Characterization of the Transformation Group of the Space of a Null System

In the space I_r of the invariant r-dimensional subspaces of a null system in (2r +1)-dimensional projective space, W.L. Chow characterized the basic group of transformations of I_r as all the transformations φ: I_r → I_r which are bijective and such that φ and φ^?1 preserve adjacency. In the present paper we examine arbitrary mappings φ of I_r which satisfy the two conditions: 1. φ preserves adjacency. 2. For any a ∈ I_r there exists b ∈ I_r such that a^φ ∩ b^φ = ø.     

The resolvent of a dilation-analytic three-particle system

If the potential in a three-particle system is the boundary value of an analytic function, the physical Hamiltonian H(0) has a dilation-analytic continuation H(φ). The continuous spectrum of H(φ) consists of half-lines Y(λ_p, φ) starting at the thresholds λ_p of scattering channels and making angles 2φ with the positive real axis. If the interaction is the sum of local two-body potentials in suitable $\text{L}$^p-spaces, each half-line Y(λ_p, φ) is associated with an operator P(λ_p, φ) that projects onto an invariant subspace of H(φ). Suppose Y(λ_p, φ) does not pass through any two- or three-particle eigenvalues λ ≠ λ_p when φ runs through some interval $\text{0 < α ? φ ? β <}\text{π}\text{2}$. For φ in [α, β], this paper shows that the resolvent R(λ, φ) has smoothness properties near Y(λ_p, φ) that are sufficient for P(λ_p, φ)[H(φ) ? λ_p] e^?2iφ to be spectral and to generate a strongly differentiable group. The projection, the group, and the spectral resolution operators are norm continuous in φ. These results are not affected by any spurious poles of the resolvent equation. At a spurious pole λ = λ_p + ze^2iφ, the resolvent R(λ_p + ze^2iφ,φ) is examined by a method that uses two resolvent equations in succession and shows that there is norm continuity in z, φ. The case of spurious poles on Y(λ_p, φ) is included.     

Fourier transforms of smooth functions on certain nilpotent Lie groups

The authors consider irreducible representations $\text{π ?}\text{N}\text{?}$ of a nilpotent Lie group and define a Fourier transform for Schwartz class (and other) functions φ on N by forming the kernels K_φ(x, y) of the trace class operations π_φ = ∝_Nφ(n)π_ndn, regarding the π as modeled in L²(R^k) for all π in general position. For a special class of groups they show that the models, and parameters λ labeling the representations in general position, can be chosen so the joint behavior of the kernels K_φ(x, y, λ) can be interpreted in a useful way. The variables (x, y, λ) run through a Zariski open set in Rⁿ, n = dim N. The authors show there is a polynomial map u = A(x, y, λ) that is a birational isomorphism A: Rⁿ → Rⁿ with the following properties. The Fourier transforms F₁φ = K_φ(x, y, λ) all factor through A to give “rationalized” Fourier transforms Fφ(u) such that Fφ ° A = F₁φ. On the rationalized parameter space a function f(u) is of the form F_φ = f ? f is Schwartz class on Rⁿ. If polynomial operators T?P(N) are transferred to operators $\text{T}\text{?}$ on Rⁿ such that $\text{F(Tφ) =}\text{T}\text{?}\text{(Fφ), P(N)}$ is transformed isomorphically to P(Rⁿ).     

On some geometric and topological properties of generalized Orlicz–Lorentz sequence spaces

Generalized Orlicz–Lorentz sequence spaces λ_φ generated by Musielak‐Orlicz functions φ satisfying some growth and regularity conditions (see [28] and [33]) are investigated. A regularity condition δ^λ ₂ for φ is defined in such a way that it guarantees many positive topological and geometric properties of λ_φ. The problems of the Fatou property, the order continuity and the Kadec–Klee property with respect to the uniform convergence of the space λ_φ are considered. Moreover, some embeddings between λ_φ and their two subspaces are established and strict monotonicity as well as lower and upper local uniform monotonicities are characterized. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for rotundity of λ_φ, their subspaces of order continuous elements and finite dimensional subspaces are presented. This paper generalizes the results from [19], [4] and [17]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the strongest locally convex Lebesgue topology on Orlicz spaces

Let L^φ be an Orlicz space defined by an Orlicz function φ taking only finite values with ${{\rm lim\ inf}\atop {u\rightarrow \infty}}{\varphi(u)\over u} >0$ (not necessarily convex) over a complete, σ-finite and atomless measure space and let L^φ)_n ^～ stand for the order continuous dual of Lφ. Then the strongest locally convex Lebesgue topology τ on Lφ (= the Mackey topology τ(Lφ, (Lφ)_n ^～) is equal to the restriction of the strongest Lebesgue topology η on $L^{\overline\varphi}$ , where $\overline\varphi$ is the convex minorant of φ and τ is generated by a family of norms defined by some convex Orlicz functions.     

An extremal problem related to Kolmogoroff’s inequality for bounded functions

LetA andB be positive numbers andm andn positive integers,m. Then there is for complex valued functions φ onR with sufficient differentiability and boundedness properties a representation wherev ₁ andv ₂ are bounded Borel measures withv ₁ absolutely continuous, such that there exists a function φ with ∣φ⁽ⁿ⁾∣ ?A and ∣φ∣ ?A onR and satisfying $$\varphi ^{(m)} (0) = A\int_R {\left| {d\nu _1 } \right|} + B\int_R {\left| {d\nu _2 } \right|} .$$ This result is formulated and proved in a general setting also applicable to derivatives of fractional order. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given in order that the measures and the optimal functions have the same essential properties as those which occur in the particular case stated above.     

Harmonic analysis and asymptotic behavior of solutions to the abstract cauchy problem

LetC _ub ( $\mathbb{J}$ , X) denote the Banach space of all uniformly continuous bounded functions defined on $\mathbb{J}$ 2 ε {?⁺, ?} with values in a Banach spaceX. Let ? be a class fromC _ub( $\mathbb{J}$ ,X). We introduce a spectrumsp?(φ) of a functionφ εC _ub (?,X) with respect to ?. This notion of spectrum enables us to investigate all twice differentiable bounded uniformly continuous solutions on ? to the abstract Cauchy problem (*)ω′(t) =Aω(t) +φ(t),φ(0) =x,φ ε ?, whereA is the generator of aC ₀-semigroupT(t) of bounded operators. Ifφ = 0 andσ(A) ∩i? is countable, all bounded uniformly continuous mild solutions on ?⁺ to (*) are studied. We prove the bound-edness and uniform continuity of all mild solutions on ?⁺ in the cases (i)T(t) is a uniformly exponentially stableC ₀-semigroup andφ εC _ub(?,X); (ii)T(t) is a uniformly bounded analyticC ₀-semigroup,φ εC _ub (?,X) andσ(A) ∩i sp(φ) = Ø. Under the condition (i) if the restriction ofφ to ?⁺ belongs to ? = ?(?⁺,X), then the solutions belong to ?. In case (ii) if the restriction ofφ to ?⁺ belongs to ? = ?(?⁺,X), andT(t) is almost periodic, then the solutions belong to ?. The existence of mild solutions on ? to (*) is also discussed.     

Analysis of Symmetric Matrix Valued Functions

For any symmetric function f: ? ⁿ  → ? ⁿ , one can define a corresponding function on the space of n × n real symmetric matrices by applying f to the eigenvalues of the spectral decomposition. We show that this matrix valued function inherits from f the properties of continuity, Lipschitz continuity, strict continuity, directional differentiability, Fréchet differentiability, and continuous differentiability.     

Splitting Patterns and Invariants of Quadratic Forms

Let φ be an anisotropic quadratic form over a field F of characteristic not 2. The splitting pattern of φ is defined to be the increasing sequence of nonnegative integers obtained by considering the Witt indices i_W(φ_k) of φ over K where K ranges over all field extensions of F. Restating earlier results by HURRELBRINK and REHMANN , we show how the index of the Clifford algebra of φ influences the splitting pattern. In the case where F is formally real, we investigate how the signatures of φ influence the splitting behaviour. This enables us to construct certain splitting patterns which have been known to exist, but now over much “simpler” fields like formally real global fields or ?(t). We also give a full classification of splitting patterns of forms of dimension less than or equal to 9 in terms of properties of the determinant and Clifford invariant. Partial results for splitting patterns in dimensions 10 and 11 are also provided. Finally, we consider two anisotropic forms φ and φ of the same dimension m with φ ? ? φ ∈ Iⁿ F and give some bounds on m depending on n which assure that they have the same splitting pattern.     

Subnormal weighted translation semigroups

A weighted translation semigroup {S_t} on L²($\text{R}$₊) is defined by $\text{(S}{}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{f)(x) =}\text{(φ(x)}\text{φ(x ? t)}\text{)f(x ? t)}$ for x ? t and 0 otherwise, where φ is a continuous nonzero scalar-valued function on $\text{R}$₊. It is shown that {S_t} is subnormal if and only if φ² is the product of an exponential function and the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of an increasing function of total variation one. A necessary and sufficient condition for similarity of weighted translation semigroups is developed.     

The Exact Value of Normal Structure Coefficients and WCS coefficients in a Class of Orlicz Function Spaces

Let φ be an N-function. Then the normal structure coefficients N and the weakly convergent sequence coefficients WCS of the Orlicz function spaces L ^φ[0, 1] generated by φ and equipped with the Luxemburg and Orlicz norms have the following exact values. (i) If F _φ(t) = t _?(t)/φ(t) is decreasing and 1 < C _φ < 2 (where \(C_\Phi = \lim _{t \to + \infty } t\varphi (t)/\Phi (t)\)), then N(L ^(φ)[0, 1]) = N(L ^φ[0, 1]) = WCS(L ^(φ)[0, 1]) = WCS(L ^φ[0, 1]) = 2^1?1/Cφ. (ii) If F _φ(t) is increasing and C _φ > 2, then N(L ^(φ)[0, 1]) = N(L ^φ[0, 1]) = WCS(L ^(φ)[0, 1]) = WCS(L ^φ[0, 1]) = 2^1/Cφ.     

An extension of the theory of Fredholm determinants

Analytic functions are introduced, which are analogous to the Fredholm determinant, but may have only finite radius of convergence. These functions are associated with operators of the form ε μ(dω) ?_ω, where ?_ω φ(x) = ?_ω(x). φ(ψ_ω x), , φ belongs to a space of Hölder or C ^r functions, ?_ω is Hölder or C ^r , and ψ_ω is a contraction or a C ^r contraction. The results obtained extend earlier results by Haydn, Pollicott, Tangerman and the author on zeta functions of expanding maps.     

The Automorphism Group of a Free-by-Cyclic Group in Rank 2

Let φ be an automorphism of a free group F_n of rank n, and let M_φ = F_n ?_φ ? be the corresponding mapping torus of φ. We study the group Out(M_φ) under certain technical conditions on φ. Moreover, in the case of rank 2, we classify the cases when this group is finite or virtually cyclic, depending on the conjugacy class of the image of φ in GL₂(?). As an application, we solve the isomorphism problem for the family of F₂-by-? groups, in terms of the two defining automorphisms.     

Multiobjective programming and penalty functions

This paper generalizes the penalty function method of Zang-will for scalar problems to vector problems. The vector penalty function takes the form $$g(x,\lambda ) = f(x) + \lambda ^{ - 1} P(x)e,$$ wheree ?R ^m, with each component equal to unity;f:R ⁿ →R ^m, represents them objective functions {f ⁱ} defined onX \( \subseteq \) R ⁿ; λ ∈R ¹, λ>0;P:R ⁿ →R ¹ X \( \subseteq \) Z \( \subseteq \) R ⁿ,P(x)≦0, ∨x ∈R ⁿ,P(x) = 0 ?x ∈X. The paper studies properties of {E (Z, λ _r )} for a sequence of positive {λ _r } converging to 0 in relationship toE(X), whereE(Z, λ _r ) is the efficient set ofZ with respect tog(·, λ_r) andE(X) is the efficient set ofX with respect tof. It is seen that some of Zangwill's results do not hold for the vector problem. In addition, some new results are given.     

Reduced Load Equivalence under Subexponentiality

The stationary workload W _A+B ^φ of a queue with capacity φ loaded by two independent processes A and B is investigated. When the probability of load deviation in process A decays slower than both in B and $e^{ - \sqrt x } $ , we show that W _A+B ^φ is asymptotically equal to the reduced load queue W _A ^φ?b , where b is the mean rate of B. Given that this property does not hold when both processes have lighter than $e^{ - \sqrt x } $ deviation decay rates, our result establishes the criticality of $e^{ - \sqrt x } $ in the functional behavior of the workload distribution. Furthermore, using the same methodology, we show that under an equivalent set of conditions the results on sampling at subexponential times hold.     

Convergence of a subgradient method for computing the bound norm of matrices

Let φ and ψ be any norms on $\text{R}$^m and $\text{R}$ⁿ respectively. We study a subgradient method for computing the associated bound norm S_φψ(A) = sup{φ(Ax), ψ(x)?1} (a nonconvex optimization problem). It is proved that homodual method converges when one of the norms φ and ψ is polyhedral.     

Hyponormality of Toeplitz Operators with Polynomial Symbols: An Extremal Case

If T_φ is a hyponormal Toeplitz operator with polynomial symbol φ = ḡ + f (f, g ∈ H^∞ (𝕋 )) such that g divides f, and if ψ := then where μ is the leading coefficient of ψ and 𝒵(ψ) denotes the set of zeros of ψ. In this paper we present a necessary and sufficient condition for T_φ to be hyponormal when φ enjoys an extremal case in the above inequality, that is, equality holds in the above inequality.     

A Class of Operators on Lh 2

Let D be the open unit disc in ? and let L_h ² be the space of quadratic integrable harmonic functions defined on D. Let \(\varphi: {\bar D}\rightarrow {\rm C}\) be a function in L^∞(D) with the property that φ(b) = lim_x→b,x?Dφ(x) for all b ? ?D. Define the operator C_φ in L_h ² as follows: C_φf = Q(φ·f),f ? L_h ², where Q is the orthogonal projection from L² (D) on L_h ². The following results are proved. If φ¦_?D ≡ 0, then C_φ is a compact linear operator and if φ¦_?D vanishes nowhere, then C_φ is a Fredholm operator.     

Analysis of symmetric matrix valued functions I

For any symmetric function f:Rⁿ?Rⁿ$f:{\mathbb{R}}^n?{\mathbb{R}}^n$, one can define a corresponding function on the space of n×n$n\times n$ real symmetric matrices by applying f$f$ to the eigenvalues of the spectral decomposition. We show that this matrix valued function inherits from f$f$ the properties of continuity, Lipschitz continuity, strict continuity, directional differentiability, Frechet differentiability, continuous differentiability.     

On Σ1-definable Functions Provably Total in I ∏

We prove the following theorem: Let φ(x) be a formula in the language of the theory PA^? of discretely ordered commutative rings with unit of the form ?yφ′(x,y) with φ′ and let ∈ Δ₀ and let fφ: ? → ? such that f_φ(x) = y iff φ′(x,y) & (?z < y) φ′(x,z). If I ∏ ∈(?x ≥ 0), φ then there exists a natural number K such that I ∏ ? ?y?x(x > y ? ?φ(x) < x^K). Here I ∏₁^? denotes the theory PA^? plus the scheme of induction for formulas φ(x) of the form ?yφ′(x,y) (with φ′) with φ′ ∈ Δ₀.