土壤、沉积物系列标准物质中38种元素的ICP-MS定值

探讨了电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤元素的基体效应及元素间的基体干扰，采用模拟土壤元素天然组成比值的校正溶液，利用^115In-^103Rh双内标校正系统有效地抑制了分析信号的动态漂移，建立了测定土壤中元素的ICP－MS方法；对GBW07410－07416土壤、沉积物系列标准物质进行定值，测定结果与XRF分析结果比较，同时用于GBW07404、GBW07405、GBW07408、GBW07309管理样分析，结果令人满意。     

熔融制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中12种主次成分

采用熔融制样法对铁矿石进行熔融制样;以三氧化二钴(Co2O3)作为铁的内标,并对熔剂、氧化剂、脱模剂、熔融温度和熔融比例进行了讨论。采用理论α系数法、经验系数法校正基体效应和各元素的谱线重叠干扰。建立了波长色散X射线荧光光谱(WDXRF)测定铁矿石中12种组分的分析方法。本法测定铁矿标准物质(GBW07822-GBW07830)各组分的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.41%~4.2%之间,测定值与标准值相符,且与电感耦合等离子发射光谱的对比测定结果一致。利用本法对实际铁矿样品的全铁含量进行测定,结果与化学分析法的测定结果基本一致。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定直接还原铁中主次元素含量

应用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定了直接还原铁中主次元素的含量。样品置于铂金坩埚中,以四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂为熔剂于1 050℃熔融20min,将熔化的样品倒入铂金模具中,所制得的片样用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以铁矿石标准物质GBW 07221等25种标准物质制作校准曲线,以固定理论α影响系数法校正基体效应。方法用于实际样品的分析,所得结果与其他方法测定值相符。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.31%~16%之间。     

Analysis of 20 Elements in Serum from Blood Donors by ICP

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP－MS）测定献血员血清中20种元素,采用多元素内标法校正基体效应引起的系统误差,加入内标元素Sc、In和Tl分别校正质量数<100、100～180和>180的元素测定,用牛血清标样GBW09131为质控标准物质,检验方法的可靠性。测定了献血组和健康对照组血清中微量元素含量,进行数理统计,检验其差异性。     

ICP-MS法测定菊花茶中砷镉铜铅锌

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,对菊花茶中微量元素砷、铅、镉、铜、锌进行了分析。用HNO3-H2O2消解样品,通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和接口效应,通过修正方程校正质量数干扰。测定元素校正曲线的相关系数都在0.999 5以上,各元素的检出限在0.020~0.14μg.L-1,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~4.3%(n=10),加标回收率在93.9%~101.6%之间。用此方法测定茶叶标准物质GBW 07605,结果与标准值基本一致。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定稻谷中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量

通过对测定元素质量数和内标元素的选择,并对存在的干扰进行校正,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大米中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)在0.61%～2.2%,加标回收率在92.8%～108%。用来测定标准物质GBW 10011、GBW10022、GBW(E)100348、GBW(E)100361,各元素的测定值与标准值一致,能够满足大米中重金属元素的测定要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定稻谷中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量

通过对测定元素质量数和内标元素的选择,并对存在的干扰进行校正,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大米中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅的含量。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)在0.61%～2.2%,加标回收率在92.8%～108%。用来测定标准物质GBW 10011、GBW10022、GBW(E)100348、GBW(E)100361,各元素的测定值与标准值一致,能够满足大米中重金属元素的测定要求。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定锆矿石中锆硅铁钛铝钙

采用熔片法制样,建立了X-射线荧光测定锆矿石中锆、硅、铁、钛、铝、钙的分析方法。使用国家一级标准物质与二氧化锆混合配制的混合标准物质,解决了锆矿石标准物质不足的问题。试样:硼酸锂混合熔剂为1:20,在熔样机中熔成玻璃片,采用经验系数法和散射线内标法校正元素间的谱线重叠效应和基体效应,对标准物质和混配的标准样品进行了分析,标准物质测定结果与推荐值一致,相对标准偏差（RSD%）均小于3.6%。方法能满足高含量锆矿石中主、次量元素的测定。     

ICP-MS测定紫菜中的总砷

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,对紫菜中的微量元素砷进行了测定。用HNO3-H2O2混合体系分解样品,通过在线加入内标元素校正基体效应和接口效应,通过EPA 200.8干扰校正方程校正质量数干扰。校正曲线的相关系数大于0.999 9,As的检出限(3σ)为0.021μg.L-1,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差3.7%(n=6),加标平均回收率为96.0%。通过测定贻贝标准物质GBW 08571验证了该方法的准确性。     

等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的基体效应 …

采用模拟地质样品中稀土元素间天然组成比的基体匹配校正标准溶液进行外标校正,有效地抑制了地质样品分析中的基体效应,以＾１１５Ｉｎ－＾１０３Ｒｈ双内标元素校正,监控和校正分析信号的短期和长期漂移;通过单个稀土元素及钡的氧化物,氢氧化物的测定计算出等效的干扰浓度,进而校正了稀土元素分析中多原子离子干扰。建立了地质样吕吕痕量稀土元素测定中基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正方法。通过对５个标准参考物质的分析,定     

ETAAS method for the determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Se in blood fractions and whole blood

An electrothermal atomic absorption method (ETAAS) for the direct determination of trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Se) both in blood fractions (erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes) and whole blood was developed. Zeeman background correction and graphite tubes with L'vov platforms were used. Samples were diluted with HNO3/Triton X-100 and pipetted directly into the graphite tube. Ashing, pretreatment and atomization steps were optimized carefully for the different fractions and elements applying different matrix modifiers for each element. For the lymphocyte fraction a multi-fold injection technique was applied. Low detection limits of the ETAAS method (Cd 0.13 microgram/L, Cr 0.11 microgram/L, Cu 0.52 microgram/L, Mn 0.13 microgram/L, Se 0.7 microgram/L of whole blood) combined with small quantities of sample necessary for analysis allow determination of trace elements in this matrix. Verification of possible differences in the trace element status of humans was performed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, a contribution to the determination of normal values of essential elements was achieved. The method was applied for determination of trace elements in human blood and blood fractions of two groups (n = 50) different in health status.     

ETAAS method for the determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Se in blood fractions and whole blood

An electrothermal atomic absorption method (ETAAS) for the direct determination of trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Se) both in blood fractions (erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes) and whole blood was developed. Zeeman background correction and graphite tubes with L’vov platforms were used. Samples were ¶diluted with HNO₃/Triton X-100 and pipetted directly ¶into the graphite tube. Ashing, pretreatment and atomization steps were optimized carefully for the different fractions and elements applying different matrix modifiers ¶for each element. For the lymphocyte fraction a multi-fold injection technique was applied. Low detection limits ¶of the ETAAS method (Cd 0.13 μg/L, Cr 0.11 μg/L, ¶Cu 0.52 μg/L, Mn 0.13 μg/L, Se 0.7 μg/L of whole blood) combined with small quantities of sample necessary for analysis allow determination of trace elements in this matrix. Verification of possible differences in the trace element status of humans was performed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, a contribution to the determination of normal values of essential elements was achieved. The method was applied for determination of trace elements in human blood and blood fractions of two groups (n = 50) different in health status.     

XRF and TXRF techniques for multi-element determination of trace elements in whole blood and human hair samples

XRF and TXRF were established as useful techniques for multi-element analysis of whole blood and human head hair samples. Direct-XRF with different collimation units and different X-ray excitation modes was successfully used for the determination of S, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Br elements in blood samples and K, Ca, Mn, Fe elements in human hair samples. Direct analysis by TXRF was used for the determination of Rb and Sr in digested blood and human hair samples, respectively, while, the co-precipitation method using APDC for TXRF analysis was used for the determination of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb elements in both matrices. As a result, the improved XRF and TXRF methods were applied for multi-element determination of elements in whole blood and human hair samples in non-occupational exposed population living in Damascus city. The mean concentrations of analyzed elements in both matrices were on the reported range values for non-occupational population in other countries.     

ED XRF analysis of precious metallic alloys with the use of combined FP method

The “combined” FP method, which combines standardless FP method with empirical calibration, was applied to the analysis of Ir-Pt, Rh-Pt, Rh-Pd-Pt and Rh-Ir-Pt disk samples and Pt-Rh thermocouple wire. Four reference materials of binary Pt-Ir system, eight Pt-Rh systems, eight reference materials of ternary Pt-Ir-Rh system and 10 Pt-Rh-Pd systems were used for calibration of “combined” FP XRF method. Results of mentioned method agreed well with certified values, or ICP OES results respectively. For determination of elements, which were not present or certified in calibration standards (Ru in Rh-Pt-Pd disc and Fe in Pt-Rh thermocouple wire) the standardless FP method was used. This approach provides good results as well.     

Application of ICP-MS,INAA and RNAA to the determination of some “difficult” elements in infant formulas

In this work a determination of selected elements in the infant formulas commercially available on the Polish market was done. 14 different materials (milk-based formulas and grain porridges) were analyzed. Both, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were applied for the determination of As, Cr, Fe and Se, which are recognized as the problematic elements for ICP-MS. For As and Se, the radiochemical NAA was also used. The daily intake of Se and Fe in the age 0–6 months for non-breast fed infants was estimated and compared with present safety limits.

     

Trace analysis of lead by anodic stripping voltammetry with collection at interdigitated microelectrodes in small-volume samples

A simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for microvolume trace elements determination. Commercially available interdigitated microelectrodes (IDA) from ALS Japan Inc. based on a thin carbon film technology were used. Anodic stripping voltammetry with collection at IDA was applied. Carbon IDA microbands were coated with a pre-deposited mercury film for better performance. The method with this sensor enables analysis of some heavy metals in total sample volumes as small as 0.05 cm³. The method was applied to Pb in blood samples determination by a standard addition method.     

Determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in blood fractions by SEC-HPLC-ICP-AES coupling

The binding of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn to proteins in blood and in blood fractions was investigated, since their interactions in free radical metabolism in humans is of great interest. An HPLC-ICP-AES technique was developed allowing adequate separation of metalloproteins and of inorganic and organic metal species. For the separation of metalloproteins in erythrocytes and blood plasma a Merck Superformance Fractogel EMD BioSEC 650 (S) column was used. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC was hyphenated to ICP-AES both on-line and off-line for the detection of trace elements in the fractions resulting from HPLC separations. HPLC parameters, pH, temperature, flow rate and salt concentration were optimized for the protein separation and the optimal conditions were applied for the hyphenation to the ICP-AES detector. The separation column was calibrated with five standard proteins. For the element determination by ICP-AES a line selection with respect to the sensitivity was performed. Three different methods were used for the determination of trace elements in blood: direct determinations, on-line and off-line SEC-HPLC-ICP-AES measurements. For the optimizing experiments blood samples of one female subject were used. The direct determination by ICP-AES of the elements was performed in blood and blood fractions of ten different subjects to obtain the average concentration ranges. From the results the identification of the protein Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes was possible. The LOD were 0.03 microgram mL-1 for Cu, 0.026 microgram mL-1 for Fe, 0.8 ng mL-1 for Mn, and 0.09 microgram mL-1 for Zn in a synthetic blood matrix.     

Multielement neutron activation analysis of biological materials using chemical group separation and Ge(Li) gamma spectrometry

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) for the determination of some trace elements in biological materials is described. The method presented permits the simple and rapid determination of Se, Ag, Au, Sb, Pt (via¹⁹⁹Au), Hg, Co, Ni (via⁵⁸Co), Fe, Zn, Mo, Sn, Cr, Cd, Cu and As after radiochemical separation from Na, K, Cs, Rb and partially Br. For this purpose, postirradiation separation by extraction with mercury or zinc amalgam was used. Separation of gold by extraction with ethyl acetate or by precipitation with dimethylglyoxime was applied for the determination of gold and platinum in biological materials.