振动盘式粘度计及R403B和R413A气相粘度的实验测量

建立了国内第一台振动盘式粘度计测量气体的粘度，扭丝采用钛镍合金丝．得到了测量的工作方程．在利用测量的ＨＣＦＣ２２的气相粘度进行校核的基础上测量了Ｒ４０３Ｂ在温度３０３－３６３Ｋ，压力０．１～２．１４ＭＰａ 内的气相粘度，及Ｒ４１３Ａ在温度３０５～３６３Ｋ，压力０．１～１．８２ ＭＰａ 内的气相粘度，并回归了其粘度计算方程．     

含散射闪光照相系统的布局优化

为了提高现有照相系统的图像品质,对使用CCD探测器的法国客体(FTO)照相布局进行了优化,获得最佳图像品质因子下的照相布局。研究结果为:在模糊实验测量结果和高斯分布近似下,系统放大倍率为2.0;后保护器件距离客体50 cm;系统布局总长与探测系统的噪声相关,噪声越大,布局总长越短,最优布局总长的范围为3~5 m;实验验证了这一结果。     

The bobylev approach to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation

The Bobylev approach to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation is reviewed. The linearized problem is discussed and it is shown that eigenfunctions decaying like a negative power of the velocity are possible with Maxwell molecules only. The relaxation to equilibrium according to the nonlinear equation is discussed and the Krook-Wu conjecture on the status of the BKW mode is shown to be false in general. The buildup of the high-energy tails is considered and a phenomenon observed by Tjon is given a simple explanation. Finally, the method is illustrated with numerical calculations performed for two sets of initial conditions.     

The onset of convection of a poorly conducting fluid in a modulated thermal field

The stability of a poorly conducting fluid in a constant electric field of a horizontal capacitor is investigated under a variable temperature gradient. It is assumed that free charge in the fluid is generated only due to the nonhomogeneous conductivity of the fluid. The Floquet theory is used to determine the convection thresholds. The instability boundaries and the characteristics of critical perturbations are determined. In addition to the synchronous and subharmonic responses to an external action, the instability can be attributed to quasiperiodic perturbations. The low-frequency limit of modulation is considered by an asymptotic method. The critical electric Rayleigh number is represented as a function of inverse frequency and heating level.     

High-Breakdown-Voltage Submicron InGaAs/InP Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor with ft=170GHz and fmax=253GHz

The layer structure of InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) is designed to enhance the frequency performance and breakdown voltage. The composition-graded base structure is used to decrease the base transit time. The InGaAs setback layer and two highly doped InGaAsP layers are used to eliminate the conduction band spike of the collector. The submicron-emitter InGaAs/InP DHBT is fabricated successfully. The base contact resistance is greatly decreased by optimization of contact metals. The breakdown voltage is more than 6V. The current gain cutoff frequency is as high as 170GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency reached 253GHz. The DHBT with such high performances can be used to make W-band power amplifier.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱分析三种彝药材

傅里叶变换红外光谱研究三种彝药材的指纹图谱,并初步分析了它们的有效药物成分和图谱的关系.在金丝杜仲的块根中,淀粉纤维素含量高,而在真金草和回心草中,纤维素和蛋白质的含量更高些.实验发现,金丝杜仲的止血功能和溶血功能可能与所含鞣质类物质和四环三萜类成分有关.真金草的抗梅毒作用可能源于其中的生物碱的生理活性,其活血作用也与四环三萜类物质成分有关,所含多糖和苷则对治疗肝炎有效.回心草的安神作用可能与所含的三萜皂元成分有关,三萜皂元具有安定作用.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法可以方便、快速和准确地分析中药材的某些有效成分,文章对三种药材的部分药物疗效在分子水平上给出了一定的科学依据.     

基于旋转扫描探头的OCT内窥成像系统设计*

为了同时获取样品的表面和深度信息,研究光学相干层析的成像原理,建立了基于光学相干层析技术的内窥系统,实现了旋转扫描成像,系统的工作波长为1 310 nm,工作带宽为80 nm.理论推导及计算机仿真得到了系统信噪比与干涉仪的分光比、反射率之间的关系并分析了理论分辨率和探测深度.提出外径为5 mm的内窥镜扫描探头,聚焦距离为12 mm,数值孔径NA为0.47,折射率分布常量A=0.218 7.利用微型电机驱动直角棱镜实现扫描,旋转速度为25 rpm,旋转一周得到640个采样点.采用多层盖玻片和洋葱表皮作为样品进行实验分析,得到了盖玻片和洋葱的图像,横向分辨率和纵向分辨率分别为10 μm和15 μm.结果表明,设计的光学相干层析内窥系统能够用于旋转扫描成像,获取更多的组织信息.     

基于MATLAB的LED阵列的研究与仿真

由于单颗LED的功率很小,作为照明光源使用时需要采用LED阵列形式。首先推导LED阵列的照度叠加公式,根据叠加公式对阵列进行仿真,以圆形为例分析LED在平面上的均匀分布以及以球表面为例分析LED在曲面上的均匀分布。给出两种LED阵列分布的仿真结果,得出不同阵列的分布特点。指出圆面阵列的照射范围比较集中,此类阵列分布的灯具适用于照射面较小且比较集中的照射领域;球表面上的阵列的照射分布范围比较广,呈圆面,此类阵列分布的灯具适用于照射面较大但照度要求不是很高的照射区域。该结果为LED灯具设计提供了依据。     

基于旋转扫描探头的OCT内窥成像系统设计

为了同时获取样品的表面和深度信息,研究光学相干层析的成像原理,建立了基于光学相干层析技术的内窥系统,实现了旋转扫描成像,系统的工作波长为1 310 nm,工作带宽为80 nm.理论推导及计算机仿真得到了系统信噪比与干涉仪的分光比、反射率之间的关系并分析了理论分辨率和探测深度.提出外径为5 mm的内窥镜扫描探头,聚焦距离为12 mm,数值孔径NA为0.47,折射率分布常量A=0.218 7.利用微型电机驱动直角棱镜实现扫描,旋转速度为25 rpm,旋转一周得到640个采样点.采用多层盖玻片和洋葱表皮作为样品进行实验分析,得到了盖玻片和洋葱的图像,横向分辨率和纵向分辨率分别为10 μm和15 μm.结果表明,设计的光学相干层析内窥系统能够用于旋转扫描成像,获取更多的组织信息.     

基于双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器的大动态范围微波光子下变频方法

为了提高微波光子下变频链路的性能,提出了基于集成双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器的微波光子下变频方法.通过理论推导和数值仿真分析了系统的增益和无杂散动态范围,实验搭建了基于双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器的下变频链路,控制直流偏置电压使双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器工作在高载波抑制的双边带调制模式,并对链路进行了性能测试.实验结果表明:该下变频链路的增益为7.43 d B,无杂散动态范围达到了110.85 d B/Hz2/3,工作频段可覆盖5—18 GHz的宽频范围.基于双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器的下变频方法可优化设计输出频谱,系统结构简单、易于实现,为微波光子下变频链路提供了有效的解决方案.     

自由空间无衍射光通信模拟系统及其传输性能

无衍射光的中心光斑直径相对于高斯光束较小且发散角为零,在自由空间光通信领域具有良好的应用前景。介绍了一种自由空间无衍射光通信模拟实验系统,它通过串口连接上位机,应用微处理器进行信号的调制与解调,采用双头脉冲间隔调制,无衍射光的发生使用圆锥透镜法,在接收端使用PIN光电二极管将光信号转换为电信号,再经过放大电路、整形电路和微处理器的解调,最后通过串口将数据传输给上位机。上位机通过对发送数据与接收数据的对比计算出误码率,进而给出整个系统的传输性能评价。在无衍射光的最大传输距离内,当比特率为9 600 bps时,该系统的误码率优于610-5。     

基于后推式航空数字相机像移补偿试验及效果评价

分析了航空数字相机像移的产生机理,提出了一种后推式像移补偿方法。搭建了航空数字相机的航拍仿真试验台,通过微米电机控制相机镜头反向运动的补偿速度和补偿量,实现后推式像移补偿。利用图像清晰度评价补偿前后的图像效果,补偿后像移残差值低于1/3像素。最后给出了后推式补偿方法与软件补偿方法的对比,结果表明,后推式补偿方法在补偿精度方面优于软件补偿方法,说明了该方法的可行性。     

Mechanical and optical design for assembly of vascular endothelial cells using laser guidance and tweezers

Laser is applied to guide and tweeze the vascular endothelial cells for assembly. The system is composed of three modules: laser guidance, micro channels and laser tweezers. The micro channel includes the assembly area, main channel and branch channels. The optical module is equipped with laser source, beam splitter, reflectors and lenses. The endothelial cells are delivered to main channel and guided through branch channel to the assembly area by laser. The optical tweezers then move the cells to the proper position. The design of optical modules is conducted for the maximum capability of manipulating cells. The micro channel is designed based on fluid mechanics to minimize the fluidic disturbance to the cells in the assembly area, and is fabricated by photo lithography. Polystyrene micro beads and endothelial cells are successfully guided and tweezed by this approach. The associated escape velocity and dragging force are investigated.     

Entropic Dynamics: Quantum Mechanics from Entropy and Information Geometry

Entropic Dynamics (ED) is a framework in which Quantum Mechanics (QM) is derived as an application of entropic methods of inference. The magnitude of the wave function is manifestly epistemic: its square is a probability distribution. The epistemic nature of the phase of the wave function is also clear: it controls the flow of probability. The dynamics is driven by entropy subject to constraints that capture the relevant physical information. The central concern is to identify those constraints and how they are updated. After reviewing previous work I describe how considerations from information geometry allow us to derive a phase space geometry that combines Riemannian, symplectic, and complex structures. The ED that preserves these structures is QM. The full equivalence between ED and QM is achieved by taking account of how gauge symmetry and charge quantization are intimately related to quantum phases and the single‐valuedness of wave functions.     

激光测距机三轴平行性智能检测校正方法研究

提出了一种激光测距机三轴平行性智能的检测校正方法。建立了光轴平行性偏差与偏心环(框)旋转角度之间的数学模型,利用传感器得到激光发射轴与瞄准轴之间的平行性偏差,根据所建立的数学模型计算出偏心环(框)需要调整的角度值,利用步进电机使偏心环(框)转动相应的角度,从而物镜产生径向移动,实现激光测距机光轴的校正。此方法在检测激光测距机光轴平行性的同时实现了光轴的自动校正,也适用于其它具有双偏心结构的光学仪器。     

Gauge invariance and the dirac equation

The gauge invariance of the Dirac equation is reviewed and gauge-invariant operators are defined. The Hamiltonian is shown to be gauge dependent, and an energy operator is defined which is gauge invariant. Gauge-invariant operators corresponding to observables are shown to satisfy generalized Ehrenfest theorems. The time rate of change of the expectation value of the energy operator is equal to the expectation value of the power operator. The virial theorem is proved for a relativistic electron in a time-varying electromagnetic field. The conventional approach to probability amplitudes, using the eigenstates of the unperturbed Hamiltonian, is shown in general to be gauge dependent. A gaugeinvariant procedure for probability amplitudes is given, in which eigenstates of the energy operator are used. The two methods are compared by applying them to an electron in a zero electromagnetic field in an arbitrary gauge. Presented at the Dirac Symposium, Loyola University, New Orleans, May 1981.     

Equation of the Crack Front with Allowance for the Metric Properties of the Material

The geometric representation of the crack front propagation is examined in a Finsler space in the context of the discontinuity theory. The structure of the medium is taken into account via the connectivity coefficients of the Finsler space and its metric. It is demonstrated that this approach leads to the construction of fiber spaces and allows the gauge invariance to be introduced correctly and noncontradictorily into the fracture theory. The Lie derivative is used to proceed from discontinuities to differentials. The equation of the front crack surface is retrieved.     

月基望远镜热设计及热分析

为了利用月球观测地球等离子体层的优势,开展了月基望远镜的研究,并对其进行了热设计和热分析.分析了月基望远镜所处的空间环境.对望远镜各个部分进行了热设计;采用被动热控措施控制望远镜的温度水平,降低空间环境的影响;采用热疏导的方式对探测器进行散热.根据月基望远镜的空间环境、结构特点,以及采取的热控措施,在I-DEAS/TM...     

钛的腐蚀与钝化机理电子理论研究

建立了位错塞集引发的裂纹原子集团模型,采用递归法计算了钛的电子结构参量,并研究了氧、氯、钯等元素对钛电子结构的影响.发现氧能降低费米能级附近的态密度,使钛的物理化学活性降低.氧降低钛的原子结合能,与钛原子之间有较大的亲和力,易与钛反应形成氧化膜.Cl在钛中的稳定性及与钛的亲和力均不及氧,很难取代钛表层中的氧,使得钛的氧化膜非常稳定,不会出现过钝化现象.Pd在钛中裂纹处的环境敏感镶嵌能较低,易扩散到裂纹处,且Pd元素使H在裂纹处的环境敏感镶嵌能明显升高,有效减小H向裂纹处的扩散,提高钛的应力腐蚀抵抗力. 关键词： 钛 腐蚀 钝化 电子结构