Numerical approximations of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem and applications to a density functional model

In this paper, we study numerical approximations of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem and consider applications to a density functional model. We prove the convergence of numerical approximations. In particular, we establish several upper bounds of approximation errors and report some numerical results of finite element electronic structure calculations that support our theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊不变子群的上、下近似

研究群中集合的粗糙近似问题。利用分解定理和表现定理,定义了群中集合关于模糊不变子群的上、下近似,并给出了近似算子的性质。证明了子群的上、下近似在同态映射下的不变性质。     

On the existence of homoclinic solutions of a class of discrete nonlinear periodic systems

In this paper, we obtain a new sufficient condition on the existence of homoclinic solutions of a class of discrete nonlinear periodic systems by using critical point theory in combination with periodic approximations. We prove that it is also necessary in some special cases.     

Analysis and approximation of optimal control problems for a simplified Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity

Summary. This paper is concerned with optimal control problems for a Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity that is valid for high values of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter and high external fields. The control is of Neumann type. We first show that optimal solutions exist. We then show that Lagrange multipliers may be used to enforce the constraints and derive an optimality system from which optimal states and controls may be deduced. Then we define finite element approximations of solutions for the optimality system and derive error estimates for the approximations. Finally, we report on some numerical results. Received May 3, 1994 / Revised version received November 28, 1995     

Additive blending of local approximations into a globally-valid approximation with application to the dilogarithm

We show how local approximations, each accurate on a subinterval, can be blended together to form a global approximation which is accurate over the entire interval. The blending functions are smoothed approximations to a step function, constructed using the error function. The local approximations may be power series, asymptotic expansion, or other more exotic species. As an example, for the dilogarithm function, we construct a one-line analytic approximation which is accurate to one part in 700. This can be generalized to higher order merely by adding more terms in the local approximations. We also show the failure of the alternative strategy of subtracting singularities.     

On approximation in total variation penalization for image reconstruction and inverse problems

In this paper, we examine some theoretical issues associated with the use of total variation based image reconstruction. Our investigations are motivated by problems of inverse interferome-try, in which laser light phase shifts are used to reconstruct medium density profiles in flow field sensing. The reconstruction problem is posed as a residual minimization with total variation reg-ularization applied to handle the inherent ill-posedness. We consider numerical approximations of these penalized minimal residual problems, and analyze some approximation strategies and their properties. The standard definition of total variation leads to inconsistent approximations, with piecewise constant basis functions, so we consider alternative definitions, which preserve the needed compactness and produce convergent approximations.     

Incomplete quenching in a system of heat equations coupled at the boundary

In this paper we find a possible continuation for quenching solutions to a system of heat equations coupled at the boundary condition. This system exhibits simultaneous and non-simultaneous quenching. For non-simultaneous quenching our continuation is a solution of a parabolic problem with Neumann boundary conditions. We also give some results for simultaneous quenching and present some numerical experiments that suggest that the approximations are not uniformly bounded in this case.     

High-order approximations for an incompressible viscous flow on a rough boundary

In this paper, we propose approximations of fluid flow that could be used for obtaining wall laws of higher order. We consider the two-dimensional laminar fluid flow, modeled by the incompressible Stokes system in a straight channel with a rough side. The roughness is periodic and the ratio of the amplitude of the rough part and the size of the flow domain is denoted by ?, being a small number. We impose periodic boundary conditions on the flow. We generalize the boundary layers needed for the construction of flow approximations of higher order with respect to ?. The existence of the layers and their features are discussed. Finally we give the error estimates for the approximations and establish an explicit wall law.     

On a Steffensen-Hermite method of order three

In this paper we study a third order Steffensen type method obtained by controlling the interpolation nodes in the Hermite inverse interpolation polynomial of degree 2. We study the convergence of the iterative method and we provide new convergence conditions which lead to bilateral approximations for the solution; it is known that the bilateral approximations have the advantage of offering a posteriori bounds of the errors. The numerical examples confirm the advantage of considering these error bounds.     

Zur Theorie der nichtlinearen Tschebyscheff-Approximation mit Nebenbedingungen

This paper deals with questions of nonlinear Tschebyscheff-approximation theory, the approximations being constrained by nonlinear relations. We assume the approximating functions depending Fréchet-differentiable on a parameter and the constraints satisfying certain regularity and differentiability properties. Under these hypotheses in the main theorem we give necessary conditions to characterisize best approximations. Using these results, some problems in approximating functions, the best approximations being regarded to satisfy interpolatory conditions, are discussed. We deduce, that in this case best approximations admit a characterisation by generalized alternants.

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Erster Teil einer gekürzten Fassung der Dissertation des Verfassers [1968].     

Approximations of Solutions to Abstract Neutral Functional Differential Equation

In the present work, we study the approximations of solutions to the abstract neutral functional differential equations with bounded delay. We consider an associated integral equation and a sequence of approximate integral equations. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to every approximate integral equation using the fixed point arguments. We then prove the convergence of the solutions of the approximate integral equations to the solution of the associated integral equation. Next, we consider the Faedo–Galerkin approximations of the solutions and prove some convergence results. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the results established.     

Deterministic particle method approximation of a contact inhibition cross-diffusion problem

We use a deterministic particle method to produce numerical approximations to the solutions of an evolution cross-diffusion problem for two populations.According to the values of the diffusion parameters related to the intra- and inter-population repulsion intensities, the system may be classified in terms of an associated matrix. When the matrix is definite positive, the problem is well posed and the finite element approximation produces convergent approximations to the exact solution.A particularly important case arises when the matrix is only positive semi-definite and the initial data are segregated: the contact inhibition problem. In this case, the solutions may be discontinuous and hence the (conforming) finite element approximation may exhibit instabilities in the neighborhood of the discontinuity.In this article we deduce the particle method approximation to the general cross-diffusion problem and apply it to the contact inhibition problem. We then provide some numerical experiments comparing the results produced by the finite element and the particle method discretizations.     

Analytical methods for an elliptic singular perturbation problem in a circle

We consider an elliptic perturbation problem in a circle by using the analytical solution that is given by a Fourier series with coefficients in terms of modified Bessel functions. By using saddle point methods we construct asymptotic approximations with respect to a small parameter. In particular we consider approximations that hold uniformly in the boundary layer, which is located along a certain part of the boundary of the domain.     

New Sobolev spaces via generalized Poincaré inequalities on metric measure spaces

In this paper, we introduce some new function spaces of Sobolev type on metric measure spaces. These new function spaces are defined by variants of Poincaré inequalities associated with generalized approximations of the identity, and they generalize the classical Sobolev spaces on Euclidean spaces. We then obtain two characterizations of these new Sobolev spaces including the characterization in terms of a variant of local sharp maximal functions associated with generalized approximations of the identity. For the well-known Hajłasz–Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces, we also establish some new characterizations related to generalized approximations of the identity. Finally, we clarify the relations between the Sobolev-type spaces introduced in this paper and the Hajłasz–Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces.     

On a long-standing conjecture by Pólya–Szegö and related topics

The electrostatic capacity of a convex body is usually not simple to compute. We discuss two possible approximations of it. The first one is related to a long-standing conjecture by Pólya–Szegö. It states that, among all convex bodies, the “worst shape” for the approximation exists and is the planar disk. We prove the first part of this conjecture, and we establish some related results which give further evidence for the validity of the second part. We also suggest some complementary conjectures and open problems. The second approximation we study is based on the use of web functions.Received: September 29, 2003     

On a long-standing conjecture by Pólya–Szeg? and related topics

The electrostatic capacity of a convex body is usually not simple to compute. We discuss two possible approximations of it. The first one is related to a long-standing conjecture by Pólya–Szegö. It states that, among all convex bodies, the “worst shape” for the approximation exists and is the planar disk. We prove the first part of this conjecture, and we establish some related results which give further evidence for the validity of the second part. We also suggest some complementary conjectures and open problems. The second approximation we study is based on the use of web functions.     

Method of Generalized Moment Representations in the Theory of Rational Approximation (A Survey)

We give a survey of the method of generalized moment representations introduced by Dzyadyk in 1981 and its applications to Padé approximations. In particular, some properties of biorthogonal polynomials are investigated and numerous important examples are given. We also consider applications of this method to joint Padé approximations, Padé–Chebyshev approximations, Hermite–Padé approximations, and two-point Padé approximations.     

On a nonlinear boundary value problem modeling corneal shape

In this paper we present some results concerning a boundary value problem for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation that was used before in modeling the topography of human cornea. These results generalize previously obtained theorems on existence and uniqueness. We show that our equation has a unique solution for all parameters and conditions that can arise in physical situation. In the second part of the article we derive some new estimates and approximate solutions. Numerical calculations verify that these approximations are very accurate.