光敏分离薄膜激光热透镜光谱法测定微区痕量汞的研究

本文报道光敏分离薄膜激光热透镜光谱法测定微区痕量汞的研究。讨论了汞－双硫腙体系的光敏特性，及其光敏薄膜激光热透镜的产生机理，研究了不同溶剂介质对光敏分离薄膜热透镜信号的影响，采用光敏分离成功地进行了痕量汞的分离测定。     

毛细管微池激光热透镜光谱分析方法研究

采用毛细管为测定微池,研究了毛细管微池激光热透镜光谱分析方法。理论上给出了毛细管微池激光热透镜光谱分析表达式。探讨了毛细管微池光反射的影响及其在光路位置特征、有机溶剂增强效应等。应用毛细管微池激光热透镜光谱分析于钼蓝法测定磷和浊点萃取测定孔雀石绿。结果表明建立的毛细管微池激光热透镜光谱分析方法,具有简单易行、高灵敏度的特点,适用于微量样品的分析测定。该研究不仅对于微量样品的测定具有应用价值,而且对于激光热透镜光谱分析法在绿色分析化学中的应用具有积极的促进作用。     

交叉束激光热透镜光度法的研究

激光热透镜光度法是一种高灵敏度光谱分析技术。本文用探测束非聚焦的He-Ne激光双光束交叉热透镜技术研究了影响热透镜灵敏度的几个因素,并对远场光斑截面内信号强度分布进行了测定,对实验结果进行了讨论。在正交束构型的最佳参数下,检测了1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)-Co(Ⅲ)的氯仿溶液,得到最小吸光度为1.17×10~(-6),相当于1.7 ng/mL的     

散射背景下激光热透镜光谱分析法测定人体血清中锌量

建立了散射背景下测定人体血清中Zn^2＋含量的激光热透镜光谱分析方法。比较了蛋白质微粒散射对于分光光度法和激光热透镜光谱分析法测定的影响。结果表明，激光热透镜光谱分析方法能够避免溶液中存留蛋白质微粒散射的影响。Zn^2＋量在0～1．6μg/mL范围内呈线性关系（r=0．9986），检出限为1ng/mL。应用于人体血清中Zn^2＋含量的测定，与原子吸收法测定结果基本一致。     

催化激光热透镜光谱法测定铜

基于铜催化邻苯二胺氧化反应,以激光热透镜光谱法测定微量铜,讨论了测定条件的影响。结果表明,该方法测定灵敏度高,在0．2－1．2μg/L铜（Ⅱ）浓度范围内呈线性关系,重现性及回收率实验均取得满意的结果。     

脉冲激光热透镜光度法的研究Ⅰ.钕的测定

本文采用探测激光非聚焦型光学结构,用自装的热透镜实验装置,研究了溶液中Nd~(3+)的热透镜行为和影响热透镜效应的一些因素。用热透镜光度法直接分析了混合轻稀土氧化物样品中钕的含量。大量共存的镧、铈、镨不干扰测定。用1.8mJ/脉冲的加热激光能量,检出限为3.2×10~(-5)吸光度。     

强脉冲激光激发的热透镜光度分析法

用自装的热透镜测量装置,观察了强脉冲激光作用下的热透镜行为。测量丙酮/水混合液中的Cocl₂,检测限为3×10^-7M,相当于6×10^-6的吸光度。将差分放大技术用于热透镜测量,降低了He-Ne激光振幅噪声的影响,改善了信噪比。     

分光光度法与激光热透镜光谱分析法测定高散射物质光吸收的比较

通过理论和实验比较了分光光度法与激光热透镜光谱分析法在高散射背景下测量物质光吸收的差异。研究了在不同含量纳米TiO2的散射背景下，散射对分光光度法和热透镜光谱分析法测定耐尔蓝溶液含量的影响。结果表明，分光光度法对具有光散射性质试样的测定存在较大误差，而激光热透镜光谱分析法能较好的避免散射影响，测定结果准确。实验结果与理论分析相一致。     

激光热透镜分析法测定土壤中水溶性磷

采用激光热透镜分析法进行了土壤中水溶性磷的测定。研究了测定磷的各种影响因素及土壤中水溶性磷的浸提率与固液比和浸提时间的关系，表明聚乙烯醇的存在能增强热透镜信号强度，并使显色体系稳定５ｈ以上。采用该方法进行土壤中水溶性磷的测定，磷含量在１．５～３０μｇ／Ｌ之间与热透镜信号强度成线性关系，检出限为０．３μｇ／Ｌ。为土壤分析中痕量磷的测定提供了一种高灵敏度分析方法。     

池后透镜对探测束非聚焦脉冲热透镜信号特性的影响

用探测束聚焦构型，试验了池后透镜的焦距和位置对同轴脉冲热透镜信号特性及其远场信号强度分布的影响。讨论了构型几何参之间的关系。在选定条件下，测定ＣＣｌ４中的苯，可测最低浓度１．１２×１０＾－＾３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，相当于４．５×１０＾－＾７ｃｍ吸收。     

Radiation in archaeometry: archaeological dating

Crystalline inclusions contained in ceramics act as thermoluminescent dosimeters, the irradiation source being the natural radiation environment. Because of this, various ceramic materials (pottery, bricks, cooked clays, bronze clay-cores) have been dated by thermoluminescence (TL). A short review of the main possibilities of TL dating is given, with some examples that enlighten the advantages and limits of this method in the field of archaeological dating, compared to TL dating of buildings. The assessment of the chronology of Valdivia culture (Ecuador), based on a three-year project of TL dating, is presented and discussed. The overall uncertainty at around 4–5% can be considered the best limit presently available. The uncertainty distribution found among 700 archaeological TL datings and for about 500 building TL datings is also presented.     

Thermoluminescence from extended-chain crystals of polyethylene

Thermoluminescence (TL) has been observed in γ-irradiated extended-chain crystals of polyethylene above room temperature. The TL curve, which exhibits four peaks at 50, 90, 120, and 140°C, is different from that given by folded-chain crystals, in both shape and intensity. In particular, a shape, strong glow peak is observed at 140°C, corresponding to the melting temperature of the extended chain crystals. These results are discussed in relation to independent measurements by differential scanning calorimetry and electron spin resonance.     

Searching for precision of a new “luminescence clock” in dating calcitic rocks

The novel method of thermoluminescence (TL) dating of megalithic (cyclopean) limestone monuments and/or marble statues will be briefly reviewed. The problems and recent examples to be discussed include: (a) the determination of the accumulated archaeological dose, Dar, (b) the sample homogeneity, (c) the scattering in TL measurements, (d) the rate in solar bleaching of TL, and (e) dose-plateau inconsistencies. In retrospect, the solar bleaching of TL in some marbles refers to at least 30 mm depth, the scattering of TL measurements at best varies around ±10%, and the partial bleaching technique should be prudently applied for Dar determination. The extension of this method to date (by TL or OSL) for other rock types is discussed.     

Sm(TTA)3phen的摩擦发光及发光现象与配体性质的关系研究

发现了Sm(TTA)3phen的摩擦发光现象(TL), 并对其TL光谱进行了表征. 实验结果显示, TL仍属于Sm3+离子的特征发射. 研究了稀土配合物摩擦发光现象与配体性质之间的关系, 发现配体分子的结构和性质对稀土配合物的TL性质有重要的影响: 具有强电子给体-受体(D-A)体系的配体分子有利于形成摩擦发光配合物, 且配体分子应具有一定的刚性, 从而有利于配合物形成良好的晶体.     

Methods for routine control of irradiated food: Determination of the irradiation status of shellfish by thermoluminescence analysis

In some countries, clearance has been given for treating certain types of shellfish by ionizing radiation in order to increase the shelf-life and to reduce health hazards which might be caused by contaminating microorganisms. In the present study, thermoluminescence (TL) analysis was used to examine the irradiation status of shellfish products purchased from local suppliers. For analysis minerals were isolated from the guts of the animals. Although on none of the examined products an irradiation treatment prior to analysis could be shown, the results obtained on non-irradiated and irradiated products have revealed that irradiation within the commercially used dose range can clearly be detected. Already first glow TL intensities of minerald indicated irradiation treatments. Normalized TL signals of non-irradiated and irradiated samples were clearly separated. By calculation of differences of TL intensities and TL signals between non-irradiated and irradiated samples in dependency of integration temperature an optimized integration area for glow curves was determined. The result of this study agree well with results obtained by two large-scale intercomparisons between food control laboratories to detect irradiation treatment of spices and herbal products as well as of fruit and vegetables by TL analysis of contaminating minerals.     

The dose-response relationship for tumourigenesis by UV radiation in the region 311-312 nm

Groups of hairless mice were irradiated daily with Philips TL01 UVB sources. This type of lamp has become available recently and was developed for UVB phototherapy of psoriasis. The TL01 emits radiation in a narrow band around 311-312 nm. Tumours developed on all animals. The dose-response relationship had practically the same shape as that found in a similar experiment with Westinghouse FS40 sunlamps; the tumour induction time appeared to be proportional to the daily dose to a power of -0.58. An additional experiment was performed with a TL01 from which the shorter wavelengths were filtered away. This reduced the carcinogenic effectiveness by a factor of 2.3. The potential of the filtered lamp for phototherapy of psoriasis is discussed.     

COMPARATIVE POTENCY OF BROAD-BAND AND NARROW-BAND PHOTOTHERAPY SOURCES TO INDUCE EDEMA, SUNBURN CELLS AND UROCANIC ACID PHOTOISOMERIZATION IN HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN

The Philips TL01 narrow-band (311–313 nm) fluorescent lamp provides effective phototherapy for psoriasis and atopic eczema while emitting less erythemogenic radiation than conventional broad-band ( e.g . Philips TL12; 270–350 nm) sources. We studied the potency of TL01 and TL12 radiation to induce edema and sunburn cells (SBC) and to photoisomerize naturally occumng trans- urocanic acid (UCA) to cis -UCA in hairless mouse skin. Cis -UCA has immunosuppressive properties and is a putative mediator of UV-induced suppression of immune responses. For each source, there was UV dose dependence for all three responses. Within the dose ranges used, the potency ratio of TL12: TL01 radiation to induce equivalent edema and SBC was about 6:1. However, the potency ratio to induce cis-IJCA was less than 2.3:1. Therefore, at a given level of edema or SBC induction, TL01 was more efficient than TL12 at UCA photoisomerization. The TL01 induction of immunomodulating cis -UCA, while causing minimal skin injury, may relate to the therapeutic efficacy of this source in skin conditions with an immunological component.     

Effect of molecular weight distribution on the structure and mechanical properties of ultradrawn,ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene cast from solution. I. Thermoluminescence and NMR

Ultradrawing of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) films produced by gelation/crystallization from solution was investigated using thermoluminescence (TL), DSC, and pulsed NMR. The TL from an x-irradiated UHMW-PE gel film is considerably affected by ultradrawing. The TL glow peak is correlated with the α_c dispersion of the crystalline phase in the UHMW-PE gel film. The TL integrated intensity is weak for folded-chain crystals but strong for extended-chain crystals. An extra higher TL peak, observed for samples drawn 150x, is related to the appearance of some highly extended tie-chains in the interfacial region in the process of ultradrawing. On the basis of the above observations, the effects of molecular weight distribution on the morphology of UHMW-PE gel film are examined. It is concluded that B-PE (Broad MWD) having a broader MWD has better drawability than N-PE; but at a given draw ratio, higher modulus and tensile strength are realized for N-PE (Narrow MWD).     

Effect of UV-absorbing agents on photodegradation of tranilast in oily gels

Tranilast (TL) oily gels containing UV-absorbing agents (UV absorber) were prepared, and the effect of the agents against photodegradation of TL was investigated. When 0.1% TL oily gel without UV absorber was exposed to light, TL was photochemically decomposed to the extent of 74.1% of its initial content at the end of the first hour. Although there were differences in the preventive effect on photodegradation of TL depending on the UV absorbers employed, 2-(2-benzotriazolyl)-p-cresol (BTPC) was the most effective absorber. The addition of UV absorbers to the oily gel did not affect the release of TL from the gel, the skin permeation, or the skin concentration of TL following topical application. UV absorbers added to TL oily gel penetrated into skin; however, their concentration in skin was similar to that following application of commercial sunscreen. These results suggest that the addition of UV absorbers to the oily gel of TL may be useful in preventing photodegradation of TL in the gel.     

Extending the application potential of capillary electrophoresis/frontal analysis for drug-plasma protein studies by combining it with mass spectrometry detection

CE/frontal analysis (CE/FA) is probably one of the most frequently used modes of CE for studying affinity interactions. It is typically performed with classic UV-Vis detection that suffers from low concentration sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, the applicability of CE/FA in combination with ESI-MS detection for the investigation of drug–HSA interactions was demonstrated. The developed new method combines the advantages of CE/FA, such as low sample consumption and no labeling or immobilization of interacting partners, with the benefits of MS detection, such as higher selectivity and sensitivity; moreover, it can be used for molecules lacking a fluorophore or chromophore. The binding parameters of tolbutamide (TL) and glimepiride (GLP), first- and second-generation antidiabetics that differ strongly in their solubility in aqueous solutions, were investigated by this CE/FA-MS method. This method, in contrast to the CE/FA method with the most commonly used UV-Vis detection, is more sensitive; an almost three times lower LOD was reached. The binding parameters of TL and GLP were investigated by this CE/FA-MS method and compared with the literature data. The binding constant value of TL obtained by UV-Vis detection was lower than the value obtained by the method hyphenated with MS detection, which is probably given by the influence of the ESI parameters on the stability of drug–HSA complex. In addition, the ratio of TL and HSA concentrations was divergent in both of the experimental approaches. Finally, it can be concluded that both detection methods have their strengths and weaknesses.