复杂介质中任意阶频率依赖耗散声波的分数阶导数模型

实验现象表明,声波在复杂介质中传播时,其衰减往往呈现频率的任意次幂律依赖现象.鉴于复杂介质的力学和物理性质的记忆性和长程相关性,频率幂律依赖的声波衰减现象难以用经典的声波方程描述,因为经典的阻尼波方程和近似热黏性波方程只能分别描述与频率无关和频率二次方依赖的声衰减.近年来,带有分数阶导数项的声波方程已被成功用于描述这一声衰减现象.基于课题组对声波衰减分数阶导数建模的研究,对已有的分数阶导数声波方程的研究进展及获得的成果做一个系统的综述,重点讨论这些模型的力学本构、统计力学解释等.简述了软物质中声波传播的时间分数阶导数唯象模型和本构模型,空间分数阶导数唯象模型和本构模型,并深入讨论了各种模型之间的联系与区别:介绍了分数阶导数声波模型在多孔介质中的成功应用,该部分内容涉及了均匀和非均匀多孔介质,刚性固体骨架和可变形固体骨架多孔介质等;通过空间分数阶扩散方程与Levy稳定分布之间的联系,给出了频率幂律依赖指数的变化区间为[0,2]的统计力学解释.最后,讨论了声波传播耗散行为的分数阶导数建模领域仍然存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨和展望.     

广义Maxwell黏弹性流体在两平板间的非定常流动

将分数阶微积分运算引入Maxwell黏弹性流体的本构方程，研究了黏弹性流体在两平板问的非定常流动．对于广义Maxwell黏弹性流体的分数阶导数模型，导出了对时间具有分数阶导数的特殊运动方程，利用分数阶微积分的Laplace变换理论，得到了流动的解析解．     

冲击载荷作用下柱壳链中的弹性波传播简化模型及其解析解

柱壳链能引起波形的弥散,具备操控波形的潜力。建立了柱壳链结构的等效连续介质模型和细观有限元模型,研究了质量块冲击作用下柱壳链中的弹性应力波传播过程及其几何弥散特性。基于考虑横向惯性修正的Rayleigh-Love波动方程,建立了柱壳链在质量块冲击下的控制方程,采用Laplace变换及其逆变换获得了位移场、速度场和应变场的解析解,所得结果与细观有限元模拟结果较好吻合。结果表明,在冲击过程中应变和速度峰值均逐渐减小,应变峰值、振荡幅度和波形前沿宽度与泊松比和惯性半径相关,泊松比和惯性半径越大,应变峰值越小,应变分布振荡越剧烈,波形前沿宽度越宽。     

短脉冲激光加热分数阶导热及其热应力研究

短脉冲激光加热引起材料内部复杂的传热过程及热变形,现有的以Fourier定律或Cattaneo-Vernotte松弛方程结合弹性理论为框架建立起来热应力理论在刻画其热物理过程存在严重缺陷. 本文基于分数阶微积分理论, 以半空间为研究对象, 建立了分数阶Cattaneo热传导方程和相应的热应力方程, 给出了问题的初始条件和边界条件, 采用拉普拉斯变换方法, 给出了非高斯时间分布激光热源辐射下温度场和热应力场的解析解, 研究了短脉冲激光加热的温度场及热应力场的热物理行为. 数值计算中, 首先对理论解进行数值验证, 然后取分数阶变量$p=0.5$研究温度场和热应力场的变化特点及激光参数对温度和热应力的影响,最后数值计算分数阶参数对温度和热应力场的影响. 计算结果表明, 分数阶Cattaneo传热方程和热应力方程描述的温度和热应力任然具有波动特性,与经典的Fourier传热模型和标准的Cattaneo传热模型相比, 分数阶阶次越大, 热波波速越小, 热波波动性越明显; 反之, 则热波波速越大, 热扩散性越强.激光加热和冷却的速度越快, 温度上升和下降的速度越快, 压应力和拉应力交替变化越快, 温度变化幅值越小, 热应力幅值影响不明显.      

岩石流变分数阶模型研究

以Kelvin流变模型为研究对象,提出了一种分数阶Kelvin流变模型。首先,把Kelvin模型中的整数阶导数改为分数阶导数,考虑到岩石材料的频率通常不超过1000 Hz,在分数阶拟合时,拟合频段选取为[0 1000],进而利用Oustalop滤波算法把分数阶表示为整数阶模式;其次,利用试验数据对分数阶模型进行参数识别,考虑到分数阶Kelvin模型具有强非线性的特点,引入了Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法来确定未知参数;最后,对于频域表示的流变方程,利用Laplace逆变换获得流变精确表达式。仿真实例表明本文方法可以很好地反映岩石流变特性。     

文章导读

复杂介质中任意阶频率依赖耗散声波的分数阶导数模型(1265–1280, doi：10.6052/0459-1879-16-186)蔡伟,陈文
　　声波在复杂介质中传播时,其衰减往往表现为频率的幂函数形式.综述了软物质中声波传播的分数阶导数本构模型和唯象模型;讨论了时间和空间分数阶导数黏性耗散声波方程的联系与区别;介绍了频率幂律依赖指数在[0,2]之间变化的统计力学解释;概述了多孔介质中的分数阶导数声波方程。     

密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性研究

均匀圆柱壳链可以调控弹性波传播, 引入密度梯度有望进一步提高波形调控能力. 通过建立密度梯度柱壳链的细观有限元模型和连续介质模型, 研究了密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性. 通过将密度梯度柱壳链等效为变密度连续介质弹性杆, 建立了其在应力脉冲作用下的控制方程. 运用拉普拉斯积分变换方法, 考虑杆中密度遵循线性分布, 获得了方程的解析解. 以三角形应力脉冲作用为例, 通过与细观有限元模拟结果比较, 发现解析解可以较好地预测梯度柱壳链中载荷的演化趋势. 正梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐增大, 负梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐减小. 正梯度链支撑端峰值载荷高于均匀链, 负梯度链支撑端峰值载荷低于均匀链, 这表明相较于均匀柱壳链, 密度梯度柱壳链可以在更大范围内对波形进行调控. 线性密度梯度参数对梯度柱壳链的波形调控能力影响较大, 梯度参数越小, 传递到支撑端的峰值载荷越小; 相反, 梯度参数越大, 支撑端的峰值载荷越大. 建立的理论模型及其解析解为研究梯度柱壳链中应力波传播规律及揭示载荷调控机理提供了理论基础.      

分数阶粘弹性地基上薄板波动和振动特性分析

本文研究了粘弹性地基上薄板的波动和振动问题．主要讨论了基于分数导数理论的粘弹性地基模型上 薄板弯曲波的传播特性以及固有频率对地基的依赖特性．推导了三种经典粘弹性地基模型的复模量．并利用分 数导数的性质得到分数阶粘弹性地基上 Kirchhoff板中弯曲波的传播速度、衰减系数以及自由振动的复固有频 率．数值算例表明粘弹性地基对弯曲波传播特性存在显著影响,不同粘弹性模型所对应的色散和衰减特性也存 在较大差别．分数阶导数可以实现相邻整数阶导数之间的光滑过渡．利用分数导数的本构关系可以更加真实地 描述粘弹性地基的历史依赖行为,更准确地表现出粘弹性地基板中弯曲波的色散和衰减特性．     

梯形应力脉冲在弹性杆中的传播过程和几何弥散

在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维 Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对 Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用 Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行 Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明 Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型 Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的 Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程.      

梯形应力脉冲在弹性杆中的传播过程和几何弥散

在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程.     

Solution for a Fractional Diffusion-Wave Equation Defined in a Bounded Domain

A general solution is given for a fractional diffusion-wave equation defined in a bounded space domain. The fractional time derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The finite sine transform technique is used to convert a fractional differential equation from a space domain to a wavenumber domain. Laplace transform is used to reduce the resulting equation to an ordinary algebraic equation. Inverse Laplace and inverse finite sine transforms are used to obtain the desired solutions. The response expressions are written in terms of the Mittag–Leffler functions. For the first and the second derivative terms, these expressions reduce to the ordinary diffusion and wave solutions. Two examples are presented to show the application of the present technique. Results show that for fractional time derivatives of order 1/2 and 3/2, the system exhibits, respectively, slow diffusion and mixed diffusion-wave behaviors.     

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THERMAL CONSOLIDATION OF SATURATED SOILS WITH TWO PARALLEL CYLINDRICAL HEAT SOURCES1）

基于应力平衡条件、渗流连续方程、能量守恒方程,考虑土颗粒和孔隙水热膨胀系数的不同,建立考虑热水力耦合的饱和土体三维热固结控制方程。利用傅里叶变换和拉普拉斯变换导出变换域上的控制方程,解得点热源在变换域和实数域上的解析解,再利用区域积分给出两平行圆柱形热源热固结土体温度、孔压、位移的解析解,并对其进行分析,发现径距比增大会导致两热源温度相互影响程度减弱,热固结系数减小会导致孔压和位移的峰值增大。     

Constructing transient response probability density of non-linear system through complex fractional moments

The probability density function for transient response of non-linear stochastic system is investigated through the stochastic averaging and Mellin transform. The stochastic averaging based on the generalized harmonic functions is adopted to reduce the system dimension and derive the one-dimensional Itô stochastic differential equation with respect to amplitude response. To solve the Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov equation governing the amplitude response probability density, the Mellin transform is first implemented to obtain the differential relation of complex fractional moments. Combining the expansion form of transient probability density with respect to complex fractional moments and the differential relations at different transform parameters yields a set of closed-form first-order ordinary differential equations. The complex fractional moments which are determined by the solution of the above equations can be used to directly construct the probability density function of system response. Numerical results for a van der Pol oscillator subject to stochastically external and parametric excitations are given to illustrate the application, the convergence and the precision of the proposed procedure.     

A modified fractional-order thermo-viscoelastic model and its application to a polymer micro-rod heated by a moving heat source

Classical thermo-viscoelastic models may be challenged to predict the precise thermo-mechanical behavior of viscoelastic materials without considering the memorydependent effect. Meanwhile, with the miniaturization of devices, the size-dependent effect on elastic deformation is becoming more and more important. To capture the memory-dependent effect and the size-dependent effect, the present study aims at developing a modified fractional-order thermo-viscoelastic coupling model at the microscale...     

Fractional-order generalized thermoelastic diffusion theory

The present work aims to establish a fractional-order generalized themoelastic diffusion theory for anisotropic and linearly thermoelastic diffusive media. To numerically handle the multi-physics problems expressed by a sequence of incomplete differential equations, particularly by a fractional equation, a generalized variational principle is obtained for the unified theory using a semi-inverse method. In numerical implementation, the dynamic response of a semi-infinite medium with one end subjected to a thermal shock and a chemical potential shock is investigated using the Laplace transform. Numerical results, i.e., non-dimensional temperature, chemical potential, and displacement, are presented graphically. The influence of the fractional order parameter on them is evaluated and discussed.     

结构粘弹性分析的线法

本文将以现代常微分方程求解器为支撑软件的线法推广应用于含时间变量的粘弹性力学问题。基基本思想是先用拦普拉斯积分变换把问题的控制偏微分方程组和定解条件进行交换,得到拉氏变换空间中的定常问题,然后用传统的线法借助于常微分方程求解器得到该变换空间中的数值解,再应用拉氏数值逆变换求得原时空域中的数值解。文中还给出方法的基本原理和实施过程。算例表明,采用拉普拉斯积分变换于线法分析结构粘弹性力学等含时间变量的     

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.     

Stochastic solution to a time-fractional attenuated wave equation

The power law wave equation uses two different fractional derivative terms to model wave propagation with power law attenuation. This equation averages complex nonlinear dynamics into a convenient, tractable form with an explicit analytical solution. This paper develops a random walk model to explain the appearance and meaning of the fractional derivative terms in that equation, and discusses an application to medical ultrasound. In the process, a new strictly causal solution to this fractional wave equation is developed.