柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析当归多糖的单糖组成

采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,建立了9种常见单糖的分离模式,并成功地用于当归多糖的单糖组成分析,具有良好的重复性。结果表明,当归多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖及阿拉伯糖7种单糖组成,其摩尔比为0．57：1．00：0．13：3．06：8．16：7．17：12．69。该HPLC方法是简单、快速、灵敏、方便的分析技术,可用于当归多糖的质量控制。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析新疆桃胶的多糖组成

采用超声波辅助提取,乙醇沉淀,三氯乙酸去蛋白的方法提取新疆8种桃胶中的多糖,将所得多糖用三氯乙酸进行水解并用1-苯基-3-甲基-5吡咯啉酮进行衍生化处理,采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法研究桃胶多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,8种桃胶多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,还含有少量的葡萄糖醛酸、鼠李糖及甘露糖,不同品种的桃胶其多糖的单糖组成及含量存在一定差异。该方法简便,重现性良好,适合进行桃胶多糖的成分分析研究。     

柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法分析缅甸刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成

利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法,优化10种常见单糖的色谱分离条件,并用于不同等级的自制刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成分析.对自制刺梧桐胶多糖的单糖组成分析结果表明,自制刺梧桐胶多糖由葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、鼠李糖(Rha)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、半乳糖(Gal)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和岩藻糖...     

桑叶多糖SJB的结构分析和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶PTP1B抑制活性

通过DEAE-纤维素和凝胶过滤柱色谱对桑叶碱提粗多糖进行分级分离, 获得均一多糖SJB, 进行结构鉴定. 采用蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶PTP1B体外模型对SJB进行降血糖活性测定. 结果表明: SJB的相对分子质量为5.4×104, 由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸组成的酸性杂多糖; 主链由1,2-、1,2,4-连接的鼠李糖和1,4-、1,3,4-连接的半乳糖醛酸组成; 侧链包括末端、1,5-、1,3,5-连接的阿拉伯糖; 末端、1,4-连接的葡萄糖以及末端、1,3-、1,4-、1,6-连接的半乳糖, 主要通过鼠李糖的O4位和半乳糖醛酸的O3位与主链相连. 该多糖为首次从桑叶中获得的酸性杂多糖. 20 μg/mL SJB对PTP1B的抑制率为31.7%.     

具有免疫促进作用的螺旋藻多糖SP-4的研究

从螺旋藻NaHCO3热水提取液中．得到四种多糖SP－1、SP－2、SP－3和SP－4，糖含量比为30：12：16：100．体外活性试验表明SP－4能促进T淋巴细胞的增殖．纸层析和高压液相色谱分析结果表明SP－4由L-鼠李糖、L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖胺和D-半乳糖醛酸组成，其摩尔比为4．94：2．99：2．96：1．00：1．26：2．33。IR光谱示848cm-1有明显的吸收峰，1HNMR分析在δ5．26附近有多个峰，过碘酸盐氧化和Smith降解表明SP－4分子中含有α（1→3）和α（1→4）糖苷键．     

山茱萸酸性多糖FCP5-A的分离纯化与结构表征

从山茱萸中提取出水溶性粗多糖, 经柱色谱分离纯化得到一种酸性多糖组分FCP5-A. 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定其为均一性多糖, 平均分子量为8.7×104. 经IR、GC、部分酸水解、13C NMR及甲基化分析等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 该多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸组成, 其摩尔比为1∶5.7∶0.6∶1.2. FCP5-A为多分支结构, 由-2)Rha(1-及-4)GalA(1-构成主链, 在鼠李糖的4位存在分支; 支链主要由高度分支的阿拉伯糖构成, 此外还存在-3)Gal(1-; 末端残基为Ara(1-及Gal(1-. 结果提示, FCP5-A为一种新的山茱萸酸性分支多糖.     

柑橘果肉果胶的流变和结构特性

以柑橘果肉为原料,采用稀酸提醇沉法提取果胶粗品,研究了果胶溶液的浓度及热处理温度对果胶溶液流变学性质的影响.采用DEAE Cellulose-52柱对柑橘果肉粗品进行洗脱得到3个多糖组分(P-0,P-1和P-2),对其分子量、半乳糖醛酸、单糖组成及酯化度等进行分析,并利用红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱等对各组分进行结构特性分析.结果表明,柑橘果肉果胶为典型的剪切稀化型非牛顿流体;P-0,P-1和P-2组分分子量存在显著差异;柑橘果肉果胶为富含糖醛酸的酸性多糖,且是发生部分乙酰化的低酯果胶,其单糖组成以半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖和岩藻糖居多,且均以Ⅰ型聚鼠李半乳糖醛酸(RG-Ⅰ型)结构为主;3种组分糖环类型均是吡喃糖,糖苷键既有α型,又有β型.     

白术多糖指纹图谱和抗氧化活性的谱效关系分析北大核心CSCD

将高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱、抗氧化活性研究与多元统计分析相结合,对不同产地的38批白术多糖进行质量评价.以三氟乙酸水解白术多糖,用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮进行衍生化,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中单糖的衍生物,得到指纹图谱.以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和Fe^(3+)总还原能力为指标测定抗氧化活性,并对结果进行相似度分析、层次聚类分析和偏最小二乘法-判别分析等多元统计分析.结果表明,白术多糖指纹图谱鉴别了5个共有峰,分别为鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖.基于多元统计分析,浙江、安徽、河北和四川的白术样品分离显著.此外,选择半乳糖醛酸和半乳糖作为潜在的化学标记物,DPPH自由基清除能力对应的抗氧化活性可作为辅助鉴别的候选检测指标.     

枸杞功能性成分的提取及其组成的液相色谱分析

对枸杞子中的水溶性多糖成分进行了分离提取及组成分析。采用水提、醇沉等方法提取枸杞子中的多糖成分,用Sevage法除去蛋白质后,用凝胶色谱法进行多糖的纯化,制备3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生物进行液相色谱分析。结果表明,枸杞多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖5种单糖组成,其含量分别为5．28％,17．87％,38．29％,17．82％,20．74％。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析研究野生菱角壳中多糖化合物的单糖组成

采用乙醇分级沉淀法，首次从野生菱角壳中提取出4种多糖化合物，利用气相色谱-质谱法，确定了菱角多糖分别由阿拉伯糖，鼠李糖，木糖，甘露糖，半乳糖，葡萄糖，乳糖和蜜二糖组成，其中以葡萄糖，半乳糖，甘露糖和木糖为主。     

An Acidic Polysaccharide from Tribulus terrestris

An aqueous acidic polysaccharide, named rhamnogalacturonan (designated as TIP-D2) was isolated from Tribulus terrestris L by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of TTP-D2 was estimated to be 26 KDa by gel filtration.TTP-D2 is composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose,fucose,mannose,xylose and glucose in a ratio of 71.4:13.5:5.6:4.9:3.1:1.9:1.9:1.0. The main chain structure of TTP-D2 was elucidated as an acidic hetero-polysaccaride with the connection of α-(1-4) galacturonic acid with α-（1-3) rhamnose by GC analysis of partially hydrolyzed products and determination of ^1H,^13C-NMR spectra.     

Simultaneous Determination of Aldoses and Uronic Acids of Citrus Pectin by LC with Precolumn Derivatization and UV Detection

The simultaneous determination of aldoses and uronic acids is now available by liquid chromatography. The procedure involves acid hydrolysis followed by derivatization with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, which was first employed for aldoses and uronic acids derivatization. The usefulness of this method is seen in the ability to analyze commercially available citrus pectin. The results show that citrus pectin consists of xylose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in molar ratios of 0.3:1.0:1.8:2.8:7.4:50.9, which was consistent with the result obtained by GC. The described method is suitable for routine analysis of pectin or other polysaccharides containing uronic acids.     

Comparative Analysis of Polysaccharides from Two Ecological Types of Leymus chinensis

Leymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel., widely distributed at eastern Eurasian steppe and divided into gray-green type and yellow-green type, has different stress resistance to environment. In the present study, the water-soluble polysaccharides from two ecotypes of L. chinensis were analyzed in detail, and the differences between polysaccharides from the two ecotypes of L. chinensis in the yield, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and structure were clarified. The polysaccharides of L. chinensis were composed of both neutral and acidic polysaccharides. The neutral polysaccharides contained mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, and mainly consisted of β-1,4-Glcp, α-1,3-Galp and α-1,2-Xylp residues. The acidic polysaccharides contained mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. However, the yields, monosaccharides contents and the molecular weights of the polysaccharides from the two ecotypes of L. chinensis were different. Moreover, the resistance type(gray-green type) of L. chinensis contained a number of α-1,3-Manp and reducing end of β-Glcp residues, and much more O-methyl groups than normal type(yellow-green type) of L. chinensis. The differences of the polysaccharides of the two ecotypes of L. chinensis might be due to the long-term environmental adaptability of plant, and the differences of the polysaccharides might influence the stress resistance of L. chinensis.     

The major pectic arabinogalactan having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata

The major acidic polysaccharide, named saposhnikovan A, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata. It showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. It is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 6:15:10, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 54000. About 35% of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. Methylation analysis, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and controlled Smith degradation studies indicated that the polysaccharide has the alpha-1----4-linked D-galacturonan backbone bearing alpha-1----5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan side chains.     

Hepato-protective Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Inula Britannica Flower for Mice

The polysaccharides extracted from Inula britannica flower(IBP) exhibited a significant anti-liver injury activity. The properties and chemical compositions of IBP were analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and infrared spectroscopy(IR) methods. The results show that the molecular weight distribution of IBP is from 600 to 3500. The weight-average molecular weight is 1099. IBP consists of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.1:1:1.4:2.7:14.6:6.3:7.9. The IR spectrum of IBP reveals the typical characteristics of polysaccharides and proteins. After administration of IBP with 100, 50 and 25 mg/kg body mass to liver injury mice induced by CCl₄ or bacillus calmette guerin-lipopolysaccharide (BCG-LPS), not only the blood alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels decreased significantly(P<0.05), but aslo the liver tissue malondialdehyde(MDA) level decreased significantly(P<0.01). The superoxide dismutase(SOD) level increased significantly(P<0.01). IBP shows significant anti-liver injury and anti- oxidation activity.     

An acidic polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata

An acidic polysaccharide, named saposhnikovan C, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk. It was homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. It is composed of D-galacturonic acid:L-rhamnose:L-arabinose:D-galactose in a molar ratio of 27:7:8:8, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 132000. About 30% of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. O-Acetyl groups were identified, and the content amounted to 3.3%. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and controlled Smith degradation studies indicated the structural features. It has a pectin-like rhamnogalacturonan backbone with branched arabinan and galactan side chains.     

Separation of trimethylsilylated oximes of monosaccharides by capillary gas-liquid chromatography

Summary Trimethylsilylated oximes (TMS-oximes) of arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid were prepared using a two-step derivatization procedure. The TMS-oximes were separated and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography using a 25-m fused-silica capillary column coated with crosslinked methylsilicone stationary phase. Starting with dried sugar extract, the entire procedure can be accomplished within 2 hours.     

Characterization of polysaccharides purified from Lacquer tree seed cakes and its antioxidant activity

Three polysaccharides, LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were isolated and purified from the seed cakes of lacquer tree using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The total sugar contents of LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were 931.8, 958.2 and 895.1 g kg^?1, respectively. LTPS-1 (3.48 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 35.36:5.06:1:2. LTPS-21 (11.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and galactose in a ratio of 41.93:21.8:1.01:9.24. LTPS-31 (19.49 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose and mannose in a ratio of 38.31:16.44:1.1. IR analysis suggested they contained lower sulphuric acids, the LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 belonged to β-type polysaccharide. Among the three polysaccharides, LTPS-21 exhibited the strongest reducing power, scavenging activity on ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. These findings suggested that polysaccharides from the seed cakes could be potentially developed as natural functional ingredients in the food and cosmetic industry.