Synthesis of Novel Bithiophene-Substituted Heterocycles Bearing Carbonitrile Groups

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical bithiophene-substituted heterocycles bearing carbonitriles including imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, benzimidazole, and pyridine derivatives have been synthesized via different synthetic protocols. The bithiophene bis-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 3a,b were achieved in three steps starting from 2-acetyl-5-bromothiophene. Suzuki coupling reaction of 2a with 5-formylthiophen-2-ylboronic acid forms the formyl derivative 5, which by condensation with 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile in the presence of sodium bisulfite furnishes the unsymmetrical bithiophene derivative6. The bis-benzimidazole derivative 8 was obtained via hexabutylditin-mediated homocoupling of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, while the benzimidazole derivatives 12a,b were prepared via the formyl derivatives 11a,b, a product of Velsmier formylation reaction of 10a,b. Two synthetic protocols for the aryl/hetaryl-2,2′-bithiophene derivative 14 have also been presented. In addition, the guanyl hydrazones of bithiophenes, 16 and 17, were prepared from bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-2,2′-bithiophene through a Stille coupling reaction followed by a condensation step.     

Steric effects in palladium-catalysed amination of aryl triflates and nonaflates with the primary amines PhCH(R)NH2 (R=H, Me)

A systematic study of the effects of aryl triflate and nonaflate structure on the yield of amination with the primary amines PhCH(R)NH₂ (R=H, Me) under palladium catalysis has been carried out. High throughput screening indicated that a catalyst composed of X-Phos/Pd₂(dba)₃/1,4-dioxane was optimal based on a model reaction of Ar(OR_f) [R_f=Tf (SO₂CF₃), Nf (SO₂(CF₂)₃CF₃)] with PhCH₂NH₂. Comparisons of the reactivity of various ArOTf and ArONf [Ar=4-MePh, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-PhC₆H₄] indicated that both ortho substitution in the aryl electrophile and at the α-position on the amine are detrimental to the coupling particularly when they occur in combination. Despite being formally a monodentate ligand use of X-Phos leads to only small degrees of racemisation when using (R)-PhCH(Me)NH₂ (typically resulting in a reduction from 97 to 86-94% ee for the amine stereocentre).     

Copper bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) catalyzed synthesis of N-substituted ferrocenes

An efficient catalytic protocol for the Ulmann-type coupling reaction of both bromo and iodoferrocene with heterocyclic amines using a stable and well defined copper bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) complex has been developed. The protocol was applicable for the synthesis of wide variety of N-substituted ferrocenes and the desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields.     

联合UV及SDS-PAGE监测并优化碳二亚胺偶联法制备多肽免疫原

建立了一种多肽免疫抗原偶联的双监测法,获得一种操作简便、成功率高、适用范围广的碳二亚胺偶联法,并应用于多种肿瘤相关多肽标志物的免疫抗原制备。以合成多肽SP0104为标准品,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为载体蛋白,碳二亚胺(EDC)为偶联剂,对加样顺序、投料比、偶联时间等关键条件进行考察,采用UV和SDS-PAGE对反应产物进行联合监测,以偶联比和偶联率联合评价反应条件。加样顺序为多肽和载体蛋白先混合再加到碳二亚胺中,三者质量比为1∶1∶1,偶联时间为12 h,偶联比在4∶1～12∶1之间,偶联率在9%～20%之间,所得SP0104多抗效价达到1∶80 000,MALDI-TOF质谱分析证实该抗体准确捕获目标抗原。用优化的偶联方法制备多肽SPC09、SPC15、SPG01、SPG03、SPG04的免疫抗原,所得免疫血清效价均在1∶1万以上,最高可达1∶51.2万。所建碳二亚胺多肽偶联联合监测法简便实用,可提高多肽抗体制备的成功率。     

Facile synthesis and photophysical properties of 1,2-phenylene-bridged porphyrin dimers

Facile synthesis of 1,2-phenylene-bridged porphyrin dimers via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and their photophysical properties only moderately perturbed by inter-porphyrin electronic interactions are reported.     

Palladaphosphacyclobutenes as catalysts in Heck and Suzuki reactions

Heck reactions of aryl halides with various olefins and Suzuki reactions of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid catalyzed by palladaphosphacyclobutene have been investigated. The scope of the Heck reaction has been investigated in N,N‐dimethylacetamide at 140 °C using NaOAc as base. Using 0.1% molar ratio of palladaphosphacyclobuyenes, aryl bromides were converted into 1,2‐substitutedethene products in good to high yields through coupling with both vinylarenes and acrylates. Actived aryl chloride reacted with styrene to afford 1,2‐substitutedethene products in moderate yields. The scope of the Suzuki reaction has been conducted in toluene at 110 °C using Cs₂CO₃ as base. Using 0.1% molar ratio of palladaphosphacyclobutene, aryl bromides reacted with phenylboronic acid to afford diaryl derivatives in excellent yield. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the convergence of the general coupling operator method for one-configuration-type wave functions

We comment on the convergence of the general coupling operator for all types of one-configuration or multiconfigurational wave functions that still preserve the one-configuration structure for the energy expression. The choice on the best arbitrary real and antisymmetric parameters inherent in the coupling operator methodology is discussed, giving a theoretical reason. Another type of coupling operator is defined, presented, and analyzed. Finally, we give some numerical examples related to the low-lying electronic states of a cluster model for K₂NiF₄ solid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 368–376, 1998     

Pd‐catalyzed ligand‐free desulfitative Heck reaction with arenesulfinic acid salts under air

Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of various aryl sulfinic acid salts with a wide variety of vinyl substrates have been achieved in good to excellent yields under simple aerobic conditions at 70°C with the assistance of Cu(II) salts. The reaction can be accelerated by the combination of DMSO with THF. The reported Matsuda–Heck type coupling reactions are tolerant to the common functional groups, making these transformations as attractive alternatives to the traditional cross‐coupling approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

29Si-13C spin-spin couplings over an Si-O-Csp3 link

(29)Si-(13)C spin-spin couplings over one, two, and three bonds as well as other NMR parameters [delta((29)Si), delta((13)C), delta((1)H), (1)J((13)C-(1)H), and (2)J((29)Si-C-(1)H)] were calculated and measured for a series of trimethylsilylated alcohols of the types Me(3)Si-O-(CH(2))(n)CH(3) and Me(3)Si-O-CH(3-n)R(n)(n = 0-3; R = Me, Ph, or Vi). The signs of the coupling constants determined for selected compounds can likely be extended to all such compounds, as supported by theoretical calculations. Similar to couplings between other pairs of nuclei, the 2-bond and 3-bond (29)Si-O-(13)C couplings are of opposite signs ((2)J > 0 and (3)J < 0), and their relative magnitudes depend on the extent of branching at the alpha-carbon.     

Over‐Oxidation as the Key Step in the Mechanism of the MoCl5‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes

Molybdenum pentachloride is an unusually powerful reagent for the dehydrogenative coupling of arenes. Owing to the high reaction rate using MoCl₅, several labile moieties are tolerated in this transformation. The mechanistic course of the reaction was controversially discussed although indications for a single electron transfer as the initial step were found recently. Herein, based on a combined study including synthetic investigations, electrochemical measurements, EPR spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and mass spectrometry, we deduct a highly consistent mechanistic scenario: MoCl₅ acts as a one‐electron oxidant in the absence of TiCl₄ and as two‐electron oxidant in the presence of TiCl₄, but leads to an over‐oxidized intermediate in both cases, which protects it from side reactions. In the course of aqueous work‐up the reagent waste (Mo^III/IV species) acts as reducing agent generating the desired organic C?C coupling product.     

A general synthetic route to chiral dihydroxy-9,9′-spirobifluorenes

C₂-Symmetric 9,9′-spirobifluorenes with 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-dihydroxyls were conveniently prepared from 1,2-dibromobenzene. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 1,2-dibromobenzene with methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide or methoxyphenylboronic acid provided methoxy substituted 2-bromobiphenyls. Lithium-bromine exchange with n-butyllithium, followed by reaction with dimethyl carbonate afforded di[2-(methoxyphenyl)phenyl]ketones as the key intermediates. A continuous ring-closure induced by a strong Lewis acid and demethylation gave dihydroxy-9,9′-spirobifluorenes. The racemic dihydroxy products were resolved by inclusion crystallization using chiral resolving reagents or separated by chiral HPLC.     

含有酯基二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物催化Suzuki和Heck反应

合成并表征了系列含有酯基二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物.结果表明,该系列环钯催化剂在纯水或有机溶剂中均能高效催化Heck和Suzuki偶联反应.     

A one-pot,multi-component reaction cascade for the rapid synthesis of diversely functionalized heteroaryl methyl substrates

A novel one-pot, “green” protocol to rapidly access pharmaceutically relevant heteroaryl methyl substrates is described. This process allows for a tandem S_N2/Suzuki-Miyaura reaction or Sonogashira reaction across a breadth of chemical diversity with yields ranging between 31 and 87% for the tandem Suzuki-Miyaura process and 50–66% for the tandem Sonogashira process. This procedure tolerates S, N, and O heteroatom linkers and is amenable for both rapid and robust lead development screening. In addition, T-type and N-type calcium channel blocker (15) was synthesized in 43% yield using this methodology which stands as an improvement in both yield and reaction time of the previously reported synthesis. The one-pot protocol also allows for the inclusion of greater chemical diversity within the scaffold of 15.     

Ligand effects in palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions

A range of sterically hindered diimine ligands and their palladium (II) complexes were synthesized. These compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy. The use of the palladium complexes as catalysts for Suzuki and Heck coupling has been studied in an attempt to demonstrate the effect of side groups on catalytic activity. It was clearly seen that the location of side ? CH₃ groups which bound to benzene ring had little effect on catalytic activity. Interestingly when we changed these ? CH₃ groups with ? Cl groups the activity of the complexes increased. On the other hand, side groups which bound to imine nitrogen also had a large effect on catalytic activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.