Supercharacter Theory Constructions Corresponding to Schur Ring Products

Diaconis and Isaacs have defined the supercharacter theories of a finite group to be certain approximations to the ordinary character theory of the group [7 Diaconis , P. , Isaacs , I. M. ( 2008 ). Supercharacters and superclasses for algebra groups . Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 360 : 2359 – 2392 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. We make explicit the connection between supercharacter theories and Schur rings, and we provide supercharacter theory constructions which correspond to Schur ring products of Leung and Man [12 Leung , K. H. , Man , S. H. ( 1996 ). On Schur rings over cyclic groups, II . J. Algebra 183 : 273 – 285 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], Hirasaka and Muzychuk [10 Hirasaka , M. , Muzychuk , M. ( 2001 ). An elementary abelian group of rank 4 is a CI-group . J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 94 : 339 – 362 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], and Tamaschke [20 Tamaschke , O. ( 1970 ). On Schur-rings which define a proper character theory on finite groups . Math. Z. 117 : 340 – 360 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

Classification of Pointed Fusion Categories of dimension 8 up to weak Morita equivalence

In this paper we give a complete classification of pointed fusion categories over ? of global dimension 8. We first classify the equivalence classes of pointed fusion categories of dimension 8, and then we proceed to determine which of these equivalence classes have equivalent categories of modules following the procedure presented in [9 Naidu, D. (2007). Categorical Morita equivalence for group-theoretical categories. Commun. Algebra 35(11):3544–3565.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 11 Uribe, B. (2017). On the classification of pointed fusion categories up to weak Morita equivalence. Pac. J. Math. 290(2):437–466.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. The results of this paper permit to recover the classification of twisted quantum doubles of groups of order 8 up to gauge equivalence of braided quasi-Hopf algebras that was previously done in [6 Mason, C., Ng, S.-H (2001). Group cohomology and gauge equivalence of some twisted quantum doubles. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 353(9):3465–3509.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and [5 Goff, C., Mason, G., Ng, S.-H (2007). On the gauge equivalence of twisted quantum doubles of elementary abelian and extra-special 2-groups. J. Algebra 312(2):849–875.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

Loewy Modules with Finite Loewy Invariants and Max Modules with Finite Radical Invariants

Over a commutative ring R, a module is artinian if and only if it is a Loewy module with finite Loewy invariants [5 Facchini , A. ( 1981 ). Loewy and artinian modules over commutative rings . Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 128 : 359 – 374 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. In this paper, we show that this is not necesarily true for modules over noncommutative rings R, though every artinian module is always a Loewy module with finite Loewy invariants. We prove that every Loewy module with finite Loewy invariants has a semilocal endomorphism ring, thus generalizing a result proved by Camps and Dicks for artinian modules [3 Camps , R. , Dicks , W. ( 1993 ). On semilocal rings . Israel J. Math. 81 : 203 – 211 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Finally, we obtain similar results for the dual class of max modules.     

On the Associated Primes of Matlis Duals of Local Cohomology Modules II

In continuation of [1 Hellus , M. ( 2005 ). On the associated primes of Matlis duals of top local cohomology modules . Communications in Algebra 33 : 3997 – 4009 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] we study associated primes of Matlis duals of local cohomology modules (MDLCM). We combine ideas from Helmut Zöschinger on coassociated primes of arbitrary modules with results from [1 Hellus , M. ( 2005 ). On the associated primes of Matlis duals of top local cohomology modules . Communications in Algebra 33 : 3997 – 4009 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] 4-6 Hellus , M. , Stückrad , J. ( 2008 ). On endomorphism rings of local cohomology modules . Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 136 : 2333 – 2341 . Hellus , M. , Stückrad , J. ( 2008 ). Matlis duals of top local cohomology modules . Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 136 : 489 – 498 . Hellus , M. , Stückrad , J. ( 2009 ). Artinianness of local cohomology . Journal of Commutative Algebra 1 : 269 – 274 . ], and obtain partial answers to questions which were left open in [1 Hellus , M. ( 2005 ). On the associated primes of Matlis duals of top local cohomology modules . Communications in Algebra 33 : 3997 – 4009 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. These partial answers give further support for conjecture (*) from [1 Hellus , M. ( 2005 ). On the associated primes of Matlis duals of top local cohomology modules . Communications in Algebra 33 : 3997 – 4009 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] on the set of associated primes of MDLCMs. In addition, and also inspired by ideas from Zöschinger, we prove some non-finiteness results of local cohomology.     

A Note on Maximal Properties of Some Subsemigroups of Finite Order-Preserving Transformation Semigroups

Both maximal idempotent-generated subsemigroups and maximal idempotent-generated regular subsemigroups of O _n were studied by Yang [10 Yang , X. , Lu , C. ( 2000 ). Maximal properties of some subsemigroups in finite order-preserving transformation semigroups . Communications in Algebra 28 : 3125 – 3135 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. The purpose of this article is to simplify the results of Yang [10 Yang , X. , Lu , C. ( 2000 ). Maximal properties of some subsemigroups in finite order-preserving transformation semigroups . Communications in Algebra 28 : 3125 – 3135 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]].     

Equivalences for Weak Crossed Products

In this article, we give a criterion that characterizes equivalent weak crossed products. By duality, we obtain a similar result for weak crossed coproducts and, as a consequence, we find the conditions that assures the equivalence between two weak crossed biproducts. As an application, we show that the main results proved by Panaite in [12 Panaite, F. (2014). Equivalent crossed products and cross product bialgebras. Commun. Algebr. 42:1937–1952.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] (see also [11 Panaite, F. (2012). Invariance under twisting for crossed products. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 140:755–763.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]), for Brzeziński's crossed products, admits a substantial reduction in the imposed conditions.     

Strongly J-Clean Matrices Over Local Rings

An element of a ring is called strongly J-clean provided that it can be written as the sum of an idempotent and an element in its Jacobson radical that commute. We investigate, in this article, a single strongly J-clean 2 × 2 matrix over a noncommutative local ring. The criteria on strong J-cleanness of 2 × 2 matrices in terms of a quadratic equation are given. These extend the corresponding results in [8 Li , B. ( 2009 ). Strongly clean matrix rings over noncommutative local rings . Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 46 : 71 – 78 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorems 2.7 and 3.2], [9 Li , Y. ( 2007 ). Strongly clean matrix rings over local rings . J. Algebra 312 : 397 – 404 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorem 2.6], and [11 Yang , X. , Zhou , Y. ( 2008 ). Strongly cleanness of the 2 × 2 matrix ring over a general local ring . J. Algebra 320 : 2280 – 2290 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Theorem 7].     

Fractional powers of sectorial operators via the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator

In the very influential paper [4 Caffarelli, L.A., Silvestre, L. (2007). An extension problem related to the fractional Laplacian. Commun. Partial Differential Equations 32:1245–1260.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] Caffarelli and Silvestre studied regularity of (?Δ)^s, 0<s<1, by identifying fractional powers with a certain Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. Stinga and Torrea [15 Stinga, P.R., Torrea, J. (2010). Extension problem and Harnack’s inequality for some fractional operators. Commun. Partial Differential Equations 35:2092–2122.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and Galé et al. [7 Galé, J., Miana, P., Stinga, P.R. (2013). Extension problem and fractional operators: semigroups and wave equations. J. Evol. Eqn. 13:343–368.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] gave several more abstract versions of this extension procedure. The purpose of this paper is to study precise regularity properties of the Dirichlet and the Neumann problem in Hilbert spaces. Then the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator becomes an isomorphism between interpolation spaces and its part in the underlying Hilbert space is exactly the fractional power.     

Monoid Valuations and Value Ordered Supervaluations

We complement two papers on supertropical valuation theory ([11 Izhakian , Z. , Knebusch , M. , Rowen , L. ( 2011 ). Supertropical semirings and supervaluations . J. Pure and Applied Alg. 215 ( 10 ): 2431 – 2463 . Preprint at arXiv:1003.1101 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], [12 Izhakian , Z. , Knebusch , M. , Rowen , L. ( 2013 ). Dominance and transmissions in supertropical valuation theory . Commun. Algebra 41 ( 7 ): 2736 – 2782 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]) by providing natural examples of m-valuations (= monoid valuations), and afterwards of supervaluations and transmissions between them. These supervaluations have values in totally ordered supertropical semirings, and the transmissions discussed respect the orderings. We develop the basics of the theory of such semirings and transmissions.     

Remarks on the Global Solutions of 3-D Navier-Stokes System with One Slow Variable

By applying Wiegner's method in [16 Wiegner , M. ( 1987 ). Decay results for weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations on ? ⁿ . J. London Math. Soc. 35 : 303 – 313 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], we first prove the large time decay estimate for the global solutions of a 2.5 dimensional Navier-Stokes system, which is a sort of singular perturbed 2-D Navier-Stokes system in three space dimension. As an application of this decay estimate, we give a simplified proof for the global wellposedness result in [6 Chemin , J.-Y. , Gallagher , I. ( 2010 ). Large, global solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations, slowly varying in one direction . Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 362 : 2859 – 2873 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] for 3-D Navier-Stokes system with one slow variable. Let us also mention that compared with the assumptions for the initial data in [6 Chemin , J.-Y. , Gallagher , I. ( 2010 ). Large, global solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations, slowly varying in one direction . Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 362 : 2859 – 2873 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], here the assumptions in Theorem 1.3 are weaker.     

Rate of Convergence of a Restarted CG-DESCENT Method

In this article, we investigate the convergence rate of the CG-DESCENT method proposed by Hager and Zhang [1 W. W. Hager and H. Zhang ( 2005 ). A new conjugate gradient method with guaranteed descent and an effcient line search . SIAM Journal of Optimization 16 : 170 – 192 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Under reasonable conditions, we show that the CG-DESCENT method with the Wolfe line search will be n-step superlinear and even quadratic convergence if some restart technique is used. Some numerical results are also reported to verify the theoretical results.     

Derived Representation Type of Schur Superalgebras

In this note we extend the results of Bekkert and Futorny in [2 Bekkert , V. , Futorny , V. ( 2003 ). Derived categories of Schur algebras . Comm. Alg. 31 : 1799 – 1822 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and Hemmer, Kujawa and Nakano in [10 Hemmer , D. J. , Kujawa , J. , Nakano , D. K. ( 2006 ). Representation types of Schur superalgebras . J. Group Theory 9 : 283 – 306 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and determine the derived representation type of Schur superalgebras.     

Automorphism Groups of Schur Rings

In 1993, Muzychuk [23 Muzychuk , Mikhail E. ( 1993 ). The structure of rational Schur rings over cyclic groups . European Journal of Combinatorics 14 : 479 – 490 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] showed that the rational Schur rings over a cyclic group Z _n are in one-to-one correspondence with sublattices of the divisor lattice of n, or equivalently, with sublattices of the lattice of subgroups of Z _n . This can easily be extended to show that for any finite group G, sublattices of the lattice of characteristic subgroups of G give rise to rational Schur rings over G in a natural way. Our main result is that any finite group may be represented as the (algebraic) automorphism group of such a rational Schur ring over an abelian p-group, for any odd prime p. In contrast, over a cyclic group the automorphism group of any Schur ring is abelian. We also prove a converse to the well-known result of Muzychuk [24 Muzychuk , Mikhail E. ( 1994 ). On the structure of basic sets of Schur rings over cyclic groups . Journal of Algebra 169 : 655 – 678 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] that two Schur rings over a cyclic group are isomorphic if and only if they coincide; namely, we show that over a group which is not cyclic, there always exist distinct isomorphic Schur rings.     

Irreducible Modules for the Lie Algebra of Divergence Zero Vector Fields on a Torus

This article investigates the irreducibility of certain representations for the Lie algebra of divergence zero vector fields on a torus. In [2 Eswara Rao, S. (1996). Irreducible representations of the Lie-algebra of the diffeomorphisms of a d-dimensional torus. J. Algebra 182(2):401–421.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] Rao constructs modules for the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on an N-dimensional torus, and determines the conditions for irreducibility. The current article considers the restriction of these modules to the subalgebra of divergence zero vector fields. It is shown here that Rao's results transfer to similar irreducibility conditions for the Lie algebra of divergence zero vector fields.     

Algebra Structures Arising from Yang–Baxter Systems

Yang–Baxter operators from algebra structures appeared for the first time in [11 D?sc?lescu , S. , Nichita , F. ( 1999 ). Yang–Baxter operators arising from (co)algebra structures . Comm. Algebra 27 : 5833 – 5845 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 22 Nichita , F. ( 1999 ). Self-inverse Yang–Baxter operators from (co)algebra structures . J. Algebra 218 : 738 – 759 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 23 Nuss , P. ( 1997 ). Noncommutative descent and non-abelian cohomology . K-Theory 12 ( 1 ): 23 – 74 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]]. Later, Yang–Baxter systems from entwining structures were constructed in [8 Brzeziński , T. , Nichita , F. F. ( 2005 ). Yang–Baxter systems and Entwining Structures . Comm. Algebra 33 : 1083 – 1093 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. In fact, Yang–Baxter systems are equivalent with braid systems. In this paper we show that braidings and entwinings of various algebraic structures—in particular, algebra factorisations—can be constructed from a braid system, whence from a Yang–Baxter system as well.     

Some Remarks on the Hyperelliptic Moduli of Genus 3

In 1967, Shioda [20 Shioda , T. ( 1967 ). On the graded ring of invariants of binary octavics . Amer. J. Math. 89 : 1022 – 1046 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] determined the ring of invariants of binary octavics and their syzygies using the symbolic method. We discover that the syzygies determined in [20 Shioda , T. ( 1967 ). On the graded ring of invariants of binary octavics . Amer. J. Math. 89 : 1022 – 1046 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] are incorrect. In this paper, we compute the correct equations among the invariants of the binary octavics and give necessary and sufficient conditions for two genus 3 hyperelliptic curves to be isomorphic over an algebraically closed field k, char k ≠ 2, 3, 5, 7. For the first time, an explicit equation of the hyperelliptic moduli for genus 3 is computed in terms of absolute invariants.     

A note on Bridgeland Hall algebras

In this note, let 𝒜 be a finitary hereditary abelian category with enough projectives. By using the associativity formula of Hall algebras, we give a new proof of the main theorem in [17 Yanagida, S. (2016). A note on Bridgeland’s Hall algebra of two-periodic complexes. Math. Z. 282(3):973–991.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], which states that the Bridgeland Hall algebra of 2-cyclic complexes of projective objects in 𝒜 is isomorphic to the Drinfeld double Hall algebra of 𝒜.     

A Matrix Approach to Generalizing Axelrod-Type Tournaments

Axelrod's (1980a Axelrod , R. ( 1980a ). Effective choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 24 , 3 – 25 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] 1980b Axelrod , R. ( 1980b ). More effective choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 24 , 379 – 403 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Prisoner's Dilemma computer tournaments have motivated numerous investigations of cooperation, strategy choice, and strategic evolution. By having players adopt various strategies for playing the Prisoner's Dilemma, and then programming a computer to pit the strategies against each other in a round-robin format, Axelrod uncovered important principles about the evolution of cooperation in certain contexts, and stimulated others to extend his basic method into other settings. This article presents a matrix approach for calculating the results of an Axelrod-type tournament. This approach allows one to investigate the impact of changes in the format of the tournament, the nature of the payoff matrix, or the particular strategic choices of the players.     

A Few Properties of Just Infinite Algebras

In this article we prove a few interesting properties of just infinite algebras. Bartholdi (2006 Bartholdi , L. ( 2006 ). Branch rings, thinned rings, tree enveloping rings . Israel J. Math. 154 : 93 – 139 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), defines a particular class of just infinite algebras and demonstrates various properties of these examples. One such property, which is tedious to prove for his specific examples, is primality. We prove here that, in fact, all just infinite algebras are prime. We then consider two corollaries of this theorem; one suggests a weaker definition of just infinite for finitely generated algebras and the other examines the specific case of just infinite algebras which also satisfy a polynomial identity.