常见光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的应用

植物油品质检测技术中,以光谱技术为代表的更为简单方便、快速而不失准确性的无损检测技术为市场所需要。该文从植物油组成成分、市场售卖植物油掺假现状两方面对植物油的品质相关指标进行了介绍,着重介绍了红外光谱技术、拉曼光谱技术、荧光光谱技术、紫外光谱技术等不同光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的研究进展和应用现状,最后提出了光谱技术在植物油品质检测发展中的瓶颈,并对光谱技术在植物油品质检测中应用前景进行了展望。     

原位被动采样技术*

本文介绍了近些年来环境监测中三种新的原位被动采样技术-透析装置（Dialysis peepers）法、薄膜扩散平衡 (DET) 技术和薄膜扩散梯度 (DGT) 技术。综述了三种技术的原理、装置和特点。着重论述了三种技术在环境中的应用研究,包括透析装置以及DET 技术和DGT联用技术测量水体和沉积物孔隙水中可溶性金属的浓度;DGT技术可以作为一种预测重金属生物可利用性的新方法。DGT技术与其他技术（如DET、高离子选择电极、配体交换法、HPLC-ICP-MS等）联用可以更好地测量环境中重金属的形态。最后展望了原位被动采样技术未来的发展。     

新一代分子印迹技术*

分子印迹技术近年来有了迅速的发展,出现了新的分子印迹聚合物的制备技术。本文综述了分子印迹新技术的研究进展。并着重介绍了分子印迹膜技术的发展、组合分子印迹技术、分子印迹微球制备技术、非水凝胶印迹柱的制备技术和新功能单体的应用等新技术。     

应用互动反馈技术优化化学课堂教学

利用互动反馈技术可以取得即时而全面的课堂反馈信息。介绍了互动反馈技术的定义、工作原理;阐述了基于互动反馈技术的化学教学策略;应用互动反馈技术有利于强化协同效应,有利于优化课堂反馈测查;分析了化学课堂教学中运用互动反馈技术的优势。互动反馈技术在化学课堂中的应用有较大的前景。     

色谱分析中的串联技术

样品中物质信息的获取离不开分离和检测,对于复杂样品的分析,简单的一维色谱方法常常难以完成所有组分的分离和鉴定。为此,多种色谱串联技术引起了人们的广泛关注。色谱串联技术包括柱串联技术、检测器串联技术、多维色谱等。该文详细介绍了以上3种串联技术（不包括色谱-质谱联用技术）自2010年以来的最新研究进展,以及这些技术在获取样品中更加全面和精准的信息方面的典型应用。最后对色谱串联分析技术的发展进行了总结和展望。     

分析仪器行业近20年技术发展趋势

近20年来,微电子技术、计算机技术、精密机械技术、薄膜技术、网络技术、纳米技术、激光技术和生物技术等高新技术得到了迅猛发展,使分析仪器技术领域发生了根本性的变革,正朝着微型化、智能化、自动化和网络化方向迅速迈进。     

有色金属冶炼中含砷物料的除砷技术研究现状

综述了砷对冶金、环境以及人类的危害,阐述了冶金工业中含砷物料的除砷技术的发展现状,介绍了各种技术的原理、应用,分析了各种技术的优缺点,展望了除砷技术的发展方向。     

有色金属冶炼中含砷物料的除砷技术研究现状

综述了砷对冶金、环境以及人类的危害,阐述了冶金工业中含砷物料的除砷技术的发展现状,介绍了各种技术的原理、应用,分析了各种技术的优缺点,展望了除砷技术的发展方向。     

构建基于设计的化工技术内容教学模式——以“接触室”教学为例

分析了化学课程中化工技术内容的教学价值,发现此类内容不仅是学生获取技术知识的载体,同时也是掌握技术方法、形成技术观念的载体。为更好地发挥化工技术内容的教学价值,构建了基于设计的教学模式。     

基因芯片检测技术的一些进展

简单回顾了基因芯片检测技术的发展 ,讨论了进一步改进基因芯片检测技术的若干问题 ,介绍了基因芯片检测技术研究开发的一些最新进展。     

近年国内固相萃取-色谱分析的进展

对近两年国内各个领域的学者在使用固相萃取做样品前处理的色谱分析方面的研究和应用作了综述, 这一综述包括10个部分: 1. 国内近两年有关固相萃取的综述报告;2. 固相萃取-色谱分析在水质分析中的应用;3. 固相萃取-色谱分析在奶制品和肉类食品分析中的应用;4. 固相萃取-色谱用于蔬菜和水果中有害物质分析的应用;5. 固相萃取-色谱用于粮食和其他食品中有害物质分析的应用;6. 固相萃取-色谱在血药浓度、体液及组织中有害物质分析中的应用;7. 固相萃取-色谱在药物分析中的应用;8. 固相萃取-色谱在其他使用色谱分析中的应用;9. 基质固相分散在色谱分析中的应用;10. 分子印迹SPE在样品前处理中的应用.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Investigation of the electrophoretic composition of the proteins of cottonplant pollen grains

We have studied the proteins of the pollen and ovules of the cotton plant. No differences were observed in the electrophoregrams of the proteins from Gossypium hirsutum L. and from G. barbadense L. In the spectrum of the pollen proteins, the main components quantitatively were polypeptides with molecular masses of 34, 44, 47, and 52 kDa. The species G. raimondii Ulbr. differed considerably, with the main polypeptides quantitatively having molecular masses of 27, 36, 46, and 58 kDa. In representatives of genomic group C, interspecies differences were observed in the protein spectra of the pollen. No appreciable differences were observed spectrally in the proteins of the cottonplant ovules.Biolog Scientific Production Combine, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Institute of Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent ul. F. Khodzhaeva, 28. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 454–456, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted September 13, 1994.     

Chemical composition of the essential oil ofArtemisia glabella

The results are given of the gas-chromatographic analysis in a nonpolar capillary column, after preliminary separation by means of adsorption chromatography on alumina, of samples of the essential oils of three populations of the endemic speciesArtemisia glabella Kar. et Kir. (Asteraceae) of Kazakhstan. The complex component composition of the samples of essential oils was practically independent of the conditions of the growth site. The results obtained witness a chemosystematic difference betweenA. glabella andA. obtusiloba.Institute of Phytochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, fax (3212) 433144, e-mail: arglabin@phyto.karaganda.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 193–196, March–April, 1999.     

Theoretical conformational analysis of the methylamides of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-proline and N-acetyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine. I

Summary 1. The most preferred forms of the compounds Ac-L-Ala-L-Pro-NHMe participating in a conformational equilibrium are characterized by both the trans and the cis configurations of the tertiary amide group.2. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the conformations of Ac-L-Ala-L-Pro-NHMe realized is unlikely.3. The conformational states of the compounds Ac-L-Pro-L-Ala-NHMe with the trans configurations of the tertiary amide group are most probable. In nonpolar media a probability of the formation of structures with hydrogen bonds is high.4. The conformational distribution of the fragments -X-Pro- and -Pro-X- in proteins agrees satisfactorily with the calculated values of the energy of the optimum forms of the corresponding dipeptides, Ac-L-Ala-L-Pro-NHMe and Ac-L-Pro-L-Ala-NHMe.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 618–626, September–October, 1975.     

Method for efficient computation of the density of states in water-explicit biopolymer simulations on a lattice

We present a method for fast computation of the density of states of binary systems. The contributions of each of the components to the density of states can be separated based on the conditional independence of the individual components' degrees of freedom. The conditions establishing independence are the degrees of freedom of the interfacial region between the two components. The separate contributions of the components to the density of states can then be calculated using the Wang-Landau algorithm [Wang, F.; Landau, D. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 2050]. We apply this method to a 2D lattice model of a hydrophobic homopolymer in water that exhibits protein-like cold, pressure, and thermal unfolding. The separate computation of the protein and water density of states contributions is faster and more accurate than the combined simulation of both components and allows for the investigation of larger systems.     

A study of the conformational states of cyclopeptide systems

Summary 1. An empirical method for the quantitative determination of the number of NH groups of different types in peptides based on measurements of the integral intensity of the amide A bands in the IR spectra has been developed.2. The IR spectra of the diastereomeric cyclohexaalanyls in CHCl₃ solutions have been studied; they indicate the participation of an average of four NH groups in IMBHs.3. On the basis of a theoretical conformational analysis and of dipole-moment measurements, the system of IMHBs and the type of dominant conformation of the cyclohexapeptides in nonpolar solvents have been established.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 347–357, May–June, 1971.     

Herbicidal activity of culture filtrates of Trichoderma spp. against two problematic weeds of wheat

The herbicidal potential of culture filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai, Trichoderma reesei Simmons and Trichoderma viride Pers., was evaluated against two problematic weeds of wheat, Phalaris minor L. and Rumex dentatus L. In laboratory bioassays, generally, metabolites of all four Trichoderma species significantly reduced various root and shoot growth parameters of the two target weed species. The original concentrations of the culture filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In a foliar spray bioassay, the culture filtrates of all four Trichoderma spp. significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of R. dentatus. The effect of these filtrates on the shoot growth of P. minor and wheat was not significant. Culture filtrates of the four Trichoderma species were successively extracted with butanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. In detached leaf injection bioassays, n-hexane fractions (3 mg mL(-1)) of T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, and ethyl acetate fractions of T. horzianum and T. pseudokoningii were found to be toxic against R. dentatus. This study concludes that the culture filtrates of Trichoderma species have herbicidal potential in the control of R. dentatus.     

Lipids of the oils of the fruit and leaves ofHoppopha? rhamnoides

The analysis of some lipids of four forms of the common sea buckthorn has shown that they all differ with respect to the composition of the fatty acids of the triacylglycerols of the leaves. One of the forms is characterized by an infringement of the specificity of the composition of the fatty acids in positions 2 of the triacylglycerols of the oils of the seeds and the leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 710–715, November–December, 1981.     

Protein content, activity and amino acid composition of proteinase inhibitors of seeds of some varieties of pea and their hybrids

The results are given of a study of the quantitative content of protein in the seeds of some pea varieties and mutants, the activity of the total inhibitor proteins, and correlations of their activity with the protein content of the seeds and the amino acid compositions of the proteinase inhibitors. Considerable differences have been found in the amounts of a number of amino acids of the protein inhibitors of parental varieties and mutants of the pea, the amounts of serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and valine correlating positively with the inhibitor activity.Institute of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Tadzhik SSR Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe. V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Tadzhik SSR Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 399–404, May–June, 1988.