乳液型清防蜡剂QFJ-1的研制

乳液型清防蜡剂QFJ-1的研制;油井结蜡; 清蜡剂; 防蜡剂; 乳状液; 破乳     

玉门稠油组分特征及其对结蜡行为的影响

为了研究稠油不同组分的特征及其相互作用,利用柱层色谱分离法、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和偏光显微分析等表征方法及手段,对采自玉门油田的稠油样品进行了组分分离、分析,并对饱和烃组分结蜡行为的影响进行了研究。结果表明,稠油各组分相互作用可以有效抑制蜡晶的析出。饱和烃组分（A₁）中分别加入其他不同极性组分后,其结蜡行为与原油原始状态差异较大;A₁的析蜡点、析蜡峰温和析蜡量均有所降低。偏光显微分析发现胶质沥青质组分使A₁冷却结晶时的蜡晶颗粒数增多,尺寸相对减小,可以减弱蜡晶之间的联结强度,削弱蜡晶缔合而形成大块蜡晶聚集体的倾向。     

Sm-Co共掺杂锶铁氧体的固相制备与磁防蜡性能

以硝酸锶、硝酸铁、硝酸钐、硝酸钴为原料,采用低热固相法制备出前驱体,经灼烧后得到最终产物,使用XRD、EDX、SEM对其表征,表明产物为Sm-Co共掺杂的Sr_1-xSm_xCo_xFe_12-xO₁₉（x=0~0.5）锶铁氧体;并发现所制产物具有单一的六方相晶体结构,粒子尺寸在40~100 nm,随着Sm-Co掺杂量的增大,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。经VSM测试：产物的磁性能（M_s,M_r,H_c）随Sm-Co的共掺杂量的增加（0~0.5）,先增大后减小,在x=0.1时表现为最大值（M_s=64.32 A·m²·kg^-1、M_r=36.17 A·m²·kg^-1、Hc=417.45 kA·m^-1）。将制得的共掺杂锶铁氧体磁粉,添加到醇酸清漆中形成防蜡涂层,通过拉伸强度测试、涂层防蜡率实验、以及晶相显微表征,发现该涂层随磁粉用量增加,抗拉强度提高;同时随磁粉磁性的增强,涂层的防蜡效果增加,在磁粉用量为2%时,涂层磁性最大,防蜡率也达到最大值77.3%。     

实验室中化学药品的蜡封式保护

试剂瓶封闭不严,使气体向瓶内外流动,是造成很多化学药品发生变化的主要原因。气体流动的量越多,化学药品变化的程度就越大。化学药品运用蜡封式保护,其效果最好。分析和叙述了熔融态石蜡的表面张力、蜡封的适宜温度。确定了蜡封的位置,叙述了楔形笔的制作以及蜡封的操作过程和方法。     

Sm-Co共掺杂锶铁氧体的固相制备与磁防蜡性能

以硝酸锶、硝酸铁、硝酸钐、硝酸钴为原料,采用低热固相法制备出前驱体,经灼烧后得到最终产物,使用XRD、EDX、SEM对其表征,表明产物为Sm-Co共掺杂的Sr1-xSmxCoxFe12-xO19(x=0~0.5)锶铁氧体;并发现所制产物具有单一的六方相晶体结构,粒子尺寸在40~100 nm,随着Sm-Co掺杂量的增大,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。经VSM测试:产物的磁性能(Ms,Mr,Hc)随Sm-Co的共掺杂量的增加(0~0.5),先增大后减小,在x=0.1时表现为最大值(Ms=64.32 A·m2·kg-1、Mr=36.17 A·m2·kg-1、Hc=417.45 k A·m-1)。将制得的共掺杂锶铁氧体磁粉,添加到醇酸清漆中形成防蜡涂层,通过拉伸强度测试、涂层防蜡率实验、以及晶相显微表征,发现该涂层随磁粉用量增加,抗拉强度提高;同时随磁粉磁性的增强,涂层的防蜡效果增加,在磁粉用量为2%时,涂层磁性最大,防蜡率也达到最大值77.3%。     

固定床反应器费-托合成粗蜡的组成特性

利用~1HNMR谱和IR谱研究粗蜡的组成结构特性,表明费-托合成粗蜡含有少量的醇、酮、酯及α-烯烃。用~1HNMR法和IR法分别测定了不同脱蜡温度样品的支化度(BI)和结晶度,表明较高脱蜡温度下得到的蜡杂质量较少,支化度较小,结晶度较高,因而蜡的质量也高。文中还提出了计算支化度和结晶度的公式,给出了粗蜡的熔点、凝固点、酸值、酯值、皂化值、碘值及平均分子量等物化性质,为粗蜡精制提供了信息。     

蜡相分光光度法研究（Ⅰ）—镍的测定

以镍（Ⅱ）－丁二酮肟－石蜡体系为对象，提出一种新的固相（蜡相）分光光度法，并研究了方法的最佳实验条件；镍量在０～３０μｇ／５０ｍＬ范围内服从比尔定律。本法将显色、富集、分离、测定结合起来，选择性好、灵敏度高。应用于工业废水中镍的测定，结果满意。     

Sm-Co共掺杂锶铁氧体的固相制备与磁防蜡性能（英文）

以硝酸锶、硝酸铁、硝酸钐、硝酸钴为原料,采用低热固相法制备出前驱体,经灼烧后得到最终产物,使用XRD、EDX、SEM对其表征,表明产物为Sm-Co共掺杂的Sr1-xSmxCoxFe12-xO19(x=0~0.5)锶铁氧体;并发现所制产物具有单一的六方相晶体结构,粒子尺寸在40~100 nm,随着Sm-Co掺杂量的增大,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。经VSM测试:产物的磁性能(Ms,Mr,Hc)随Sm-Co的共掺杂量的增加(0~0.5),先增大后减小,在x=0.1时表现为最大值(Ms=64.32 A·m2·kg-1、Mr=36.17 A·m2·kg-1、Hc=417.45 k A·m-1)。将制得的共掺杂锶铁氧体磁粉,添加到醇酸清漆中形成防蜡涂层,通过拉伸强度测试、涂层防蜡率实验、以及晶相显微表征,发现该涂层随磁粉用量增加,抗拉强度提高;同时随磁粉磁性的增强,涂层的防蜡效果增加,在磁粉用量为2%时,涂层磁性最大,防蜡率也达到最大值77.3%。     

玉门稠油组分特征及其对结蜡行为的影响

为了研究稠油不同组分的特征及其相互作用,利用柱层色谱分离法、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微分析等表征方法及手段,对采自玉门油田的稠油样品进行了组分分离、分析,并对饱和烃组分结蜡行为的影响进行了研究。结果表明,稠油各组分相互作用可以有效抑制蜡晶的析出。饱和烃组分(A1)中分别加入其他不同极性组分后,其结蜡行为与原油原始状态差异较大;A1的析蜡点、析蜡峰温和析蜡量均有所降低。偏光显微分析发现胶质沥青质组分使A1冷却结晶时的蜡晶颗粒数增多,尺寸相对减小,可以减弱蜡晶之间的联结强度,削弱蜡晶缔合而形成大块蜡晶聚集体的倾向。     

转相乳化制备高分子蜡乳液及其在水性涂料中的应用

本文采用转相乳化法以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(MOA-15)、丙二醇嵌段聚醚(L31)、月桂酸聚氧乙烯酯(LAE-4)为复合乳化剂对高分子蜡进行乳化,通过正交实验法得出了乳化高分子蜡的较佳工艺条件为:复合乳化剂的HLB值9,乳化剂用量8%,乳化温度80℃。通过动态激光光散射分析仪测试了蜡乳液的粒径分布,蜡乳液粒径为317.6nm。通过动态流变研究了高分子蜡乳液的模量与动态频率的关系,测试结果表明,蜡乳液体系具有较佳的黏弹性。将蜡乳液与水性树脂复配,研究了不同蜡乳液含量对水性涂料涂膜性能的影响。随着蜡乳液含量从0增加至4%时,涂膜的磨耗量从29.2mg降至13.9mg,吸水率从34.1%降至20.5%,涂膜光泽度不断增加。     

蜡的改性及其乳化

综述了改性蜡的合成和制备乳化蜡的工艺方法,参考文献２５篇。     

Wax treatment of wood slows photodegradation

Waxes and wax emulsions are one of the most important solutions for non-biocidal wood protection. Wax treated wood is designed for outdoor use, therefore it is of considerable importance to elucidate the influence of weathering on the photodegradation processes. It is presumed, that wax treatment will reduce water uptake and thus reduce or slow down photodegradation processes. In order to test this hypothesis, three types of wax emulsions at two different concentrations were vacuum impregnated into Norway spruce wood specimens: an emulsion of montan wax (LGE), an emulsion of polyethylene (WE1) and an emulsion of oxidized polyethylene (WE6) wax. The samples were exposed to artificial accelerated weathering (AAW) for 500 cycles. Before and after AAW colour, the contact angle of water and moisture content were determined. Chemical and morphological changes at exposed surfaces were also investigated with FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. In parallel, the uptake of wax emulsions and water into the axial surfaces of samples was determined with a tensiometer. The moisture content measurements showed that the best hydrophobic effect was achieved with LGE treated wood, where the lowest colour and FTIR changes were observed as well. These results were supported by tensiometer measurements as well. Presented data clearly showed that high loadings of waxes reduce or at least slow down weathering. Among tested waxes, montan wax was found the most effective.     

Wax content measurements in partially frozen paraffinic systems

Waxy solid content and wax composition were measured as a function of temperature below the onset crystallization temperatures in several synthetic systems made up of a solvent (decane) and a paraffinic heavy fraction. The heavy fraction of the first system studied was made up of a regular series of heavy alkanes ranging from C₁₈ to C₃₆. Whereas in other systems, some intermediate paraffins were removed from the series in order to have various «bimodal» distributions. Experimental data were used to test the capacity of a local composition model to predict solid phase behaviors of these bimodal paraffinic distributions.     

CdTe量子点在液体石蜡体系的制备

选用液体石蜡作为高温反应溶剂, 油酸和TOP(三正辛基膦)分别作为镉源和碲源的溶剂兼配体, 利用高温热解法一步合成了高质量的CdTe量子点. 借助紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、透射电子显微镜及X射线粉末衍射等分析手段对产物的性能进行表征. 结果表明, 反应的温度、反应时间、溶液的浓度、配体的数量均对量子点的生长过程和光学性质有明显影响. 利用这种方法制得的CdTe量子点均为立方闪锌矿结构, 粒径范围为3~7 nm, 最大发射波长在570~720 nm范围内连续可调, 荧光量子产率最高达到65%, 并且具有良好的热稳定性.     

Determination of Microcrystalline Wax in a Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer by Turbidimetry

Abstract

A method is described for the determination of microcrystalline wax in butadiene-styrene copolymer pellets at levels ranging from 0.10 to 0.55 wt. %. Polymer pellets are contacted with hot isooctane. The mixture is cooled and the solvent decanted. Following further cooling, the turbidity of the extracted solution is measured. The amouit of microcrystalline wax is calculated using a calibration curve derived from prepared standards. The limit of detection is 0.1% microcrystalline wax, due to sample background turbidity.     

低相对分子质量反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯蜡的合成

负载钛催化剂;催化剂;钛;配位聚合;氢气;低聚物;低相对分子质量反式-1;4-聚异戊二烯蜡的合成     

超细负载型Ni/SiO2 催化剂用于虫白蜡加氢反应

用醇盐法制备了超细负载型催化剂Ni／SiO2,并应用于虫白蜡的高压催化加氢反应。通过TEM,XRD考察了催化剂的物相及结构特征。结果表明该催化剂载体物相为非晶态,催化剂活性中心高度分散于载体上,粒径小于10nm。催化剂的加氢活性随Ni负载量的增加而提高,负载量为20％时氢化效果最佳。     

Anti-Herpes Simplex 1 Activity of Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Wax

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) wax is used for various dermatological and pharmaceutical applications. Several reports have previously shown beneficial properties of Jojoba wax and extracts, including antimicrobial activity. The current research aimed to elucidate the impact of Jojoba wax on skin residential bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), fungal (Malassezia furfur), and virus infection (herpes simplex 1; HSV-1). First, the capacity of four commercial wax preparations to attenuate their growth was evaluated. The results suggest that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Malassezia furfur was unaffected by Jojoba in pharmacologically relevant concentrations. However, the wax significantly attenuated HSV-1 plaque formation. Next, a complete dose–response analysis of four different Jojoba varieties (Benzioni, Shiloah, Hatzerim, and Sheva) revealed a similar anti-viral effect with high potency (EC₅₀ of 0.96 ± 0.4 µg/mL) that blocked HSV-1 plaque formation. The antiviral activity of the wax was also confirmed by real-time PCR, as well as viral protein expression by immunohistochemical staining. Chemical characterization of the fatty acid and fatty alcohol composition was performed, showing high similarity between the wax of the investigated varieties. Lastly, our results demonstrate that the observed effects are independent of simmondsin, repeatedly associated with the medicinal impact of Jojoba wax, and that Jojoba wax presence is required to gain protection against HSV-1 infection. Collectively, our results support the use of Jojoba wax against HSV-1 skin infections.     

键合聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐的聚丙烯蜡的制备及其抗菌活性

在Hakke转矩流变仪中,将聚丙烯蜡（PPw）接枝马来酸酐（PPW—g—MAH）与聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐（PHMG）熔融反应,得到具有抗茵性能的聚丙烯蜡（PPW—g—PHMG）。透射电镜显示PHMG在PPw一舻PHMG上呈纳米尺度均匀分布。将聚丙烯与PPW—g—PHMG混合,混和物（PP／PPw—g—PHMG）的抑茵圈法和贴膜法抗茵性能测试结果显示：样品对大肠杆菌具有优异的抗菌性能。经过提纯后,PP／PPw—g—PHMG没有出现PHMG的溶出,具有非溶出性的、持久的抗茵功能。     

The Possibility of Wax Formation in Gas Fields： a Case Study

Natural gas production from a gas reservoir(Reservoir A)located in the south of Iran,presents solids deposition during processing because the condensate contains suspended and dissolved solids.Solids deposition occurs not only in the transportation lines from the wells to the separators but also in the various operating units of gas streams and condensate stream.In this study,the multisolid-phase model has been used to predict the wax precipitation from gas and gas condensate fluids.The properties of gas and liquid phases are described using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)equation of state.The model is then used to predict the possibility of the wax formation in Reservoir A gas facilities,located at the south of Iran.Solid deposition which occurred in the various streams of that facility confirmed the calculated results.Finally,the wax appearance temperature(WAT),the weight percent of wax formation and the effects of pressure and temperature on the wax formation were also predicted.