳离子交换膜。应用ＳＥＭ、ＸＰＳ和ＷＡＸＤ手段,分析研究了ＰＰ基膜和离子交换膜（ＩＥＭ）的ＩＰＮ膜体结构及其力学性能的关系。     

The Preparation of Ipns of Polystyrene-Polyethylene and Poly(Butyl Methacrylate)-Polyethylene and Their Dynamic Mechanical Behavior

IPNs based on polyethylene and vinyl polymers were prepared according to a new procedure. We studied the dynamic mechanical behavior of two series of IPNs: polystyrene (PS)-polyethylene (PE) and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)-PE at the frequency ω = 1 Hz and in the temperature region from ?50 to 200°C. Temperature dependences of the components of the dynamic modulus of elasticity G' and G" of the networks PS and PBMA have shapes typical of amorphous networks; the corresponding dependences of pure PE show, however, features typical of a semicrystalline polymer. IPNs of the system PS/PE show two-phase behavior. At T < 110°C, PE functions as a plasticizer. In the system PBMA/PE, better miscibility of components is seen, and PE exerts a reinforcing effect on the mechanical behavior over the whole temperature region. In both systems, network density increases with increasing PE content in IPNs. Better homogeneity and a slight increase in the network density of IPNs with PBMA/PE in comparison to PS/PE networks are probably caused by a greater number of grafted PBMA chains in the PE network compared to the PS network.     

丁腈羟聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸酯互穿网络聚合物的动态力学性能研究

采用同步法合成的丁腈羟聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸酯类IPN样品,以TPA动态力学方法研究它的丙烯酸酯组份中,不同组份比,侧基结构和含量与动态力学性能的关系。结果指出,这些体系是半相容体系和相容体系。包含甲基丙烯酸正丁酯,异丁酯的IPN力学阻尼峰比甲基丙烯酸甲酸所具有的峰明显加宽。IPN中丙烯腈对体系的动态力学影响较大。     

Dielectric and dynamic mechanical studies on homogeneous PBA/PBMA interpenetrating polymer networks

Broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS, 10⁻²‐10⁹ Hz), thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) techniques and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed to investigate the dynamic glass transition and, thus, phase morphology in sequential IPNs of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) with 10 weight % of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as branching agent. In a parallel investigation, similar IPNs with only 0.1% branching agent showed clearly phase separation. In the highly branched IPNs, forced compatibilization induces miscibility of the two components. The results are discussed in terms of suppression of cooperativity and dynamic heterogeneity in the IPNs.     

BaTiO3 / (PU/UP-IPNS)复合材料的相容性、力学性能和阻尼性能研究(英)

以水热法合成的BaTiO3纤维和同步法制备的互穿聚合物网络为原料，采用原位分散聚合法获得了一系列BaTiO3/(PU／UP-IPNs)复合材料。采用傅立叶交换红外分光光度计跟踪考察了IPNs的聚合过程，用透射电镜观测了IPNs及其复合物的形貌。结果表明，IPNs中两相相畴尺寸在纳米级范围内，在此基础上，实现了BaTiO3纤维状的复合。动态力学性能的检测结果表明，相较纯IPNs，复合材料的阻尼损耗模量和阻尼损耗因子值均有所提高，且在低温区均出现了肩峰。复合物的最大损耗因子值均大于0．4，在约50℃范围内，E’值提高100MPa。力学性能检测结果表明，IPNs中的连续相是决定材料力学性能的主要因素；有机／无机组分间混溶性的降低，使BaTiO3/IPNs复合材料的抗张强度和断裂伸长率均下降。     

Two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) from polyurethanes and epoxies. I. Studies on full IPN,pseudo-IPN,and graft polymer alloys of polyurethanes and epoxies

In this article we review the synthesis and morphology and the physical and mechanical properties of two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) from polyurethane and epoxy polymers; the corresponding pseudo-IPNs and grafted IPNs are also discussed. A comparison was made of full IPNs, pseudo-IPNs, grafted IPNs, and related homopolymers by examining their mechanical properties, mechanical spectra, and electron microscopy on an investigation of the effects of interpenetration or permanent entanglement in the IPN and related systems. This interpenetration has resulted in improved compatibility between the two polymer systems and has caused a decrease in the degree of phase separation. An observed shift in the dynamic glass transition temperatures (T_gs) of the two components which yielded a single IPN T_g further substantiates our results.     

聚丙烯酸酯/环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物的研究Ⅲ.橡胶态弹性模量和互穿缠结

采用一步法（Ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ）合成了双组分的聚丙烯酸酯／环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物（ＩＰＮｓ）．选择预溶胀方法制备了聚丙烯酸酯和环氧树脂两种组分网络．测定了各种组分比的ＩＰＮ和不同溶胀度下的组分网络的动态力学性能，从橡胶态弹性理论出发讨论了ＩＰＮ和预溶胀网络之间在橡胶态弹性模量上的关系，并据此指出互穿缠结增加了网络的有效“交联密度”，因此，它对ＩＰＮ的橡胶态弹性模量有较大的贡献．密度测量的结果也提供了另一方面的证据     

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Uralkyd Resin Based on Hydrogenated Castor Oil and Poly(Butyl Acrylate)

Abstract

Semi‐ and full‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of uralkyd (UA) resin based on hydrogenated castor oil and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were prepared by the sequential mode of synthesis. These IPNs were characterized for their resistance to thermal behavior, swelling (%), and mechanical properties. The morphology of the IPNs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the variations of the blend ratios on the above‐mentioned properties was examined. The mechanical properties significantly enhanced by increasing UA component in the blend. Full‐IPNs exhibited higher apparent densities, mechanical properties, and thermal stability than the corresponding semi‐IPNs.     

Vibration damping materials based on interpenetrating polymer networks of carboxylated nitrile rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and poly(methyl methacrylate)s were synthesized. Crosslinked XNBR was swollen in methyl methacrylate containing benzoyl peroxide as initiator and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent. The compositions of the IPNs were varied by changing the swelling time of the rubber in the methacrylate monomer. The dynamic mechanical properties of the IPNs were studied. The dynamic mechanical properties in the range 1–10⁵ Hz were obtained by the time‐temperature superposition of the data under multifrequency mode, which indicated high tan δ with good storage modulus in the entire frequency range. This indicates the suitability of these IPNs as vibration and acoustic dampers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology and mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene/poly(methyl methacrylate–co-n-butyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks

A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on styrenic triblock copolymer, polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS), and random copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) were prepared. Corresponding semi-IPNs of the same composition without a crosslinking agent were also synthesized for comparison, and toluene was used as a common solvent to investigate the influence of the presence of the common solvent during the IPN synthesis. Throughout the compositions of IPNs tested, SBS appears to form a continuous phase and the domain size decreases gradually with the increase in SBS concentration. IPNs are found to have finer domain sizes than semi-IPNs because of the higher intermixing between polymers. The microstructure of SBS could be observed using highly magnified transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dynamic mechanical behavior of the IPNs shows the inward shifting of two glass transition peaks, corresponding to polybutadiene phase of SBS and p(MMA–co-nBA) phase respectively, which indicates enhanced intermixing. The increase in loss tangent of styrene blocks of SBS by the addition of common solvent indicates the structural change of the microstructure in SBS, and this structural change can also be confirmed through the observation of the morphology of SBS-rich phase with higher magnification. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶互穿聚合物网络的动态力学性能研究

<正> 互穿聚合物网络(IPN)是一种新型聚合物共混物.自Sperling在1969年合成聚丙烯酸乙酯/聚苯乙烯异步IPN(Sequential IPN)后,该领域进展很快.乳胶IPN(latex IPN)是用改进的乳液聚合法合成的一种微观互穿IPN.在前文中,我们报道了聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酸丁酯(PS/PBA)乳胶IPN的合成,本文研究一些因素对PS/PBA乳胶IPN动态力学性能的影响.