约束冷原子气体的高增益Raman散射光谱

本文研究了不同外部环境中原子气体在强激光抽运下的相干Raman散射光谱, 通过对固定无反弹原子气体(不考虑外部自由度)和自由原子气体增益光谱的理论计算, 得到了和Mollow实验结果基本一致的光谱曲线.通过与Mollow谱线结构的比较, 揭示了在微阱约束情况下原子气体存在不同于以上两种环境的高增益光谱, 该谱线直接反应了约束阱的性质, 谱线呈等间距梳状结构, 谱线尖锐分辨率高, 和传统的冷原子气体散射增益光谱的实验结果相比较有更大量级的光增益现象. 论文还分析了散射谱线增益的物理机理, 清晰地给出了约束情况下原子增益谱线的非线性Raman共振条件.     

精确预言双原子分子Q线系高振转激发态的跃迁谱线

用多重差分的方法,从双原子分子跃迁谱线的普遍表达式出发,已经建立起了预言双原子分子P线系高激发振转跃迁谱线的解析物理公式。采用同样的方法,充分利用现有实验条件下测定的部分振转跃迁谱线数据,文章建立了预言双原子分子Q线系高激发振转跃迁谱线的物理公式。使用该公式和一组经过物理筛选的(15条)精确的实验跃迁谱线,研究了IrN分子A1Π—X1Σ+跃迁系统中(4,1),(3,1)跃迁带的Q支发射光谱。结果表明,该公式不仅很好地重复了所有已知的实验光谱数据,且正确预言了实验没有获得的很多高转动量子态的未知发射谱线,从而提供了一种新的预言高转动量子态的未知跃迁谱线的物理方法。     

外加静电场下激光诱导等离子体特性的实验研究

在外加静电场下，准分子激光诱导等离子体中Ｍｇ原子５５２．８４、５１６．７３、４７０．３０ｎｍ三条发射谱线展宽的时间分辨特性的实验研究，实验测定结果表明，外加静电场导致了原子发射谱线展宽超过Ｓｔａｒｋ展宽，这种额外展宽的大小在０．１ｎｍ左右，其中４７０．３ｎｍ谱线的加宽和线移最大，采用量子理论计算表明这种额外展宽是由于在外电场中作用下作定向运动的电子与激发态原子碰撞所致。     

速度调制激光光谱线型的研究

考虑了速度调制光谱实验中气体分子碰撞所引起的压力增宽对谱线线型的影响,对已有的速度调制光谱的理论进行了修正,并用新的理论对所得到的实验谱线进行了精密仿真.结果表明,修正后的理论与实验结果完全符合,在研究分子离子的碰撞动力学以及进行谱线的高精细分辨等方面将具有广阔的应用前景     

速度调制激光光谱线型的研究

考虑了速度调制光谱实验中气体分子碰撞所引起的压力增宽对谱线线型的影响,对已有的速度调制光谱的理论进行了修正,并用新的理论对所得到的实验谱线进行了精密仿真.结果表明,修正后的理论与实验结果完全符合,在研究分子离子的碰撞动力学以及进行谱线的高精细分辨等方面将具有广阔的应用前景.     

氪原子的近红外吸收光谱的研究

本文利用浓度调制的万法测量了氪原子在11870～12700 cm~(-1)波段的高分辨连续吸收光谱.在实验中,通过对氪气和氦气混合气体进行放电的方法制备氪原子.总共测量了120根氦原子吸收谱线,其中33根谱线是已被报道过的,45根新测量的谱线可以通过已知的氪原子能级进行标定,其它剩下的42根新测量的谱跃迁线根据已知的氪原子能级信息尚无法进行标定.本次实验中的这些未知的42根氪原子的跃迁谱线,可以推断氪原子有尚未被报道或测量过的原子能级存在.本文同时对如何用"Classification"计算软件分析未知氪原子谱线的可能存在的能级进行了演示.     

氪原子的近红外吸收光谱的研究（英文）

本文利用浓度调制的万法测量了氪原子在11870～12700 cm~(-1)波段的高分辨连续吸收光谱.在实验中,通过对氪气和氦气混合气体进行放电的方法制备氪原子.总共测量了120根氦原子吸收谱线,其中33根谱线是已被报道过的,45根新测量的谱线可以通过已知的氪原子能级进行标定,其它剩下的42根新测量的谱跃迁线根据已知的氪原子能级信息尚无法进行标定.本次实验中的这些未知的42根氪原子的跃迁谱线,可以推断氪原子有尚未被报道或测量过的原子能级存在.本文同时对如何用"Classification"计算软件分析未知氪原子谱线的可能存在的能级进行了演示.     

Stark线形与ICF等离子体诊断

本文理论计算了ICF等离子体中离子或原子的发射谱线线形函数,该线形主要是由Stark效应产生的.我们的研究表明该谱线线形函数的宽度随电子温度变化很缓慢,而随电子密度变化很敏感.结合局部热动平衡理论,并利用实验测量的氩(Ar)和硫(S)的α线与β线的线强比,分别估算出等离子体的电子温度为885 eV和793 eV.通过理论计算的Stark线形函数与ICF实验谱线的比较,估算出ICF等离子体的电子密度Ne=1.0×1024.     

基于铷原子双光子跃迁的原子谱线展宽机制教学演示

测量原子光谱是揭示微观粒子微观结构与运动规律的重要手段，因而从本科到研究生阶段都会涉及到相关领域的教学，特别是光谱的相关教学。然而，由多普勒效应等引起的非均匀展宽及原子碰撞等引起的均匀展宽极大限制了谱线的分辨精度。在科学技术的发展中，为了获得更高的分辨精度，消除原子谱线的展宽成为重点研究方向。而在相关教学方面，碱金属原子体系由于其优异的能级特性，成为了研究展宽机制的有效途径。而在目前的本科教学中，缺乏除对多普勒展宽以外的多种原子谱线展宽机制的演示。因此，本文利用铷原子5S_1/2→5P_3/2→5D_5/2双光子跃迁谱线，测量改变激光功率、原子池温度等条件下引起的原子谱线半宽变化，验证双光子跃迁的同时，重点演示了原子谱线展宽的机制以及谱线半宽的测量方法。通过本实验，本科生一方面可以掌握原子谱线展宽与双光子跃迁的相关知识，以更深刻地理解了理论知识的内涵，另一方面通过自主搭建实验仪器锻炼了本科生的动手能力，对提升物理专业本科学生的素养尤为重要。本文所展示的实验装置简单，易于搭建，适合课堂演示和实验教学。     

激光等离子体辐射不透明度的细致模型

细致谱线模型是等离子体辐射不透明度精确计算的理论方法,涉及到很多原子物理过程,需要计算大量的、精确的原子参数.在高温、稠密等离子体环境下,谱线展宽、组态相互作用、电离能下降等效应与不透明度的准确计算密切相关.文章重点介绍了目前作者在辐射不透明度细致谱线模型研究方面取得的进展情况,并且与国内外典型的实验和理论结果进行了对比.     

Coulomb threshold effects in ionization

The KFR theory with Coulomb corrections is used to analyze photoemission spectra from hydrogen atoms immersed in a high-intensity laser field. The results of our treatment qualitatively agree with the experimental data provided by Rudenko et al. [1], reporting the observation of peaks in the ionization signal for intensities in the tunneling regime. The positions of these peaks seem to be intensity independent. The interpretation of such a phenomenon based on the applied Coulomb-corrected KFR theory attributes the above-mentioned features of the photoionization spectra to the rescattering and channel-closing phenomena.     

Auger rates of second-row atoms calculated by many-body perturbation theory

Many-body perturbation theory is applied to calculate the KLL Auger rates of all terms of atoms C, N, F and Ne. Theoretical rates are compared with experiment and other theories for Ne and O. A new set of the Auger satellites, corresponding to the main photoelectron line binding energy is proposed. The intensities of these satellites are calculated and some of these satellites are identified in experimental KLL Auger spectra of Ne.     

Experimental observation of rotational Doppler broadening in a molecular system

The first experimental evidence of rotational Doppler broadening in photoelectron spectra, reported here, show good agreement with recently described theoretical predictions. The dependence of the broadening on temperature and photoelectron kinetic energy is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The experiments verify that the rotational contributions to the linewidth are comparable to those from translational Doppler broadening and must be considered in the analysis of high-resolution photoelectron spectra. A classical model accounting for this newly observed effect is presented.     

The photoelectron spectra of perfluoro-2-butyne and perfluorohexa-2,4-diyne. The perfluorination effect

The He(I) photoelectron spectra of perfluoro-2-butyne and perfluorohexa-2,4-diyne are reported and discussed in comparison with the photoelectron spectra of 2-butyne and hexa-2,4-diyne. Large π shifts (ca. 2 eV) towards higher ionization energies are observed as a consequence of complete substitution of hydrogen by fluorine. EXTHUC and CNDO/S calculations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. A new vibrational analysis of the first band of the perfluoro-2-butyne is proposed.     

基于Gelius模型计算的C60和C70的紫外光电子能谱

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上对两种富勒烯C₆₀和C₇₀进行了构型优化. 在此基础上,并基于Gelius模型, 计算了这两种富勒烯的紫外光电子能谱曲线. 理论计算的曲线同实验曲线符合的很好.此外, 从理论曲线并结合量子化学计算的结果, 可以看到, C₇₀分子上不同化学环境的的碳原子对紫外光电子能谱曲线的贡献是不同的.     

Improving KFR Theory by Dressing Atomic Initial States

This paper is devoted to nonperturbative theoretical treatments for the above-thresholdionization (ATI) phenomena. It is shown that the bare atomic initial state approximation in Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss (KFR) theory leads to a fundamental theoretical difficulty and thus, has to be modified by properly dressing the atomic initial state with an. appropriate laser-electron interaction term. The analytical result of the improved S-matrix for general situations is obtained and is applied to hydrogen Is-state with linearly polarized laser of various intensities. The numerical simulations of our applications indicate that the improved theory is not only more reasonable on theoretical aspect, but also closer to experimental measurements.     

Relative intensities in x-ray photoelectron spectra: Part IV. The effect of elastic scattering in a solid on the free path of electrons and their angular distribution

A new expression for the intensity of X-ray photoelectron spectra is derived with due allowance for multiple elastic scattering of photoelectrons durin     

Photoelectron spectroscopy of C(84) dianions

We report the laser photoelectron spectra of doubly negatively charged C84 (D2 and D(2d)) using 532 nm and 355 nm radiation. From these spectra, values for the second electron affinity and vertical detachment energy, as well as upper and lower limits for the repulsive Coulomb barrier, are obtained. These values are discussed in the context of classical electrostatic models. The experimental spectra are compared with the accessible excited states of the C-84 product ion calculated in the framework of time dependent density functional theory.     

Interplay of intra-atomic and interatomic effects: an investigation of the 2p core level spectra of atomic Fe and molecular FeCl2

The 2p photoabsorption and photoelectron spectra of atomic Fe and molecular FeCl2 were studied by photoion and photoelectron spectroscopy using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and atomic or molecular beam technique. The atomic spectra were analyzed with configuration interaction calculations yielding excellent agreement between experiment and theory. For the analysis of the molecular photoelectron spectrum which shows pronounced interatomic effects, a charge transfer model was used, introducing an additional 3d(7) configuration. The resulting good agreement between the experimental and theoretical spectrum and the remarkable similarity of the molecular with the corresponding spectrum in the solid phase opens a way to a better understanding of the interplay of the interatomic and intra-atomic interactions in the 2p core level spectra of the 3d metal compounds.     

Evolution of the electronic structures of NixSiy ordered systems: experimental and theoretical investigations

We study the change of the electronic structures of nickel silicides, Ni₃Si and NiSi₂, as well as nickel and silicon through the evolution of their valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra (v-XPS) both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental spectra are compared to the total and partial densities of states using tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method (TB-LMTO) in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA). Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. Received 10 July 2000