蜡烛火焰三维温度场重建实验研究

本文在实验室中以蜡烛火焰为研究对象,研究采用辐射图像处理技术重建蜡烛三维温度场。并采用细丝热电偶实测火焰局部温度,对蜡烛火焰三维温度场可视化的结果进行了比较。结果表明,火焰高温区的重建温度是合理的,此方法能够很好地重建单峰、双峰三维温度分布。进一步证实了基于火焰图像处理技术实现三维温度场可视化的可行性。     

蜡烛火焰振荡行为的实验探究

燃烧的火焰在一定条件下会呈现出时间上的周期振荡行为,但人们对其背后的动力学机制一直不是很清楚。本文首先利用纹影法对蜡烛的火焰振荡行为进行了实验研究,发现随着火焰尺寸的增加火焰首先从平稳燃烧变为振荡燃烧,之后火焰的振荡频率会逐渐降低。通过简化的燃烧动力学模型,文中进一步对蜡烛火焰的振荡行为进行了数值和理论分析,发现火焰的振荡频率密切依赖于燃料的供应速率和火焰的体积。随着燃料供应速率和火焰体积的增大,火焰首先经历了一次霍普夫分岔进而从平稳燃烧变为振荡燃烧,之后火焰的振荡频率逐渐降低。理论分析结果与实验结论定性吻合。     

火焰烟黑三维温度场和浓度场同时重建实验研究

利用电荷耦合器件摄像机采用烟黑温度场和浓度场同时重建模型对自由火焰烟黑的三维温度场和浓度场进行了同时重建实验研究,所利用的重建模型是基于区域重建的方法.将重建的烟黑温度场和浓度场与文献结果进行了对比,而且还将重建温度场与热电偶所测量的温度场进行了对比.结果表明,重建的烟黑温度场和浓度场与文献结果趋势相一致,重建温度值与热电偶测量值符合较好.因此,同时重建模型可以较好地重建出火焰烟黑的三维温度场和浓度场. 关键词： 火焰烟黑 温度场 浓度场 三维同时重建     

微重力环境中的蜡烛火焰

对蜡烛火焰动态特征的分析表明,从正常重力状态过渡到微重力状态,火焰的空气动力学特征比质量和能量的传输特征的变化快。通过一台差分干涉仪首次测量得到了微重力环境中蜡烛火焰的温度。结果表明,微重力蜡烛火焰的温度小于正常重力蜡烛火焰的温度。微重力蜡烛火焰之所以呈蓝色是因为其温度小于烟黑生成的阈值温度1300K。但当环境氧浓度足够高时,火焰温度大于烟黑生成的阈值温度,火焰中明显有烟黑生成,颜色为亮黄色。     

全息干涉技术测量酒精灯火焰温度场分布

利用激光全息干涉原理测量酒精灯火焰温度分布,通过二次曝光的方法,获得了酒精灯火焰干涉条纹。利用Matlab数字图像处理技术,对干涉图像进行了简单的处理,实现了对火焰干涉条纹位置的准确判读。根据环带法和环带内折射率定常假设,并采用计算机辅助编程计算,对酒精灯温度场进行反演,对各级条纹对应的温度值进行标定,获得了酒精灯火焰温度场的分布规律。     

多光谱辐射层析重建三维火焰温度场

提出一种基于多光谱辐射测温理论及光学层析技术的三维温度场重建方法。建立了基于参考温度的多光谱测温法数学模型，提出了一种基于模拟退火理论的变松弛因子的光学层析技术新算法，通过计算机数值模拟，详细考察了该算法对非对称温度场分布的重建效果并与传统的代数迭代重建算法及滤波反投影算法进行比较。计算结果表明，变弛豫因子重建算法重建精度最高。作为一个应用实例，用多光谱辐射变弛豫因子重建层析方法重建了四峰蜡烛火焰某一截面的温度分布。     

基于单光场相机的火焰三维温度场测量

相比于传统相机,光场相机不仅可记录投射到相机探测器上光线的强度,而且能分辨光线的方向。本文在光场成像技术基础上,提出一种基于单光场相机的火焰三维温度场测量新方法。建立了基于光场成像的火焰辐射正向计算模型,追迹了燃烧火焰投射到光场相机探测器上每个像素对应的辐射光线,并用源项六流法(SSF)计算了对应光线的辐射强度,获得了光场相机探测面强度分布。建立了基于QR分解的最小二乘算法温度场反演模型,获得了火焰的三维温度场,并对温度场反演结果进行了分析。计算结果证明了该方法测量火焰三维温度场的可行性。     

高雷诺数下的圆柱绕流问题——以蜡烛燃烧为例

本文针对高雷诺数下的圆柱绕流问题,以火焰熄灭为例进行了相关的实验研究.结果表明在一定范围内,火焰熄灭时间与障碍物直径、蜡烛与障碍物之间的距离、蜡烛燃烧速率成正比关系,与气流流速成反比关系.通过分析发现实验数据与理论分析一致,说明了文章的实验方法可行、结论正确,为深入研究圆柱绕流、火焰燃烧问题及二者之间的联系提供了重要支撑.     

双蜡烛火焰振荡的纹影光学探究

两根相同的燃烧蜡烛17 mm的间距时，可以观察到它们火焰的同步和异步振动。为了探究蜡烛火焰振动原因，通过搭建反射式纹影光路，实现了蜡烛火焰气流场的可视化观察。随着两根蜡烛的靠近，双蜡烛火焰上方气流场会从无耦合的平流状态过度到相互耦合的湍流状态，而湍流区域向下扩散到火焰区域是导致火焰振动的原因。燃烧过程中火焰体积的不对称性涨落导致振荡火焰在同步与异步振荡之间切换；而燃烧过程中火焰周围气流的稳定，则会导致两振荡火焰解耦，湍流层上升离开火焰，火焰恢复稳定燃烧。     

基于截断奇异值分解的三维火焰温度场重建研究

利用CCD摄像机得到的火焰辐射能图像进行炉膛三维火焰温度场重建，但温度重建矩阵方程是一个不适定方程组，从而重建问题是一个不适定问题.应用截断奇异值分解(truncated singular value decomposition，TSVD)的正则化方法对该不适定方程组进行求解，并且采用了L曲线法对正则化参数进行选取.结合重建算例，采用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition，SVD)与离散Picard条件对这个不适定问题进行了分析.重建结果表明，在不同的模拟测量误差下，TSVD能够成功得到合理的解，重建温度场较好的再现了原始假设温度场的特征.     

3-D flame temperature field reconstruction with multiobjective neural network

A novel 3-D temperature field reconstruction method is proposed in this paper, which is based on multi-wavelength thermometry and Hopfield neural network computed tomography. A mathematical model of multi-wavelength thermometry is founded, and a neural network algorithm based on multiobjective optimization is developed. Through computer simulation and comparison with the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the filter back-projection algorithm (FBP), the reconstruction result of the new method is discussed in detail. The study shows that the new method always gives the best reconstruction results. At last, temperature distribution of a section of four peaks candle flame is reconstructed with this novel method.     

蜡烛火焰的光谱分析

利用光池多道分析仪（ＯＭＡⅢ）获得了蜡烛火焰光谱的空间分布并解释了蜡烛火焰不均匀分布的原因。     

Temperature measurement of dilute hydrogen flame by digital laser-speckle technique

In this paper, temperature measurement of axisymmetric dilute hydrogen flame is described using digital laser-speckle technique, which allows the measurement of refractive index field of the flame without any tracers. The measurement system consists of laser and CCD camera, which are placed in-line configuration. The temperature field of the flame is derived from the refractive index field using the cross-correlation analysis of the speckle pattern with and without flame. The influence of the species concentration on the temperature measurement is evaluated from the gas composition in the flame using gas chromatography. It is found that the temperature field measured by the present method with concentration correction agrees with that of the thermocouple measurement within an experimental accuracy, suggesting the usefulness of this measurement technique.     

火焰长度的图像测量方法研究

提出了一种火焰长度的测量方法。该方法利用彩色面阵CCD相机获得火焰图像；根据火焰辐射强度和亮度之间的理论关系，提出了基于图像亮度来提取火焰图像；依据提取的火焰图像，提出了一种确定火焰边界和计算火焰长度的算法。最后用蜡烛在实验室进行了试验验证。利用Matlab提取火焰亮度图像，并进行了滤波处理；利用Visual C＃编程技术，依据所提取的火焰边界和长度计算方法，得到火焰实际长度。该方法代替了传统的手工测量，操作方便、简单。试验表明该方法能达到理想的测量结果。     

Modelling of candle burning with a self-trimmed wick

As an example of a coupled gas-phase diffusion flame with porous media flow, a candle burning model with a porous wick is offered in this paper. The porous media analysis includes capillarity-induced liquid flow, liquid vaporisation, vapour motion and re-condensation and multi-phase heat transfer. Coupling with the gas phase flame is through the conservation of mass, momentum and energy at the wick surface. The steady state solutions obtained not only yield the flame structure but also the detailed flow pattern and saturation distributions inside the wick. One of the novel features of the present model is the capability to address the self-trimming phenomena of candle burning. The self-trimming wick length and the associated flame characteristics have been computed as a function of gravity level, wick permeability and wick diameter.     

Radiation of some fractal structures

The fractal properties of a candle flame and fractal discharges are considered. The fractal concept is applied to ball lightning.     

Experimental investigation of the effect of magnetic field on temperature and temperature profile of diffusion flame using circular grating Talbot interferometer

The effect of magnetic field on temperature and temperature profile of diffusion flame is investigated by using circular grating Talbot interferometer. Talbot interferometric fringes are recorded for diffusion flame generated by butane torch burner, in the absence of magnetic field, in the presence of uniform magnetic field, upward-decreasing and upward-increasing magnetic field. Analysis of recorded interferogram reveals that the temperature of the flame is increased under the influence of the upward-decreasing magnetic field and flame temperature is decreased under the influence of upward-increasing magnetic field. Uniform magnetic field has a negligible effect on temperature of the flame.