Ce0．6Zr0．35Y0．0502和Pr0．6Zr0．35Y0．05O2催化剂表面上CO氧化和^18O-^16O交换反应的研究

测定了在Ce0．6Zr0.4O2,Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2,Pr0.6Zr0.4O2和Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2(分别表示为CZ，CYZ，PZ和PYZ)样品表面上的CO氧化反应和^18O-^16O同位素交换反应。结果表明：在CZ和PZ系列固熔中掺杂Y^3 离子可以改善晶格氧的迁移速度；PZ和PZY的晶格氧比CZ和CZY的晶格氧具有更高的氧化反应活性。其原因是将Y^3 掺杂到Ce0.6Zr0.4O2或Pr0.6Zr0.4O2晶格中，增加了样品的氧空位浓度，从而提高了晶格氧的迁移性质，而PrOx比CeO2具有更低温度的氧化还原性质，因此PZ和PZY的晶格氧比CZ和CZY的晶格氧具有更高的氧化反应活性。     

Ce0.6Zr0.035Y0.05O2 和Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2 固熔体的氧储存能力及氧化-还原性能的研究

测定了Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2 和Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2两种固熔体的晶体结构,氧的储存以及氧化-还原性能. XRD结果表明 Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2主要以立方的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2结构形式存在,此外还有少量的ZrO1.87. 而Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2则主要以立方的Pr0.60Zr0.40O2结构形式存在.这两种固熔体粒子都为纳米级,具有多孔和较大表面积的特征.将Y3+掺杂到Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 或Pr0.6Zr0.4O2晶格中,可以提高氧空位, Ce4+或Pr4+浓度. H2(和CO)-O2滴定和TPR-再氧化试验表明在这两种固熔体中分别存在着可逆的Ce4+/Ce3+或Pr4+/Pr3+氧化还原能力.基于试验结果,我们得出以下结论,将Y3+掺杂到Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 或Pr0.6Zr0.4O2晶格中可以(1)提高晶格氧的活动能力,(2)提高Ce4+或Pr4+浓度,(3)提高氧的储存能力和(4)Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2在Redox性能, 晶格氧的活动能力和氧的储存能力等方面优于Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2.     

PdO/纳米Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2上甲烷催化氧化性能研究

采用以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂的改进共沉淀法合成了高比表面积(129 m2·g-1)立方相Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2(CZY(CTAB)固溶体"菜花"状纳米粒子,并以此为载体利用浸渍法制备了PdO含量为4%～10%的催化剂,考察了其对甲烷氧化反应的催化活性.结果表明,4%～10%PdO/CZY(CTAB表现出很好的催化活性在CH4/O2摩尔比1/4,空速50000 h-1和温度360 ℃的反应条件下,甲烷完全氧化成二氧化碳和水.以CZY-CTAB固溶体纳米粒子作载体担载PdO,可大大地减小甲烷转化率随温度变化的"滞后回线"现象.根据表征结果,认为这一优良催化性能与铈锆钇固溶体对活性相PdO的稳定作用及其较大的比表面积有关.     

三维虫孔状介孔纳米粒子Ag2O/Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2的制备、表征及其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂, 采用改进的共沉淀法合成了高比表面积的虫孔状介孔Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2(CZY)立方晶相结构的纳米粒子, 用浸渍法制备了Ag2O质量分数为0.2%—4.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂, 以XRD, HRSEM, HRTEM/SAED, H2-TPR和XPS等表征手段测定了CZY 和Ag2O/CZY催化剂的物化性质, 考察了其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, 质量分数为2.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂在空速为50000 h-1、甲烷/氧气摩尔比为1:4和反应温度为600 ℃的条件下, 可使甲烷完全氧化成CO2和H2O, 且基本上消除了在升温、降温过程中甲烷转化率随温度变化的“滞后回线”现象. 可见, Ag2O/CZY的优良催化性能与CZY具有发达的三维虫孔状介孔结构、较大的比表面积、较强的储释氧能力及其稳定活性相Ag2O等因素有关.     

Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂在水煤气变换反应中的电导研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同载体(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2,CeO2和ZrO2)负载的Pt基水煤气变换反应(WGSR)催化剂, 并对其进行了活性评价. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 程序升温还原(TPR)和原位电导等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce0.6Zr0.4O2固溶体具有比CeO2更高的氧转移能力, 因此促进了Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂的WGSR活性.     

从钯纳米溶胶出发制备Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4-xYxO2纳米三效催化剂

从Pd纳米粒子溶胶出发,采用一步沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了0.5%(质量分数)Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4-x Y x O2(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.1)负载型三效催化剂,考察了贵金属纳米粒子的负载方法以及Y的掺杂量对三效催化活性和水热稳定性的影响。结果表明,和浸渍法制备的催化剂相比,采用一步沉淀法制备的催化剂具有更高的三效催化活性。对于一步沉淀法制备的催化剂,Y的掺杂量对新鲜样品的三效催化活性影响不大,然而,900℃水热老化后,Y的掺杂量为0.05的Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,且其三效窗口也最为稳定。以上研究结果表明,一步沉淀法是一种从贵金属纳米溶胶出发制备纳米三效催化剂的有效方法,且在铈锆储氧材料中掺杂适量的Y元素可以进一步提高催化剂的三效催化活性和水热稳定性。     

Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95对低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀技术制备了Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95固溶体, 其织构和结构性能以及氧化还原性能分别采用BET、XRD和程序升温(TP)技术进行了表征. 制备了低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂, 考察了Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95对催化剂性能的影响. XRD和BET的结果表明, 经600 ℃焙烧5 h后, Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95具有与Ce0.50Zr0.50O2相似的立方结构和高的比表面积；经1000 ℃焙烧5 h后, 仍能保持稳定的立方结构和47.25 m2•g−1的比表面积, 表现出优越的织构性能和高的热稳定性. H2-TPR和O2-TPO的结果表明, Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95具有比Ce0.50Zr0.50O2更好的氧化还原性能. 和含Ce0.50Zr0.50O2的催化剂相比, 含Ce0.35Zr0.55La0.10O1.95的催化剂具有较宽的工作窗口, 优越的低温起燃性能, 较强的水气变换能力；催化剂经1000 ℃高温水热老化5 h后, 仍具有良好的催化活性, 表现出了优异的抗老化性能.     

三氧化二铝含量对Ni／Zr0.4Ce0.6O2—Al2O3催化剂的CH4—CO2重整反应性能影响

采用水热合成法,制备了不同Al2O3含量的Ni/Zr0.4Ce0.6O2-Al2O3催化剂,采用X－射线衍射（XRD）和扩展X光吸收精细结构（EXAFS）,对催化剂样品进行结构表征;考察了Al2O3的加入对催化剂结构和CH4－CO2重整反应活性的影响。结构表征和活性测试表明,催化剂中存在的主要晶相是Zr0.4Ce0.6O2.Al2O3的加入,使催化剂颗粒度变小,镍的分散度提高,并使反应活性有明显改进;而过量Al2O3的加入,却容易导致积炭。     

Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能的研究

采用一次浸渍法分别制备了 Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ及Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2整体式蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,考察了不同温度焙烧的两类整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积、拉曼光谱(Raman)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、PdO分散度等表征结果与催化活性进行关联.结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂比表面积下降,Raman图谱CeO2及PdO峰强度增加,H2-TPR中Ce4+还原峰向高温方向移动,同时PdO分散度下降,相应甲苯催化氧化活性下降.与CeO0.8Zr0.2O2涂层催化剂相比,La3+掺杂催化剂在高温焙烧时,其比表面积下降较小,Raman光谱表明其氧缺位比铈锆涂层催化剂多,H2TPR谱图中Ce4+还原峰低约60～80℃,PdO分散度亦比末掺杂催化剂高.1000℃焙烧下的甲苯氧化反应活性远高于未掺杂催化剂,说明镧的掺杂提高了铈锆涂层催化剂的高温反应活性及热稳定性.     

制备方法对Ce0.6Zr0.3Pr0.1O2纳米复合氧化物性能的影响

采用室温共沉淀、分步沉淀和共沉淀、分步沉淀水热法制备了Ce0.6Zr0.3Pr0.1O2纳米复合氧化物。X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、透射电镜(TEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和热重分析技术(TG)表征结果表明:分步沉淀水热法有利于锆离子和镨离子进入CeO2晶格和提高Ce0.6Zr0.3Pr0.1O2纳米复合氧化物的热稳定性、氧化还原性能和储释氧性能。制备过程中未加入任何表面活性剂,1000℃焙烧4 h后,其晶粒尺寸可控制在8~15 nm,比表面积仍能保持在66 m2·g-1,释氧量维持在1713μmol[O]·g-1CeO2。     

Surface stabilized nanosized Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) solid solutions over SiO(2): characterization by XRD, Raman, and HREM techniques

Ce(x)Zr(1)(-)(x)O(2) solid solutions deposited over silica surface were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) techniques in order to understand the role of silica support and the temperature stability of these composite oxides. For the purpose of comparison, an unsupported Ce(x)Zr(1)(-)(x)O(2) was also synthesized and subjected to characterization by various techniques. The Ce(x)Zr(1)(-)(x)O(2)/SiO(2) (CZ/S) (1:1:2 mole ratio based on oxides) was synthesized by depositing Ce(x)Zr(1)(-)(x)O(2) solid solution over a colloidal SiO(2) support by a deposition precipitation method and unsupported Ce(x)Zr(1)(-)(x)O(2) (CZ) (1:1 mole ratio based on oxides) was prepared by a coprecipitation procedure, and the obtained catalysts were subjected to thermal treatments from 773 to 1073 K. The XRD measurements disclose the presence of cubic phases with the composition Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2) and Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) in CZ samples, while CZ/S samples possess Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2), Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2), and Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O(2) in different proportions. The crystallinity of these phases increased with increasing calcination temperature. The cell a parameter estimations indicate contraction of ceria lattice due to the incorporation of zirconium cations into the CeO(2) unit cell. Raman measurements indicate the presence of oxygen vacancies, lattice defects, and displacement of oxygen ions from their normal lattice positions in both the series of samples. The HREM results reveal, in the case of CZ/S samples, a well-dispersed nanosized Ce-Zr-oxides over the surface of amorphous SiO(2). The structural features of these crystals as determined by digital diffraction analysis of experimental images reveal that the Ce-Zr-oxides are mainly in the cubic geometry and exhibit high thermal stability. Oxygen storage capacity measurements by a thermogravimetric method reveal a substantial enhancement in the oxygen vacancy concentration of CZ/S sample over the unsupported CZ sample.     

Doping of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solution with Rare-earth Elements

The increasingly restrictive regulations on car exhaust emissions will necessitate the development of a new generation of three way catalysts (TWC) with better performance1. Ceria (CeO2) is the main component of the current TWC: its key role is to compensate the fluctuations in the exhaust stream composition, therefore, allowing to expand the air/fuel(A/F) operating window of catalytic converters2. This property is related to its oxygen storage capacity (OSC), associated to the redox couple Ce4+/Ce3+. However, CeO2 alone is easy to sinter to lost OSC at high temperature3.Ceria-zirconia (CexZr1-xO2) solid solutions by incorporation of Zr4+ in the CeO2 lattice have enhanced OSC and greater thermal stability, which are becoming the key materials for the new generation of TWC4. OSC of ceria-zirconia solid solutions can be further improved by the addition of M3+ dopants5. Besides Ce, other rare-earth elements such as Pr and Tb can vary their oxidation state. Pr and Tb are particularly suitable for making solid solutions with cerium because the known structure of PrO2 and TbO2 is of the cubic fluorite type, and the ionic radii of Pr4+ and Tb4+ are close to that of Ce4+6.In this paper, Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb) were prepared by co-precipitation technique and characterized by a series of methods. Meanwhile, palladium-only TWCs were prepared by slurry coating and their catalytic activity was evaluated under the condition of simulated exhaust in the lab.XRD and FT-Raman spectra results show Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 have cubic fluorite structure which keep unchanging at high temperature. The different dopant ion radii brought different effect on the cell parameter of Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the binding energy of Ce3d, Zr3d and O1s for Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 rose compared with that for Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, indicating dopant elements changed chemistry environment of solid solutions which was available to improve redox performance From TPR results, doping La can not change redox performance of solid solution, but doping Y decreased reduction temperature. Doping Pr and Tb notably improved redox performance of solid solutions due to appearance of low-temperature reduction peak in TPR profile which come from mobility of bulk oxygen.Compared with Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, doping Y and La unchanged A/F characteristic of TWCs, but doping Pr and Tb widen A/ F operating window and make HC, CO and NO have higher conversion.The light-off temperature of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3La0.1O2 was corresponded to that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2.However, the light-off temperatures of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, Pr, Tb) were lower than that of Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, which kept much lower after high temperature treatments. Among Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3M0.1O2 (M=Y, La, Pr, Tb), Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2 showed wider A/F operating window,higher conversion, lower light-off temperature and better high-temperature resistance     

不同碱土金属掺杂对 Rh/Ce0.35Zr0.55M0.10O1.90+Pt/La-Al2O3 三效催化剂性能的影响

 采用共沉淀法制备了不同碱土金属掺杂的 Ce0.35Zr0.55M0.10O1.90 (CZM; M = Mg, Ca, Sr 或 Ba) 固溶体, 并采用 N2 吸附-脱附、储氧量测定、程序升温还原和 X 射线衍射对其进行了表征. 以 CZM 和 La-Al2O3 为载体, 制备了负载型低贵金属 Pt-Rh 三效催化剂, 并考察了其催化活性. 结果表明, 经 600 oC 焙烧 5 h 后, CZCa 样品的比表面积为 109 m2/g, 经 1 000 oC 老化 5 h 后仍有 47 m2/g. 所有新鲜样品均具有较低的还原温度和良好的还原性能. 老化后的 CZCa 仍具有较好的还原性能和较高的储氧量. 在 600 oC 下焙烧的样品均为立方晶相; 经 1 000 oC 老化 5 h 后, 只有 CZMg 发生相分离, 其余样品仍为稳定的立方晶相. 活性测试结果表明, 所有新鲜催化剂均具有良好的低温起燃性能; 经 1 000 oC 水热老化 5 h 后, 含有 CZCa 的催化剂仍具有较低的起燃温度, 表现出优异的抗老化性能.     

Structural characterization of CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) and V(2)O(5)/CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) mixed oxide catalysts by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HREM, and other techniques

Structural characteristics of CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) (CZ/T) and V(2)O(5)/CeO(2)-ZrO(2)/TiO(2) (V/CZ/T) mixed oxide catalysts have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) techniques. The CeO(2)-ZrO(2) (1:1 mole ratio) solid solution was deposited over a finely powdered TiO(2) support by a deposition precipitation method. A nominal 5 wt % V(2)O(5) was impregnated over the calcined (773 K) CZ/T mixed oxide carrier by a wet impregnation technique. The obtained CZ/T and V/CZ/T samples were further subjected to thermal treatments from 773 to 1073 K to understand the dispersion and temperature stability of these materials. In the case of CZ/T samples, the XRD results suggest the formation of different cubic and tetragonal Ce-Zr-oxide phases, Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2), Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2), Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O(2), and Ce(0.16)Zr(0.84)O(2) in varying proportions depending on the treatment temperature. With increasing calcination temperature from 773 to 1073 K, the intensity of the lines pertaining to cubic Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) and Ce(0.5)Zr(0.5)O(2) phases increased at the expense of cubic Ce(0.75)Zr(0.25)O(2), indicating more incorporation of zirconia into the ceria lattice. The TiO(2) was mainly in the anatase form whose crystallite size also increased with increasing treatment temperature. A better crystallization and more incorporation of zirconia into the ceria lattice was noted when CZ/T was impregnated with V(2)O(5). However, no crystalline V(2)O(5) could be seen from both XRD and RS measurements. In particular, a preferential formation of CeVO(4) compound and an intense tetragonal Ce(0.16)Zr(0.84)O(2) phase were noted beyond 873 K. The HREM results indicate, in the case of CZ/T samples, a well-dispersed Ce-Zr-oxide of the size approximately 5 nm over the bigger crystals ( approximately 40 nm) of TiO(2) when treated at 873 K. The exact structural features of these crystals as determined by digital diffraction analysis of experimental images reveal that the Ce-Zr-oxides are mainly in the cubic fluorite geometry and the TiO(2) is in anatase form. A better crystallization of Ce-Zr-oxides ( approximately 8 nm) over the surface of bigger crystals of TiO(2) was noted at 1073 K. A further enhancement in the crystallite size and zirconia-rich tetragonal phase was noted in the case of V/CZ/T samples. Further, the structure of CeVO(4) formed was also clearly identified in conformity with XRD and RS results.     

Catalytic methanol decomposition to carbon monoxide and hydrogen over Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3 with different Ce/Zr molar ratios

The catalytic behaviors of Pd (1.4 wt%) catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3 mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr molar ratios were investigated for methanol decomposition. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Pd dispersion analysis were used for their characterization. Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18 La0.06 O1.97 catalyst showed the highest BET surface area, best Pd dispersion capability and strongest metal-support interaction. Moreover, XPS showed that there was lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen. According to the result of O 1s measurements the lattice defect oxygen or mobile oxygen helped to maintain Pd in a partly oxidized state and increased the activity for methanol decomposition. The Pd/Ce0.76Zr0.18La0.06O1.97 catalyst exhibited the best activity. A 100% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 260℃, which was about 20-40 ℃ lower than other catalysts     

铈锆摩尔比对Ce0.3+xZr0.6-xY0.1O1.95系列储氧材料性能的影响

研究了铈锆摩尔比对Ce0.3+xZr0.6-xY0.1O1.95系列储氧材料性能的影响, 得到了一些有意义的结果.     

Metal-support interaction and redox behavior of Pt(1 wt %)/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2

The catalyst Pt(1 wt %)/Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) is studied by CO-temperature programmed reduction (CO-TPR), isothermal oxygen storage complete capacity (OSCC), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt L(III) edge, and in situ X-ray diffraction (in situ XRD), with the aim of elucidating the role of supported metal in CO oxidation by ceria-based three-way catalysts (TWC). The redox behavior of Pt(1 wt %)/Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) is compared to that of bare ceria-zirconia. OSCC of redox-aged Pt/ceria-zirconia is twice that of bare ceria-zirconia, and the maximum of CO consumption occurs at a temperature about 300 K lower than redox-aged ceria-zirconia. XAS analysis allows one to evidence the formation of a platinum-cerium alloy in redox-aged samples and the stability of the metal particles toward oxidation and sintering during high-temperature treatments. Under CO flux at 773 K, bare ceria-zirconia shows a continuous drift of diffraction peaks toward smaller Bragg angles, due to a progressive increase of Ce(III) content. Under the same treatment, the structural rearrangement of Pt-supported ceria-zirconia starts after an induction time and takes place with an abrupt change of the lattice constant. The experimental evidence points to the role of supported Pt in modifying the redox properties of ceria-zirconia with respect to the bare support. It is proposed that the much faster bulk reduction observed by in situ XRD for redox-aged Pt/ceria-zirconia can be attributed to an easier release of reacted CO(2), producing a more effective turnover of reactants at the catalyst surface.