ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

物理学咬文嚼字之十心有千千结,都付画图中

图像可以帮助表述难以言传之意,所以它一直是物理学以及其他众多学科之重要表现工具.英文物理学文献中常遇到的与图像有关的词汇包括chart,map(mapping),histogram,scratch, sketch,image,plot,inset, painting,drawing,illustration,depict, delineation,profile,graphics,figure, picture,diagram(schematic diagram), graph, photograph, micrograph, cartoon,portrait,以及最近也可以作为稿件部分的film,flash,video,等等.研究者要善于选择最有效的图形表现工具,并要明了这些不同方式间的细微差别.然而,对物理学渐进境界之理解却又要求研究者心中不能着相.此中微义,愿读者诸公参详.     

不可思议的脉冲星

在浩瀚的宇宙中,存在着许许多多的不同种类的星体,在这些星体中,有我们熟悉的绿色家园行星——地球,能量之母的恒星——太阳,以及拖着长长尾巴的彗星等等。但是在众多的星体中,有些星体并不为人们所熟悉,这里就有诸如白矮星、红巨星、超新星、脉冲星和黑洞等等,这些不为人熟悉的星体中,它们都有着与平常星体许多不同寻常的地方,有些方面是我们常人无法想象的,在这众多的不同寻常的星体中,有一种星体它不仅在宇宙学的发展中具有划时代的意义,     

影响南丰蜜桔品质的土壤元素ICP-MS/ICP-AES分析

南丰蜜桔是原产于江西南丰的优良品种,但是品质随着种植地区的不同差异较大。文章借助ICP-MS/ICP-AES技术对江西6个不同地区,生产南丰蜜桔品质的土壤中植物的必需元素进行了分析,以期找到影响南丰蜜桔品质的土壤因素。结果显示, 品质较好的3个地区土壤中B, P, K, Mg和Ca含量均高于品质较差地区的含量,特别是B, P和K含量差异显著,而Fe, Mn, Si, Cu和Zn含量则低于品质差的地区。上述结果表明南丰蜜桔的品质主要受B, P, K, Mg和Ca控制,尤其是B, P, K影响较大;而Fe, Mn, Si, Cu和Zn对南丰蜜桔品质影响较小。所以在种植南丰蜜桔时应当适当增加B, P, K, Mg和Ca等肥料的施用量。     

能量教学中值得注意的两个问题

能量是物理学中一个重要而且抽象的概念,如果在教学中教师表述不准确,学生就容易混淆不清,感到迷惑不解.因此,教师能否用准确的语言,严谨的思维,合理的模型给学生呈现能量概念,就显得尤为重要.应高度重视语言的准确,重视从能量是系统共同具有的角度,能量守恒的角度来进行教学.     

求异思维与创新能力培养

 求异思维也称发散思维,它表现在思维过程中的特点是：不循常规,不蹈旧矩,不依样画瓢,不盲从轻信,不囿于己有结论、方法和途径,不限于众所周知的框架、范畴和界限,而是想别人所未想,思他人所不思,走前人未走过的路,用常人没用过的方法,……因此,其思维的指向是多角度的、辐射式的,思路十分广阔,视野极其开放,在思考问题时勇于怀疑,善于分析,敢于标新立异,巧于另辟奚径,凡事都喜欢问一个为什么,解决问题决不一步一趋地重复以往的经验。这样思考的结果就能突破思维定势,产生新的思想,新的观念,探索新的途径,新的方法,形成新的方案,新的结论。     

多重表征——建构主义物理教学的新思路

编者按:本文引用了心理学界长期使用的"结构良好领域的知识和结构不良领域的知识"的知识分类观点,实际上就科学知识而言,心理学的那种分类和解释并不很恰当,可以"通过复制与同化而获取"的知识,不能说是结构良好的,只能说是简单的确定的,"概念比较复杂,理解一个概念要涉及灵活性和变化性"的知识是多元的,开放的知识,不应该冠以"不良结构"的帽子,这一点也许正是心理学与自然科学,中、西方文化存在的差异的反映;但是我们认为对上述概念作科学的理解后,本文关于物理教学所讨论的问题仍然是有价值的.     

物理学咬文嚼字之四十五 此同时非彼同时

At the same time,meantime（meanwhile）,coeval,contemporaneous,contemporary,isochronal,synchronic,synchronous,synchronistic,simultaneous等等都有同时（刻、段、代）的意思,但此同时非彼同时,不可以总按照中文的同时来理解.同时性简直是物理学最深刻的概念--放弃simultaneity的绝对性是狭义相对论的关键,量子力学在随意地谈论同时测量的问题,而统计物理中的系综（ensemble）概念也和simultaneity有关.这些词之间的差别是微妙的,容不得任何含糊.     

浅谈物理课堂教学的结尾设计

课堂教学是实施素质教育的主阵地,其重要地位不言而喻,课堂教学又是一个有机的整体,课堂引入、新课教学、课堂结尾等各个环节不容忽视,课堂教学设计是教学过程的重要环节,设计是否恰当、合理,直接影响着教学任务的完成,是评价课堂教学成败的标准．古人云：“凡事预则立,不预则废”．课堂结尾是课堂教学的重要组成部分,怎样恰当、合理设计课堂教学结尾,直接影响着教学过程的顺利进行和教学目标的实现．因此,课堂教学的结尾设计对于搞好课堂教学、提高教学质量具有重要的作用．笔者根据自己多年的教学实践,对物理课堂教学的结尾设计进行探讨．     

Ordering of diagnostic information in encoded medical images. Accuracy progression

A concept of diagnostic accuracy progression for embedded coding of medical images was presented. Implementation of JPEG2000 encoder with a modified PCRD optimization algorithm was realized and initially verified as a tool for accurate medical image streaming. Mean square error as a distortion measure was replaced by other numerical measures to revise quality progression according to diagnostic importance of successively encoded image information. A faster increment of image diagnostic importance during reconstruction of initial packets of code stream was reached. Modified Jasper code was initially tested on a set of mammograms containing clusters of microcalcifications and malignant masses, and other radiograms. Teleradiologic applications were considered as the first area of interests.     

Study on the quality assurance of diagnostic X-ray machines and assessment of the absorbed dose to patients

Radiation exposure and image quality in X-ray diagnostic radiology provide a clear understanding of the relationship between the radiation dose delivered to a patient and image quality in optimizing medical diagnostic radiology. Because a certain amount of radiation is unavoidably delivered to patients, this should be as low as reasonably achievable. Several X-ray diagnostic machines were used at different medical diagnostic centers in Egypt for studying the beam quality and the dose delivered to the patient. This article studies the factors affecting the beam quality, such as the kilo-volt peak (kVp), exposure time (mSc), tube current (mAs) and the absorbed dose in (μGy) for different examinations. The maximum absorbed dose measured per mAs was 594±239 and 12.5±3.7 μGy for the abdomen and the chest, respectively, while the absorbed dose at the elbow was 18±6 μGy, which was the minimum dose recorded. The compound and expanded uncertainties accompanying these measurements were 4±0.35% and 8±0.7%, respectively. The measurements were done through quality control tests as acceptance procedures.     

Laser spectroscopy applied to energy,environmental and medical research

Through the development of powerful laser spectroscopy techniques new means for advanced diagnostics and sample analysis have emerged. Applications of laser spectroscopy in the fields of energy, environmental and medical research are discussed. Emphasis is placed on non-intrusive diagnostic techniques for studying combustion processes, for remote monitoring of atmospheric pollutants and for industrial and medical applications of laser-induced fluorescence. Selected examples from work performed at the Lund Institute of Technology are used as illustrations, and references to books, reviews and selected papers are given.     

高场超导MRI系统铁磁屏蔽的几何优化

磁共振成像（MRI）系统是一种重要的医学影像诊断设备,它根据核磁共振原理对处于静磁场中的人体器官进行成像,具有清晰度高和任意层面成像等优点,在医学检查和诊断方面有着重要的作用,与低场MRI相比,高场MRI系统可提高质子的磁化率,增加图像的信噪比,缩短MRI信号采集时间,从而使脑功能成像的信号变化更为明显;但是较高的背景...     

Compression evaluation of surgery video recordings retaining diagnostic credibility (compression evaluation of surgery video)

Wider dissemination of medical digital video libraries is affected by two correlated factors, resource effective content compression that directly influences its diagnostic credibility. It has been proved that it is possible to meet these contradictory requirements halfway for long-lasting and low motion surgery recordings at compression ratios close to 100 (bronchoscopic procedures were a case study investigated). As the main supporting assumption, it has been accepted that the content can be compressed as far as clinicians are not able to sense a loss of video diagnostic fidelity (a visually lossless compression). Different market codecs were inspected by means of the combined subjective and objective tests toward their usability in medical video libraries. Subjective tests involved a panel of clinicians who had to classify compressed bronchoscopic video content according to its quality under the bubble sort algorithm. For objective tests, two metrics (hybrid vector measure and hosaka Plots) were calculated frame by frame and averaged over a whole sequence.     

Use of a light-integrating sphere in low-intensity laser therapy

A method for applying the photometric(light-integrating) sphere to solve medical problems of laser therapy is proposed. In contrast to the currently commonly used method of intravenous laser irradiation of blood, this method is noninvasive. An additional advantage of the method is possibility of obtaining diagnostic data on the dynamic response of the organism to physiological stress.     

Acoustic Doppler shifts in medicine

This is a brief discourse on the history of the uses of acoustic Doppler frequency shifts in modern medicine. The Doppler effect and the Doppler equation are discussed. The technological developments over the last half century are covered, as well as their applications in diagnostic medical sonography. A limited discussion of the pathologies that may be diagnosed using the Doppler effect is also presented.     

Some experimental data for the design of acoustic arrays

The frequency spectra of resonant vibration of a PZT4 piezoelectric plate was observed, for width-to-thickness ratios ranging from 0·3 to 4·0. The results give useful information for the design of line arrays applicable, for example, to medical diagnostic sonars. The effect of backing and impedance matching on PZT4 ceramic slabs was also studied experimentally.     

Breast cancer diagnostics by Raman spectroscopy

This paper presents new results for the normal, malignant and benign tissues by Raman spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the most statistically reliable research (321 spectra from 44 patients) on Raman spectroscopy-based diagnosis of breast cancers among the world's women population. The paper demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful medical diagnostic tool with the key advantage in breast cancer research.     

Diagnostic Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Oncology Field: Hopes and Challenges

Abstract

Cancer is one of the big killers of world population. The majority of cancers are diagnosed at a late stage, making a cure almost impossible. Fluorescence spectroscopy is an emerging diagnostic tool for various medical diseases including premalignant and malignant lesions. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique and has been applied successfully for the diagnosis of multisystem cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. Fluorescence spectroscopy minimizes the need for repetitive biopsy, which is routine practice for cancer patient follow-up. But there are many aspects of this new diagnostic technique that should be discussed in future research to overcome limitations and challenges faced by this technique for diagnosis of cancers.