Efficient total synthesis of sapinofuranone B

[structure: see text] An efficient enantioselective synthesis of sapinofuranone B (1) using Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Sonogashira coupling, and Wittig olefination as the key steps is described.     

An efficient approach for the total synthesis of balticolid

An efficient stereoselective total synthesis of balticolid has been accomplished starting from known aldehyde. The key steps involved in this synthesis are Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Wittig olefination, alkylation of 1,3-dithiane and Yamaguchi macrolactonization.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-α-conhydrine

The enantioselective synthesis of (−)-α-conhydrine has been achieved by two different synthetic routes. The key steps include Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, regioselective opening of a cyclic sulfate and Wittig olefination.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-acaterin

The asymmetric synthesis of (−)-acaterin, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase has been achieved starting from the commercially available starting materials, octan-1-ol and methyl (R)-lactate. The key steps are a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and a Wittig olefination.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-radicamine B

A simple and efficient stereoselective synthesis of naturally occurring pyrrolidine alkaloid, radicamine B has been accomplished in 13 steps from the commercially available starting materials with an overall yield of 9.75%. The synthesis utilizes Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination as key steps.     

Stereoselective synthesis of C1-C9 and C9-C17 fragments of (+)-13-deoxytedanolide

An efficient and highly stereoselective asymmetric synthesis of C1-C9 and C9-C17 fragments of (+)-13-deoxytedanolide have been achieved. Utilization of desymmetrization technique to prepare the triol with five stereogenic centers, regioselective Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Evans' aldol reaction, chiral methylation, and Wittig olefination are highlights of the synthesis.     

Enantioselective total synthesis of both the stereoisomers of dihydrokawain-5-ol

The enantioselective synthesis of both the stereoisomers of dihydrokawain-5-ol is described. The key features of the synthetic strategy include (a) Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, (b) Wittig olefination, and (c) formation of β-keto ester to access the highly enantiomerically pure kavalactones.     

First total synthesis of parvistone C and its C8-epimer

Diastereoselective first total synthesis of parvistone C 1 and C8-epimer 1a are described. The key features of our synthesis include Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, stereoselective aryl Grignard reactions, Still–Gennari olefination, and intramolecular cyclization.     

Total synthesis of 34-hydroxyasimicin and its photoactive derivative for affinity labeling of the mitochondrial complex I

The asymmetric total synthesis of the 34-hydroxyasimicin and its 3-(4-benzoylphenyl)propionate ester was achieved by means of a convergent synthetic strategy. This ester, which contains eight asymmetric centers, represents the first photoaffinity-labeling agent that is derived from an Annonaceous acetogenin. The key transformations in the synthesis include the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction, the Wittig olefination reaction, an oxidative cyclization reaction with rhenium(vii) oxide, the Williamson etherification reaction, and a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Use of the target molecule for photoaffinity-labeling studies of bovine mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) may shed light on the structure/function of this intricate enzyme and on the origin of the high antitumor activity exhibited by the Annonaceous acetogenins.     

Total Synthesis of Panaginsene

The total synthesis of panaginsene has been accomplished in 11 linear steps starting from methyl 3,3-dimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylate. The key steps are a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Ti(III)-mediated reductive epoxide opening-radical cyclization to construct the chiral quaternary carbon stereocenter followed by a very challenging HWE olefination reaction on an 1,3-keto aldehyde and a late stage McMurry olefination using low valent titanium to construct the highly constrained angular tetrasubstituted olefin in a five-membered ring.     

Studies on the synthesis of DNA-damaging part of leinamycin: regioselectivity in Ti(OiPr)4 mediated opening of hydroxy epoxides with carboxylic acids

The preparation of the key intermediate in the synthesis of the DNA damaging fragment of the anticancer antibiotic leinamycin starting from geraniol is described. The synthetic sequence involves the building of a quaternary asymmetric center through kinetic resolution through Sharpless epoxidation followed by the regioselective opening of the resultant enantiomerically pure hydroxyepoxide and intramolecular Wittig-Horner olefination.     

Asymmetric synthesis of the cytotoxic lactone (+)-cardiobutanolide and two novel analogues

A new asymmetric synthesis of the naturally occurring styryl lactone cardiobutanolide and two novel analogues have been achieved starting from d-xylose. The key steps of the synthesis included an initial zinc mediated reductive THF-ring opening, stereoselective olefination and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. It was shown that cardiobutanolide (1) exhibits promising in vitro antitumour properties against certain human neoplastic cell lines. It was more potent than the commercial anticancer agent doxorubicin against three cell lines (K562, HL-60 and Raji).     

First stereoselective total synthesis of pectinolide H

The stereoselective total synthesis of bio-active pectinolide H (1) is described. Midland’s asymmetric reduction, Sharpless dihydroxylation reactions are involved in generating the stereogenic centers at C-4′, C-5 and C-1′. Other key steps in the synthesis are Sonogashira cross coupling, Z-selective Still–Gennari olefination, one-pot acetonide deprotection–lactonization, and Lindlar’s reaction. This offers a distinctive strategy for the synthesis of γ-lactones.     

Asymmetric dihydroxylation of vinyl sulfones: routes to enantioenriched α-hydroxyaldehydes and the enantioselective syntheses of furan-2(5H)-ones

The asymmetric dihydroxylation of α,β-unsaturated sulfones under Sharpless conditions affords enantioenriched α-hydroxyaldehydes in a complex mixture of dimeric species. These mixtures undergo olefination generating the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters or furan-2(5H)-ones with high levels of enantiomeric excess. The application of this method for the rapid stereoselective synthesis of the furanone natural products; quercus lactone and maritolide, are described.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine using a chiral aziridine based approach

The synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid, (+)-lentiginosine, is described. A key feature of the preparative route is the efficient and stereoselective construction of a dihydroxylated pyrrolidine via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of an aziridine-enoate, which was prepared from commercially available 1-(S)-α-methylbenzylaziridine-2-methanol. In addition, a regioselective aziridine-to-pyrrolidinone ring expansion process followed by a Wittig olefination was employed to construct a late stage pyrrolidine intermediate that was transformed into (+)-lentiginosine.     

Stereocontrolled total synthesis of a polyfunctional carotenoid, peridinin

Peridinin, which was isolated from the planktonic algae dinoflagellates causing red tides, is a highly oxidized carotenoid containing an allene and a characteristic (Z)-gamma-ylidenebutenolide function in the main conjugated polyene chain in addition to functionalized cyclohexane rings at both ends of the molecule. We achieved a stereocontrolled total synthesis of peridinin by featuring the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation under precise reaction conditions, Wittig reaction with silylfuranmethylide followed by photosensitized oxygenation, stereocontrolled Pd-catalyzed one-pot (Z)-gamma-ylidenebutenolide synthesis, and modified Julia-Kocienski olefination. This synthesis is the first example of controlling the stereochemistry of polyfunctional allenic carotenoids.     

Synthetic approaches and total synthesis of natural zoapatanol

[structure: see text] The total synthesis of (+)-zoapatanol utilizing an intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination and an enantioselective Sharpless dihydroxylation as the key steps has been achieved. An advanced oxepene intermediate has been obtained by applying a ring-closing metathesis to an unsaturated enol ether.     

Stereoselective total synthesis of penaresidin A starting from d-galactal

A stereoselective total synthesis of penaresidin A has been accomplished involving Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, regioselective ring-opening of epoxide, azetidine formation via S_N2 reaction, Jung’s protocol, and Julia–Kocienski olefination. This approach has successfully demonstrated the synthetic utility of d-galactal in the construction of azetidine core of the natural product.     

Studies toward asymmetric synthesis of leiodelide A

An enantioselective route for oxazoline 4, a key fragment toward the asymmetric synthesis of leiodelide A, is described. We synthesized northern subunit 6 through a Julia–Lythgoe olefination and subsequent Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. Moreover, a highly diastereoselective method using well-established Evans’ asymmetric aldol condensation was developed for preparation of southern fragment 5. The additional feature of this synthetic route is the formation of oxazoline 4 through DAST-promoted cyclization of the amidation product from subunits 5 and 6.     

Formal synthesis of amphidinin B

An efficient, convergent, and highly stereoselective formal synthesis of amphidinin B (1) is reported herein. In Amphidinin B both C10–C21 (4) and C1–C9 (5) fragments were derived from geraniol 6 and mono-PMB ether of 1,4-butane diol 7 in 19 and 9 steps, respectively. The key steps involved in this synthesis are Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Evans aldol, Julia olefination, oxa-Michael, Keck allylation, Mannich reaction, Evans asymmetric alkylation, and Yamaguchi esterification.