颗粒土的亚塑性-塑性本构模拟

颗粒土在低应力区与高应力区的力学响应有较大的差别.低应力区的材料响应具有很强的密度依赖性,而在高应力区,则有显著的颗粒破碎效应.论文基于颗粒土压缩变形特性,将与颗粒破碎引起的土体压缩性的显著增大当作材料的塑性屈服,采用一个塑性势来描述.以亚塑性模型作为基础模型,描述低应力区的力学响应.两者结合建立了一个亚塑性-塑性本构模型框架,用于描述颗粒土在较宽广应力范围内的应力应变关系.     

SH波在滑动接触面上的反射与折射

1.引言应力波在固定接触面上反射和折射的解是众所周知的.近年来,一些作者对应力波在所谓单向接触面上的反射和折射等问题进行了广泛的研究.本文研究应力波在另一类接触面上的反射与折射.这类接触面的特点是:两接触物体具有相对滑动速度.若采用库仑摩擦定律,则接触面上的剪力等于最大摩擦阻力.在应力波的作用下,接触面上的应力和相对滑动速度都将发生变化,因此也有可能发生局部的分离、粘着,甚至发生与初速度反向的滑动.分析与计算结果表明,反射与折射波的性态与这些局部区域的存在及其位置和尺寸有关.对应力波与这类接触面间相互作用的研究,具有理论和实际意义.其研究成果可以用于通过对应力波的计算或测量来研究接触面的性     

应力圆的解析与图解法证明

应力圆以严格的应力解析表达式为理论根据.作为几何图形,应力圆是应力状态直观形象的载体,人们可以通过作图的方法方便地获得描述应力状态的有关参数,即图解法,这在计算工具尚不发达的年代很有价值.然而,图解法存在的根本依据是应力圆所具有的特性,深入系统地研究这些特性,可以深刻地揭示应力圆的本质.为此,从应力圆的理论构成入手,深入分析应力圆的理论表达式与几何图形的有机联系,并对应力圆图解法进行系统证明.     

宽翼缘T梁温差应力的弹性力学解法

为了充分反映宽翼缘梁的温差自应力分布特点,克服按梁理论计算温差自应力时的不足,从弹性力学的分析方法入手,按平面应力状态分析翼缘板和腹板的温差应力.根据翼缘板与腹板连接处的变形协调及平衡条件建立补充方程,求解艾瑞应力函数中的积分常数,导出翼缘板与腹板的温差应力及位移的解析式.对一宽翼缘T梁的计算表明,当翼缘板相对于腹板发生温差变化时,沿其宽度的纵向温度自应力分布很不均匀,在翼缘板根部自应力较大而在悬臂端则显著减小.     

用材料力学解的切应力求解弹性力学问题

分析了切应力与正应力的关系,讨论了导出切应力公式的条件,提出按切应力求解弹性力学问题的方法.证明凡是σ_y与x无关的梁或者已知切应力为零的问题,按切应力求解都是可行的.用这种方法求解比传统方法方便,运算简单.该文给出了用切应力求解弹性力学平面问题的两个算例.     

基于Hertz 理论圆柱和平面之间的滑动接触分析

当圆柱与平面之间产生摩擦滑动接触时,基于Hertz理论,推导了平面内应力分量的计算公式,分析了应力的分布,描述了应力分布的特点.在接触表面上,存在最大拉应力和最大压应力;最大拉应力出现在拖动边的边缘,而最大压应力发生在导向边的区域.因此,如果接触平面因拉或压应力引起失效,首先会出现在接触表面;第一型裂纹的产生及扩展首先会发生在拖动边的边缘.剪应力,主剪应力及Von-M ises等效应力(当摩擦系数较小时)的最大值均会出现在接触体内,存在于导向边.因此,塑性滑移开始首先会发生在接触体内,然后,才扩展到接触表面.这些结论为工程应用研究提供了依据.     

偶应力理论的等效量定义

从应力和偶应力、外加面力和体力、外加面力偶矩和体力偶矩满足的平衡方程及其边界条件出发,讨论应力和偶应力场的静力学性质.由此导出代表性体积上等效应力和等效偶应力的定义,给出它们与相应的体积平均值间的差异.用本文给出的等效应力和等效偶应力的定义,单位体积上虚功的表达式与均匀介质具有同一性.如果用体积平均值作为等效应力和等效偶应力的定义,则虚功的表达式与均匀介质不具有同一形式.     

超声瑞利波测试材料表面载荷应力的实验研究

实验研究了利用超声瑞利波传播特性测试材料表面应力的方法.在测试过程中采用回振法测声速,以分辨应力作用引起声速的徽小变化;并设计夹具实现探头与试样之间的稳定耦合和弹性接触,精简了实验机构,提高了实验精度.研究结果表明,在应力作用下,平行和垂直于应力方向传播的瑞利波发生了相应的变化:应力较小时,声速随应力变化较快;随着应力...     

循环荷载下软岩阻尼行为的试验研究

动剪切模量和阻尼比是岩体重要的动力特性参数,其取值的合理性对场地地震响应分析的结果有重要影响.利用WDT-1500多功能材料试验机,对砂岩、砾岩和砂砾岩等软岩试样进行了循环荷载试验,研究了软岩的动剪切模量和阻尼参数对应力、应变幅值和应力水平的响应特性,得到了动剪切模量和阻尼参数随应力幅值、应力水平及含水率的变化规律,讨论了其变化机理.结果表明,在不同应力水平和不同应力幅值下阻尼参数随着应力幅值的增大而增大,与应力幅值成线性拟合关系.当应力幅值较小时,含水率对岩石动剪切模量的影响较小,而对阻尼比和阻尼系数的影响较大;当应力幅值较大时,恰好相反.含水率,应力水平和应力幅值都相同时,应力水平逐级增大的应力路径下测得的阻尼参数大于应力幅值逐级增大的应力路径下测得的阻尼参数.建立的不同应力水平和不同应力幅值条件下软岩的动剪切模量与阻尼比关系模型能够描述分级循环荷载过程中阻尼行为.研究成果对抗震工程的地震反应分析和场地安全性评价有着重要参考价值.     

高应力比循环下微动疲劳裂纹萌生位置的预测分析

对于微动疲劳问题,循环应力比的大小会影响试件应力状态及分布,从而影响疲劳裂纹的萌生位置.本文通过对一类微动疲劳问题进行有限元法分析,模拟疲劳实验过程,并采用最大应力变化幅△σθmax作为指标预测了不同应力比下疲劳裂纹的萌生位置.数值分析显示,在应力比不是很大时,试件与微动接触头的边缘存在接触,并在此处产生较大的应力集中,容易萌生裂纹;而在应力比足够高时,微动接触头端部与试件呈恒张开状态,△σθmax及裂纹萌生发生在距初始接触区边缘一定距离处.疲劳裂纹萌生位置的理论预测结果与相关试验的疲劳裂纹发生位置比较一致.     

Magneto-elastic stress in a thin infinite plate with an elliptical hole under uniform magnetic field

Two-dimensional magnetic field and magneto-elastic stress solutions are presented for a magnetic material of a thin infinite plate with an elliptical hole under uniform magnetic field. The linear constitutive equation is used for the magnetic field and the stress analyses. The magneto-elastic stress is analyzed using Maxwell stress since only Maxwell stress is caused as a body force according to the electro magneto theory. Except the approximation of the plane stress state in which the plate is thin, no further assumption is made for the stress analysis, though Maxwell stress components are expressed by nonlinear terms. The rigorous boundary condition expressed by Maxwell stress is completely satisfied without any linear assumptions on the boundary. First, magnetic field and stress for soft ferromagnetic material is analyzed and then those for paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials are analyzed. It is stated that the stress components are the same expressions for those materials and the difference is only the magnitude of the permeability, though the magnetic fields are different each other in the plates. If the analysis of magnetic field of paramagnetic materials is easier than that of soft ferromagnetic material, the stress analysis may be carried out using the magnetic field for paramagnetic material. Shear deflection as well as stress in the direction of the plate thickness arises and the solutions are also obtained. Figures of the magnetic field and stress distribution are shown. Stress intensity factors are also derived.     

永磁激励下磁流变安全联轴器物理场数值仿真计算与分析

设计了一种新型磁流变安全联轴器,该联轴器以磁流变胶作为传力介质,以Halbach永磁排列作为磁场激励源。在COMSOL Multiphysics环境下建立了三维有限元分析模型;利用Bingham磁致本构模型对自行研制的磁流变胶的剪切屈服应力和粘度进行最小二乘5次多项式拟合,得到了剪切屈服应力和粘度随磁通密度的变化曲线参数;并将磁流变胶的拟合参数及其磁化特性嵌入COMSOLMultiphysics有限元计算环境中,最终得到磁流变胶所在区域的磁通密度云分布以及两个指定位置的剪切屈服应力和粘度在极坐标下的周向分布。研究结果表明:安全联轴器里层区域的磁通密度分布明显具有Halbach排列特点和明显的区域分布特性;磁通密度、剪切屈服应力、粘度在两个指定位置的周向分布具有明显的对称性;可以通过去掉外层磁流变胶所在区域来达到结构的小型化和轻量化,也能够保证联轴器的传递扭矩不发生较大幅度的降低。本研究能够在联轴器的设计阶段提供一定的指导。     

Perturbed magnetic field of an infinite plate with a centered crack

Deforming a cracked magnetoelastic body in a magnetic field induces a perturbed magnetic field around the crack. The quantitative relationship between this perturbed field and the stress around the crack is crucial in developing a new generation of magnetism-based nondestructive testing technologies. In this paper, an analytical expression of the perturbed magnetic field induced by structural deforma- tion of an infinite ferromagnetic elastic plate containing a centered crack in a weak external magnetic field is obtained by using the linearized magnetoelastic theory and Fourier transform methods. The main finding is that the perturbed magnetic field intensity is proportional to the applied tensile stress, and is dominated by the displacement gradient on the boundary of the magnetoelastic solid. The tangential component of the perturbed magnetic-field intensity near the crack exhibits an antisymmetric distribution along the crack that reverses its direction sharply across its two faces, while the normal component shows a symmetric distribution along the crack with singular points at the crack tips.     

Magneto elastic stress subjected to uniform magnetic field over a thin infinite plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack

Two dimensional solutions of the magnetic field and magneto elastic stress are presented for a magnetic material of a thin infinite plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack subjected to uniform magnetic field. Using a rational mapping function, each solution is obtained as a closed form. The linear constitutive equation is used for these analyses. According to the electro-magneto theory, only Maxwell stress is caused as a body force in a plate. In the present paper, it raises a plane stress state for a thin plate, the deformation of the plate thickness and the shear deflection. Therefore the magneto elastic stress is analyzed using Maxwell stress. No further assumption of the plane stress state that the plate is thin is made for the stress analysis, though Maxwell stress components are expressed by nonlinear terms. The rigorous boundary condition expressed by Maxwell stress components is completely satisfied without any linear assumptions on the boundary. First, magnetic field and stress analyses for soft ferromagnetic material are carried out and then those analyses for paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials are carried out. It is stated that those plane stress components are expressed by the same expressions for those materials and the difference is only the magnitude of the permeability, though the magnetic fields H_x, H_y are different each other in the plates. If the analysis of magnetic field of paramagnetic material is easier than that of soft ferromagnetic material, the stress analysis may be carried out using the magnetic field for paramagnetic material to analyze the stress field, and the results may be applied for a soft ferromagnetic material. It is stated that the stress state for the magnetic field H_x, H_y is the same as the pure shear stress state. Solutions of the magneto elastic stress are nonlinear for the direction of uniform magnetic field. Stresses in the direction of the plate thickness and shear deflection are caused and the solutions are also obtained. Figures of the magnetic field and stress distribution are shown. Stress intensity factors are also derived and investigated for the crack length.     

Magnetic field and magneto elastic stress in an infinite plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack under uniform electric current

Two-dimensional solutions of the electric current, magnetic field and magneto elastic stress are presented for a magnetic material of a thin infinite plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack under uniform electric current. Using a rational mapping function, the each solution is obtained as a closed form. The linear constitutive equation is used for the magnetic field and the stress analyses. According to the electro-magneto theory, only Maxwell stress is caused as a body force in a plate which raises a plane stress state for a thin plate and the deformation of the plate thickness. Therefore the magneto elastic stress is analyzed using Maxwell stress. No further assumption of the plane stress state that the plate is thin is made for the stress analysis, though Maxwell stress components are expressed by nonlinear terms. The rigorous boundary condition expressed by Maxwell stress components is completely satisfied without any linear assumptions on the boundary. First, electric current, magnetic field and stress analyses for soft ferromagnetic material are carried out and then those analyses for paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials are carried out. It is stated that the stress components are expressed by the same expressions for those materials and the difference is only the magnitude of the permeability, though the magnetic fields H_x, H_y are different each other in the plates. If the analysis of magnetic field of paramagnetic material is easier than that of soft ferromagnetic material, the stress analysis may be carried out using the magnetic field for paramagnetic material to analyze the stress field, and the results may be applied for a soft ferromagnetic material. It is stated that the stress state for the magnetic field H_x, H_y is the same as the pure shear stress state. Solving the present magneto elastic stress problem, dislocation and rotation terms appear, which makes the present problem complicate. Solutions of the magneto elastic stress are nonlinear for the direction of electric current. Stresses in the direction of the plate thickness are caused and the solution is also obtained. Figures of the magnetic field and stress distribution are shown. Stress intensity factors are also derived and investigated for the crack length and the electric current direction.     

Loading effect on ACPD of a crack in ferromagnetic material

The loading effect on alternating current potential drop (ACPD) for a ferromagnetic material containing a two-dimensional surface crack was investigated under opening mode loading without shear (mode I). The change in potential drop due to load was obtained with and without a magnetic field around the specimen. To remove the magnetic field from the circumference of the specimen, a new measuring system using the characteristic of coaxial transmission line was made. When the magnetic field does not exist around the specimen, the change in potential drop with load is governed by the change in electromagnetic properties near the crack tip. The results obtained by using the new measuring system are the basis for an application of the ACPD technique to the experimental determination of the stress intensity factor, since they are independent of the arrangement of the measuring probe lines and the current supply lines. The relationship between the change in potential drop and the change in load is linearized by demagnetization. The change in potential drop per unit change in the stress intensity factor is independent of the crack length.     

表面纹理磁盘滑动接触的温度和应力及退磁临界条件的研究

采用应力场和温度场耦合的有限元方法,计算磁头/磁盘滑动接触下铝基磁盘磁层内瞬态温度场和应力场及退磁临界条件,分析接触压力、滑动速度、摩擦系数以及磁盘表面纹理对磁层内最大摩擦温升值和最大应力值的影响.结果表明:波形纹理表面瞬间滑动接触所产生的温度分布呈波形特征,表面纹理越尖锐,磁层内的温度和应力越大;滑动速度对磁层内温度的影响大于对应力的影响;当磁层最大应力小于1.2 GPa时,所对应的速度和压力为安全工况;当温升大于180 K时所对应的工况将导致磁盘退磁.     

Reliable plate–plate MRF magnetorheometry based on validated radial magnetic flux density profile simulations

The apparent shear stress from plate–plate magnetorheometry, using the commercial magnetocell MRD180/1T (Physica/Anton Paar) in standard configuration, is distinctly overestimated. The effect is due to a flux density maximum near the sample rim and radial migration of iron particles towards the rim. Radial magnetic flux density profiles were investigated by finite element simulations using the Maxwell^®2D code and by direct Hall probe measurements. The reliability of the finite element method results, both for the empty magnetocell and with magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in the measuring gap, allows conclusions on the true flux density within the MRF, which cannot be accessed by Hall probe measurements. If the MRF sits on top of the bottom yoke (standard configuration), the flux density maximum reaches twice the plateau value (0.74 T for 3 A coil current and 0.3 mm gap height of the investigated MRF). This yields a higher effective flux density and causes radial iron particle migration, resulting in an additional magnetic flux increase near the rim due to augmented MRF magnetisation. As a result, the rotor torque at constant rotary speed increases with time. Reliable results are achieved by a modification of the magnetocell, such that the MRF sits on a non-magnetic Hall disc of 1.5 mm thickness, allowing an online flux density measurement by a FW Bell Hall probe. In this configuration, the radial flux density profile near the rim remains sufficiently flat and no iron particle migration is detected.     

Magnetothermoelastic stress and perturbation of magnetic field vector in a functionally graded hollow sphere

In this article, a closed-form solution for one-dimensional magnetothermoelastic problem in a functionally graded material (FGM) hollow sphere placed in uniform magnetic and temperature fields subjected to an internal pressure is obtained using the infinitesimal theory of magnetothermoelasticity. Hyper-geometric functions are employed to solve the governing equation. The material properties through the graded direction are assumed to be nonlinear with an exponential distribution. The nonhomogeneity of the material in the radial direction is assumed to be exponential. The temperature, displacement and stress fields and the perturbation of magnetic field vector are determined and compared with those of the homogeneous case. Hence, the effect of inhomogeneity on the stresses and the perturbation of magnetic field vector distribution are demonstrated. The results of this study are applicable for designing optimum FGM hollow spheres.     

地磁环境下结构变形引起的扰动磁场

基于磁弹性相互作用的线性化理论，针对地磁环境特点，忽略磁场对结构位移的影 响而仅考虑位移对磁场的耦合作用，通过将位移梯度引入变形后界面外法线矢量方 法，给出了变形引起的扰动磁场计算的定解场方程和界面衔接条件，并计算了符拉 芒问题的变形扰动磁场. 结果表明，变形扰动磁场完全取决于位移梯度在界面外法 向上的投影；扰动场强与外力成正比；空气中扰动磁场的法向强度和切向强度分布 特征明显不同，法向强度在力作用点对称分布，并且在 力作用点处存在奇点；切向强度则呈反对称分布，在力作用点处发生突变.