两部门内生增长模型中财政政策的短期分析

在一个两部门内生增长模型中,讨论政府财政政策变化对居民消费,资本积累以及经济增长的长期影响和短期影响.发现在短期内,政府增加资本收入税不仅可以增加居民消费,而且可以刺激人力资本积累,从而刺激短期经济增长.但是政府财政政策改变对长期经济增长不产生影响,而且资本收入税会降低长期的消费水平和资本存量.另外,从经济增长形态和消费者福利两个角度讨论了资本收入税的无效性.     

随机均衡模型中的最优机制

本文基于经典的Mirrlees税收模型，建立了一个一般化的动态随机均衡模型，论证了消费者的最优资本存量和收入，以及政府的最优税收和公共花费的存在性，并得出最优收入税函数在Hilbert空间的一个闭子集上是下半连续的结论。     

金融危机后中国跨境短期资本流动与人民币汇率及资产价格波动关联研究

基于综合资产收益率平价理论构建理论模型,研究探讨了中国跨境短期资本流动规模与资产价格及人民币汇率预期变动之间的动态关系.然后在此基础上通过建立VAR模型,采用格兰杰因果检验以及脉冲响应分析等方法实证分析了2010年7月至2015年6月中国跨境短期资本流动、人民币汇率预期波动、利率、房价和股价变动之间的关联关系.实证结果表明:中国房地产市场、股票市场上涨会吸引短期跨境资本流入;美元利率上升和人民币贬值预期会引致短期跨境资本的流出;短期跨境资本流入会造成国内利率降低,但对房地产市场、股票市场的影响不显著;中国房地产市场与股票市场之间会有联动效应,人民币的贬值预期也会引致房地产价格下降.     

并购后企业知识资本演化的数学模型

知识资本是企业价值系统的参变量 ,其存量和水平支配着并购企业的命运 .从知识和能力整合的角度出发 ,根据并购双方知识资本系统整合的机理和特点 ,建立了知识资本演化的数学模型 ,并且通过模型的数值分析模拟了并购后知识资本存量变化的过程和发展趋势 .     

具有固定时滞的经济周期模型的动态分析

在经济活动中,投资行为和资本存量存在一定的时滞效应,这会影响经济周期模型的动态行为,进而使得投资政策对经济的稳定调整复杂化.考虑到资本存量的预期时间以及投资时滞对经济活动的影响,采用Hopf分岔理论,研究具有固定时滞的经济周期模型的均衡点的稳定性以及形成经济周期的条件.研究发现,投资过程中的投资时滞,以及投资决策中对于资本存量的预测时间构成经济周期产生的诱因;同时可通过政府投资政策调整达到预期均衡目标,这对保持经济周期稳定及经济政策制定有一定的指导作用.     

我国地方政府债务安全边界探讨及风险测度

基于改进的KMV模型,测算出2013年我国地方政府债务在不同本金偿还率和不确定性水平下的安全边界.结果表明,随着本金偿还率的增加,债务安全边界逐渐下降;当经济环境中不确定性水平上升时,债务违约风险提高.最后,本文根据2013年我国地方政府债务风险测度的实证结果,从"开源节流,提高地方政府偿债能力","阳光管理,建立债务风险预警机制","优化结构,调整债务长短期配比"等三个方面阐述了降低我国地方政府债务预期违约风险的措施.     

政府补贴对风险投资的影响机制研究

建立了风险投资者与创业者之间的契约关系理论模型,研究了政府补贴政策的影响机制.研究证明政府补贴在提高风险投资者期望收益的同时,也提高了创业者的期望收益,这一政策也使得更多的投资项目值得风险资本去投资.因此,政府补贴增加了创业企业对风险资本的需求,能够促进风险投资业的发展.     

公共资本对产出及私人资本的动态冲击效应研究

估算了我国总的资本存量和公共资本存量,并从资本存量的角度基于结构向量自回归模型(SVAR)研究了公共资本对私人资本和产出的动态影响.通过实证研究得出以下结论:1)在我国公共资本对私人资本具有先"挤入"后"挤出"的效应.给公共资本一个百分点的冲击,在第'三年使得私人资本增加0.5个百分点.2)产出对公共资本冲击的响应更加快速和直接,给公共资本一个百分点的冲击会使得产出在第2期时增长0.8个百分点,但是这种正的响应会逐渐减弱,并在第6期后不再显著.3)方差分解的结果表明,私人资本对产出的贡献率要大于公共资本对产出的贡献率,私人资本对产出贡献率的最大值为61%,而公共资本对产出贡献率的最大值为28%.     

政府资本、农业技术投入与农业经济增长——基于广西96个县域面板门槛模型的实证

农业经济增长离不开政府资本支持,也离不开持续的农业技术投入.应用Hansen面板门槛模型,基于2004-2018年广西96个县域的面板数据,探究政府资本、农业技术投入对农业经济增长的影响.结果发现:1)政府资本、农业技术投入对农业经济增长的影响具有显著门槛特征,无论政府资本处于什么水平,农业技术投入均对农业经济增长有显...     

政府补贴政策下考虑风险规避的绿色供应链定价决策研究

在政府推行补贴政策背景下,通过建立博弈模型研究了政府补贴、制造商和零售商的风险规避对绿色供应链定价策略、产品绿色度、供应链各方利润及整体利润的影响。研究表明:制造商或零售商单方面的风险规避对对方来说都是有利的,但不同的是,仅制造商风险规避时,产品绿色度、批发价格、零售价格及其自身利润都将下降,供应链整体利润则既存在上升也存在下降的情况,当仅零售商风险规避时,产品绿色度、供应链整体利润都将上升,批发价格、零售价格及其自身利润则既存在上升也存在下降的情况;政府增加补贴会在一定程度上加重制造商的风险规避对其自身利润及产品绿色度的损害作用,却会在一定程度上减弱零售商的风险规避对其自身利润的损害作用,并增强零售商的风险规避对产品绿色度的提升作用。     

有政府债券的军事花费和经济增长(英文)

本文讨论了军事花费 ,资本积累和政府债券在一个随机内生的增长模型中 ,结果表明 :如果本国有一个低的消费替代弹性 ,则外国财富和军事花费的增长都会导致本国经济的增长 ;但是 ,如果本国有一个高的消费替代弹性时 ,外国军事花费的大的扰动也可导致本国经济的增长 .     

APPLICATIONS OF HAMILTONIAN AND LAPLACE TRANSFORM IN AN ECONOMIC MODEL

Since 1928, Ramsey introduced variation to analysis the optimal savings in an intertemproal model. Mathematics becomes an important tool for economists, such as Pontryagin'sMaximal Principle, Bellman Principle, Dynamics etc. These mathematical tools give economya new viewpoint, on the other hand, it also gives mathematicians a good application exaxnple.In this paper, we apply Hamilton system and Laplace transform to analysis the long-run effectsand short-run effects of foreign aid on domes…     

具有生产性与福利性公共支出的随机内生增长模型

文章建立一个随机内生增长模型来阐明主要政策参数对经济增长与社会福利的影响.若对生产函数、效用函数、偏好及随机干扰作一些特殊的假设,我们证明了主要政策参数的均衡值能被模型参数唯一决定.进一步我们还得到了期望增长率与储蓄的清晰解.文章的最后,我们证明了政府支出直接影响个体决策者的决策:即提高经济增长率将减少福利;反之,增加福利将减少增长率.     

An EPQ model with setup cost and process quality as functions of capital expenditure

This paper considers an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with imperfect production processes, in which the setup cost and process quality are functions of capital expenditure. The mathematical model is derived to investigate the effects of an imperfect production process on the optimal production cycle time when capital investment strategies in setup reduction and process quality improvement are adopted. An efficient procedure is developed to find the optimal production run length, setup cost and process quality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Some managerial implications are also included.     

财政支出对城乡居民消费影响的实证分析

随着改革的深度推进,我国经济发展进入新常态.经济新常态下最紧迫的问题之一是消费不足,对财政支出与居民消费之间的关系进行分析,这不仅有助于推动政府支出结构合理化,也对增大消费在经济发展中的比重,推动经济合理的发展具有重要的意义.实证分析表明,财政总支出、基本建设支出和民生支出对城乡居民消费水平具有挤入效应;行政支出对农村居民消费有挤出效应,对城镇居民消费有挤入效应.     

政府支出结构、扭曲性税收及内生贴现因子

在一个无穷期限模型中,假设经济主体具有完全理性,通过将常数贴现因子转换为关于效用水平的内生变量,利用跨期优化方法重新考虑了政府支出结构、扭曲性税收对宏观经济变量的影响.尤其关注这两种变量的长期和短期变化对资本积累路径的影响,理论模型表明,当贴现因子内生化后,政府支出结构和扭曲性税收对宏观经济的影响会更为复杂,尤其体现在生产性支出上.     

Three-scale input–output modeling for urban economy: Carbon emission by Beijing 2007

For urban economies, an ecological endowment embodiment analysis has to be supported by endowment intensities at both the international and domestic scales to reflect the international and domestic imports of increasing importance. A three-scale input–output modeling for an urban economy to give nine categories of embodiment fluxes is presented in this paper by a case study on the carbon dioxide emissions by the Beijing economy in 2007, based on the carbon intensities for the average world and national economies. The total direct emissions are estimated at 1.03E+08 t, in which 91.61% is energy-related emissions. By the modeling, emissions embodied in fixed capital formation amount to 7.20E+07 t, emissions embodied in household consumption are 1.58 times those in government consumption, and emissions in gross capital formation are 14.93% more than those in gross consumption. As a net exporter of carbon emissions, Beijing exports 5.21E+08 t carbon embodied in foreign imported commodities and 1.06E+08 t in domestic imported commodities, while emissions embodied in foreign and domestic imported commodities are 3.34E+07 and 1.75E+08 t respectively. The algorithm presented in this study is applicable to the embodiment analysis of other environmental resources for regional economies characteristic of multi-scales.     

COMBINING SOCIAL CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DROUGHT RESILIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

In water‐scarce regions of the world, water‐saving technology adoption augments farm productivity. But so does social capital. In this paper, the issue of ensuring livelihood for farmers through the combined use of social capital and water‐saving technology is modeled in the context of repeated droughts. The model presented here derives optimal resource conservation and accumulation strategies when the farmer must ensure minimum consumption during a set of repeated drought events in the future. Findings indicate that the path to drought resilience presents a complex trade‐off between accumulating one form of capital over another and is influenced by farmers’ wealth and water endowments, level of risk associated with the repeated droughts and the duration of the repeated drought event that the farmer plans to survive. A higher risk of repeated droughts leads to an increase in groundwater conservation efforts but delays technology adoption. Lower water endowments may also delay adoption and reduce social capital, however, a lower social capital or a slow rate of its growth is not a hindrance to adopting water‐saving technology earlier. Finally, social capital evolves to higher levels when farmer is simultaneously faced with a higher level of risks and a longer span of drought events.     

RECURSIVE UTILITY,PRODUCTIVE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND OPTIMAL FISCAL POLICY

This paper employs a stochastic endogenous growth model extended to the case of a recursive utility function which can disentangle intertemporal substitution from risk aversion to analyze productive government expenditure and optimal fiscal policy, particularly stresses the importance of factor income. First, the explicit solutions of the central planner＇s stochastic optimization problem are derived, the growth maximizing and welfare-maximizing government expenditure policies are obtained and their standing in conflict or coincidence depends upon intertemporal substitution. Second, the explicit solutions of the representative individual＇s stochastic optimization problem which permits to tax on capital income and labor income separately are derived ,and it is found that the effect of risk on growth crucially depends on the degree of risk aversion,the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the capital income share. Finally, a flexible optimal tax policy which can be internally adjusted to a certain extent is derived, and it is found that the distribution of factor income plays an important role in designing the optimal tax policy.