热释电IRFPA非均匀性校正实验系统研究

采用虚拟仪器技术,设计了基于LabVIEW软件平台的热释电IRFPA(红外焦平面阵列)非均匀性校正系统。该系统可通过控制面板选择校正算法,选取3种不同的标准像元的标准校正曲线。可以对IRFPA待校正的像元输出进行采集,对非均匀性参数进行测试,还可以进行非均匀性校正。系统通过三维波形以及图像的显示来观察校正前后对比,并能计算出校正前后的NU(非均匀性)值大小。对像元数为120×160的热释电IRFPA输出的视频信号进行了非均匀性校正实验,对非均匀性校正算法进行了统计对比,对仿真结果及数据进行了分析总结。经过校正实验验证了系统的可行性,结果证明基于平均值法的两点定标算法对热释电IRFPA非均匀性校正后的NU值是最小的。通过统计数据得出校正后的NU可平均下降30%。     

一种基于S曲线模型的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性自适应校正算法

针对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)中探测元的非线性响应以及响应特性的漂移引起的校正误差,提出了一种基于S曲线模型的场景自适应校正算法.该算法利用对数运算将IRFPA的输出信号线性化.并运用自适应滤波技术对线性信号实施非均匀性校正,并采用指数变换还原出实际的校正输出信号.基于人造黑体图像和实景红外视频的仿真实验结果表明.该算法在校正精度和大动态范围信号响应特性方面均优于传统的场景自适应校正算法.     

基于焦平面归一化响应特性的红外非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪音是制约红外成像质量的主要因素,非均匀性校正是红外焦平面器件应用的一个关键技术.本文提出了一种基于焦平面归一化响应特性且易于实现的非均匀性校正算法,并基于像元分布的卡方直方图提出一种新的图像非均匀性评估方法,即校正比例.该方法的校正输出考虑了每个像元的观测值与焦平面的响应信号的平均值,校正参量通过将像元的输出与其理想校正结果之间的偏差用焦平面响应的平均值建立联系而计算得到.提出的校正比例兼顾考虑了焦平面响应的时间与空间特性,比现有的图像非均匀性评估方法更能合理衡量焦平面的非均匀性程度.多种非均匀性校正的评价数据以及实验结果表明,该算法的校正效果优于两点校正法与原值拟合二阶校正法,并对于响应异常的像元具有较强的校正能力.此外其校正准确度高,所需参量少,易于实时处理,具有较强的实用价值.     

HgCdTe短波红外焦平面探测器校正技术

在短波红外成像光谱技术的应用背景下,对HgCdTe短波红外焦平面探测器的校正技术进行研究,包括坏像元校正和非均匀性校正,并提出先进行坏像元校正后进行非均匀性校正的探测器校正原则;在标准辐射源下,对正常像元的输出值进行正态分布拟合,并通过3σ准则设定正常像元输出值阈值的方法,确定探测器中坏像元的数量与位置,然后根据短波红外成像光谱技术的应用要求,对坏像元进行光谱二邻域均值替换;坏像元校正完成后,再采用运算量小、实时性强的两点法对探测器进行非均匀性校正。综合校正结果表明:探测器坏像元得到有效剔除,坏像元输出值得到良好校正,且非均匀性校正效果明显,图像细节更加丰富。     

基于自适应滤波的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法

 红外探测器响应漂移特性会降低红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）非均匀性校正的精度。针对该问题提出了一种基于场景的IRFPA非均匀性校正算法。该算法利用所获得的序列成像场景信息,采用一种基于快速自适应滤波器的最优化递归估计方法来获得非均匀性校正参数,并利用当前的成像信息来更新校正参数,以此降低探测器响应漂移特性对非均匀性校正的影响。算法仿真实验显示,对非线性参数为26.12%的同一图像,使用该算法、两点校正算法和卡尔曼滤波校正算法校正1 h后,可分别将非线性参数降至1.856%,3.122%和1.893%,说明该算法可获得稳定而较好的非均匀性校正效果。     

基于焦平面归一化响应特性的红外非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪音是制约红外成像质量的主要因素,非均匀性校正是红外焦平面器件应用的一个关键技术.本文提出了一种基于焦平面归一化响应特性且易于实现的非均匀性校正算法,并基于像元分布的卡方直方图提出一种新的图像非均匀性评估方法,即校正比例.该方法的校正输出考虑了每个像元的观测值与焦平面的响应信号的平均值,校正参量...     

多通道热释电IRFPA图像拼接采集系统

为了实现分辨率高的大规模热释电IRFPA探测器,设计了多路通道并行输出的读出电路。针对多路输出的热释电IRFPA探测器,依据热释电探测的时序要求,设计了图像拼接采集系统。利用外部驱动信号控制采集卡的触发及采样时钟,由斩波器同步信号判断热释电探测器的亮场及暗场信号。构造PC-DAQ虚拟仪器系统对多通道输出的热释电型IRFPA进行多路并行图像采集,并对每路图像信号进行亮、暗场判断后进行差分处理,通过软件拼接处理成一副完整的图像,最终在软件平台上显示。对实验室研制的160列120行双通道读出及320列120行四通道读出的热释电读出电路进行了图像采集实验,对于同样阵列大小的单通道读出探测器,双通道结构读出速度提高了1倍,四通道结构读出速度提高了3倍。通过采集成像实验验证了系统的可行性。     

基于衬底温度和贝叶斯估计的红外非均匀性校正（英）

分析了红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)基于定标的非均匀性校正法(NUC)和基于场景的NUC算法各自的优势和问题,在此基础上提出了联合非均匀性校正方法。根据上电时刻焦平面衬底的温度值,从FLASH中提取事先存储的对应温度区间的增益和偏置校正参数,初步消除探测器的非均匀性。通过分析初步校正后图像残余非均匀性噪声的特性,提出了一种自适应非均匀性校正算法NSCT,对经过NSCT分解后的子带图像,利用贝叶斯阈值逐点进行信号方差和噪声方差估计,计算出残余非均匀性噪声后并加以去除。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高校正精度,并具有更强的环境适应性。     

基于衬底温度和贝叶斯估计的红外非均匀性校正（英文）

分析了红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)基于定标的非均匀性校正法(NUC)和基于场景的NUC算法各自的优势和问题,在此基础上提出了联合非均匀性校正方法。根据上电时刻焦平面衬底的温度值,从FLASH中提取事先存储的对应温度区间的增益和偏置校正参数,初步消除探测器的非均匀性。通过分析初步校正后图像残余非均匀性噪声的特性,提出了一种自适应非均匀性校正算法NSCT,对经过NSCT分解后的子带图像,利用贝叶斯阈值逐点进行信号方差和噪声方差估计,计算出残余非均匀性噪声后并加以去除。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高校正精度,并具有更强的环境适应性。     

一种基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法

针对IRFPA器件在工程使用中固定图案噪音会发生漂移及探测元响应呈现非线性的特征，提出了一种以二次方程表征的响应特性数学模型，并利用场景数据的卡尔曼滤波算法，对其实施双校正。本算法较基于线性模型的非均匀性校正算法具有更好的校正效果，仿真实验结果验明了算法的优越性.     

An enhanced non-uniformity correction algorithm for IRFPA based on neural network

Influenced by detector materials’ non-uniformity, growth and etching techniques, etc., every detector’s responsivity of infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) is different, which results in non-uniformity of IRFPA. And non-uniformity of IRFPA generates fixed pattern noises (FPN) that are superposed on infrared image. And it may degrade the infrared image quality, which greatly limits the application of IRFPA. Non-uniformity correction (NUC) is an important technique for IRFPA. The traditional non-uniformity correction algorithm based on neural network and its modified algorithms are analyzed in this paper. And a new improved non-uniformity correction algorithm based on neural network is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the desired image is estimated by using three successive images in an infrared sequence. And blurring effect caused by motion is avoided by applying implicit motion detection and edge detection. So the estimation image is closer to real image than the estimation image estimated by other algorithms, which results in fast convergence speed of correction parameters. A comparison is made to these algorithms in this paper. And experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can correct the non-uniformity of IRFPA effectively and it prevails over other algorithms based on neural network.     

一种具有自适应非均匀校正功能的非制冷焦平面探测器组件

基于场景的非均匀校正算法(scene based nonuniformity correction,SBNUC)是非均匀校正技术今后的重点发展方向,介绍了近年来基于恒定统计约束的SBNUC、神经网络的SBNUC和运动估计的SBNUC算法的研究进展。研究了SBNUC算法在实际焦平面探测器组件上的实现方法,该方法仅依赖拍摄序列的信息对焦平面探测器的增益和偏置参数进行组间更新或帧间更新,可有效补偿温漂。研制了一种具有自适应非均匀校正功能的非制冷焦平面探测器组件,红外视频经该组件处理后,图像质量有所提高。该组件可明显提高热成像系统的成像性能,并能动态地保证热成像系统随场景变化的稳定性。     

Guided filter and adaptive learning rate based non-uniformity correction algorithm for infrared focal plane array

Imaging non-uniformity of infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) behaves as fixed-pattern noise superimposed on the image, which affects the imaging quality of infrared system seriously. In scene-based non-uniformity correction methods, the drawbacks of ghosting artifacts and image blurring affect the sensitivity of the IRFPA imaging system seriously and decrease the image quality visibly. This paper proposes an improved neural network non-uniformity correction method with adaptive learning rate. On the one hand, using guided filter, the proposed algorithm decreases the effect of ghosting artifacts. On the other hand, due to the inappropriate learning rate is the main reason of image blurring, the proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive learning rate with a temporal domain factor to eliminate the effect of image blurring. In short, the proposed algorithm combines the merits of the guided filter and the adaptive learning rate. Several real and simulated infrared image sequences are utilized to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only reduce the non-uniformity with less ghosting artifacts but also overcome the problems of image blurring in static areas.     

基于特征分解的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法

针对目前红外焦平面自适应场景校正算法工程应用的局限,提出了一种基于红外焦平面非均匀性特征分解的场景校正算法。分析了红外焦平面非性匀性构成因素,把其中的高频部分分解成盲点、斑块、行列非均匀性等,把缓慢变化的低频部分分解成梯度渐变非均匀性;分别对各类非均匀性采用不同的校正算法;合并校正结果,得到校正后的图像。实验结果表明,该算法校正精度高、收敛速度快、抑止目标退化能力强,适合工程应用。     

Non-uniformity correction algorithm for IRFPA based on motion controllable micro-scanning and perimeter diaphragm strips

Non-uniformity correction is the key issue for the image quality improvement of infrared focal panel array (IRFPA) imaging. A non-uniformity correction (NUC) algorithm for IRFPA based on motion controllable micro-scanning platform and perimeter diaphragm strips is presented. We initially execute one-point calibration to the perimeter detectors, then based on controllable motion of adjacent frames, a special algebraic algorithm is proposed to transport the calibration of the perimeter detectors to those interior un-corrected ones. In this way, the bias parameter of the whole field of view (FOV) is calculated. The algorithm can be easily combined with sub-pixel imaging, thereby improving the quality of thermal imaging system (image spatial resolution and uniformity). All calculations are algebraic, with a low computation load. The algorithm can realize adaptive one point calibration without covering the central FOV rapidly. Experiments on simulated infrared data demonstrate that this algorithm requires only dozens of frames to obtain high quality corrections.     

基于干扰对消的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法

红外焦平面器件的非均匀性产生机理复杂,难以准确拟合探测元响应曲线。提出了一种基于相关干扰抵消的非均匀性校正算法,以预先采集到的一帧黑体面源图像做为自适应干扰对消器的参考输入图像,自适应滤波器由参考输入图像迭代计算出待校正红外图像的空间噪声的最佳估计,实现从空间噪声中提取真实图像信号。自适应滤波算法采用变步长最小均方误差算法,减少了算法的运算量,提高了算法的收敛速度。理论分析以及针对实际红外图像的仿真结果表明,提出的算法校正效果好,收敛速度快,更易于工程实现。     

基于BP神经网络的红外焦平面非均匀性校正技术

在传统BP神经网络非均匀性校正理论的基础上,结合红外焦平面阵列读出通道的时变特性,提出一种新的输出期望估计方法.该方法利用当前像素邻域和读出通道估计输出期望值.实验表明,算法能有效抑制焦平面固定图案噪音,提高场景目标的分辨能力,达到较好的视觉效果.     

A New Piecewise Approach for Nonuniformity Correction in IRFPA

Considering different detector in IRFPA has different nonlinear response characteristic, a novel piecewise linear connection scheme for nonuniformity correction in IRFPA is proposed in this paper. Comparing to the widely used piecewise linear correction, the proposed scheme tries to find the n-segment piecewise straight-line which strives for going near (not always through) all available calibration points, rather than just passes through some n + 1 calibration points. Since each detector's output is corrected to the expected correction value as near as possible, the new scheme can achieve better NUC performance within the whole calibration range than that of the old one. The comparison experiment with simulated data and real IRFPA infrared data shows that the performance of this approach is more perfect than that of the old piecewise linear algorithm.     

双近贴式X射线像增强器成像不均匀性的分析与校正

分析了双近贴式X射线像增强器响应不一致性的产生机理,对每个像元建立了光电响应的数学模型.基于该模型,提出了一种改进的多点校正算法.该算法将对数曲线模型转化为线性响应模型,通过基于最小二乘法的两点拟合算法对图像数据进行校正.对比分析了校正前后图像的背景标准差及灰度分布曲线,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.