气体火焰驻波在低频段熄火的研究

用驻波函数和伯努利方程推导出火焰驻波管内任意位置的声压方程,并分析了低频时熄火的原因.引入压节(波幅)、压腹(波节)解释了驻波管两端出现高火焰的原因.用全封闭的驻波管完整地呈现了低频段共振点的驻波.     

利用气体火焰研究驻波

驻波是一个比较抽象的概念,较难理解,用气体火焰模拟驻波可以让我们更直观的研究声场产生的驻波。实验中发现火焰按波形变化的规律分布,用驻波波函数和伯努利方程对实验现象进行了理论分析,引入压节(波腹)、压腹(波节)解释在两端出现的高火焰现象。实验结果与理论分析接近一致。     

一个驻波演示实验

介绍一个驻波演示实验，让声波在充有可燃性气体的圆管中形成驻波，气体通过多孔燃烧时出现余弦分布的火焰包迹线，这个包迹线能把驻波显示出来。     

囚禁离子非线性J-C模型量子态保真度

用全量子理论研究驻波激光场与囚禁离子相互作用系统中量子态保真度,详细讨论离子质心在驻波激光场中位置及离子初始状态对保真度的影响.结果表明:随着囚禁离子从远离驻波激光场波节处向波节处移动,量子态保真度振荡频率越来越高,振荡幅度几乎不变,且保真度到达第一个极小值所用时间越来越短,但不会出现信息完全失真;随着囚禁离子处于基态概率增加,量子态保真度振荡频率几乎不变,振荡幅度越来越小,也不会出现信息完全失真;在信息储存或传递过程中,囚禁离子量子态失真比系统和驻波场量子态失真小.     

声场作用下甲烷部分预混火焰NOx生成特性实验研究

在Rijke管产生的强迫脉动驻波声场下,以甲烷层流部分预混火焰为研究对象,比较了脉动燃烧与稳态燃烧下NOx随当量比的变化规律,结合微细热电偶、火焰探针,讨论了火焰内部温度场和组分浓度变化,分析了脉动燃烧下NOx降低机理。结果表明脉动燃烧下甲烷部分预混火焰的NOx降低,其主要机理为：脉动燃烧下火焰的峰值温度低,温度分布均...     

自制鲁本斯火焰管在声学教学中的应用研究

为了直观地演示声波的有关实验现象, 实现声驻波的可视化, 制作了一个鲁本斯火焰管演示仪器用于 实验教学, 并就声压和频率对火焰高度和位置的影响进行了分析和研究, 实验发现火焰形状与声波波形相对应, 并 且呈现出高频动态变化的特征     

气体柱中纵驻波的演示

本文介绍用煤气火焰演示纵驻波的实验装置。 沿封闭充气管轴向传播的纵波,在管端被反射。如果管长l和波长λ之间满足条件 l=nλ/2。n=1,2,3,…则在管内气柱中,将因入射波和反射波之间的干涉而产生纵驻波。 用图1所示的装置演示气柱中的纵驻波,能给人以深刻印象,并可供一、二百人同时观看。 实验装置和使用情况简述如下:在管子一端密封安装一个扬声器,它由低频讯号发生器通过输出变压器来激励。从管子的另一端导入煤气(或液化石油气),使煤气充满整个管内,并通过管子上边等间距的一排小孔慢慢逸出。将逸出的煤气点燃以后,就产生一排火焰。适当…     

驻波的能量

本文证明，在波节与波腹之间驻波的能量是守恒的，在波节和波腹处，能流密度都为零．本文还验证了驻波场的能量连续性方程．     

圆柱受限空间内喷雾燃烧振荡特性研究

本文研究了圆柱受限空间内的喷雾火焰燃烧压力振荡的特性。为了更清楚地了解火焰的构造,首先测量了火焰的温度场。在较大的一次风和二次风变化范围内,测量了压力的振荡特性。结果表明：火焰的稳定是由回流区完成的,在较小的一次风燃料当量比和中等的二次风量时,振荡最强,达到 １００ Ｐａ左右的量级。其频率为 ２００～２３０ Ｈｚ左右。分析表明燃烧室中的振荡是轴向驻波振荡。     

激光驻波中运动电子的谐波自发辐射

 采用单电子模型分析了电子在线极化激光驻波中的动力学及谐波自发辐射谱,数值计算了电子在驻波中的运动情况及辐射谱。结果表明:电子在波节和波腹处入射后,其辐射谱出现不同的特征;电子在波节处垂直磁场入射后,在洛伦兹力作用下快速振动并向前运动,其向后辐射的光谱发生红移,向前辐射的光谱发生蓝移,谱线出现展宽;当激光强度或者电子初始能量增大时,这些效应更加突出,以至于产生更高阶谐波,形成连续谱;而电子在波腹处以平行电场的方向入射后,仅在电场作用下作直线运动,其自发辐射谱线没有发生移动和展宽。     

The role of spontaneous waves in the deflagration-to-detonation transition in submillimetre channels

Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in submillimetre two-dimensional planar and three-dimensional square channels were simulated by solving the compressible reactive Navier–Stokes equations. A simplified chemical–diffusive model was used to describe the diffusive transport and chemical reaction of a highly reactive mixture, such as stoichiometric ethylene and oxygen in 2D and 3D channels. The walls of the channels were modelled as no-slip and adiabatic. The initial flame acceleration and precursor shock formation were consistent with earlier results. Viscous dissipation in the boundary layer heats the reactants, which have been compressed by the precursor shock. The strength of the precursor shock and the amount of viscous dissipation increase until the temperature of the boundary layer is high enough to ignite the reactants. This produces a spontaneous wave, which, in most of the cases considered, initiates the detonation. The spontaneous wave first forms where the flame attaches to the wall in the planar channels, and forms at the corner where two walls meet in the square channels. In a separate study, the boundary layer also ignited in a computation for a circular tube containing a mixture hydrogen and oxygen represented by a detailed chemical reaction mechanism. The formation of spontaneous waves to the extent studied appears to be robust, and is relatively insensitive to channel geometry, fuel and oxidiser mixture, and the level of detail in the chemical–diffusive models used.     

氢氧爆轰波在激波管中的成长机制研究

 针对气相爆轰波成长机制研究,采用压力传感器和高速摄影技术,测试了氢氧混合气体在点火后的火焰波、前驱冲击波以及爆轰波的成长变化过程,计算了冲击波过程参数和气体状态参数,分析了火焰加速机制。实验结果表明,APX-RS型高速摄影系统可用于拍摄气相爆轰波的成长历程;氢氧爆轰波的产生是由于湍流火焰和冲击波的相互正反馈作用,导致反应区内多处发生局部爆炸,爆炸波与冲击波相互耦合,最终成长为定常爆轰波。     

基于波传播算法的火焰不稳定性

基于波传播算法构造了多组分反应流的数值格式,利用CH4空气基元反应动力学模型,并采用分离算法,对CH4空气混合物中,入射激波与火焰的相互作用,以及反射激波与火焰的二次作用过程进行了数值模拟.根据计算结果,讨论了激波诱导火焰失稳的发展过程及其特点.结果表明,Helmholtz不稳定、RichtmyerMeshkov不稳定以及反应放热速率对火焰失稳过程有重要影响.计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,对数值方法的有效性进行了验证.     

激波冲击火焰的流动拓扑研究

为深入研究激波冲击火焰现象的内在机制,采用二维带化学反应的Navier-Stokes方程对现象进行数值研究,通过对速度梯度张量特征方程的分析证明Okubo-Weiss函数适用于可压缩流动,并重点分析火焰区的流动拓扑特性.结果表明,波后火焰区内Okubo-Weiss函数积分量基本守恒,但在火焰区内部和表面具有截然不同的流动状态,且火焰发展基本不受流场可压缩性的影响;波后火焰区的流动拓扑分类主要以焦点和鞍点为主,意味着流场中变形占主导.     

Characteristic regimes of premixed gas combustion in high-porosity micro-fibrous porous media

Dynamical behaviour of the premixed flame propagating in the inert high-porosity micro-fibrous porous media has been studied numerically. Effects of mixture filtration velocity, equivalence ratio and burner transverse size on the flame structure have been investigated and the regions of existence of different combustion regimes have been determined. It was found that the influence of the hydrodynamic instability on the flame dynamics is significant in the case of the moderate and high filtration velocities and this effect is negligible at the low velocities. At the moderate filtration velocities the effect of hydrodynamic instability manifests in the flame front deformation and in particular in the flame inclination. It was found that the flame can be stabilized within the whole interval of the filtration gas velocity, whereas in the ordinary porous media the standing wave is settled only at fixed value of gas filtration velocity. This finding is in line with recent experimental results on combustion in micro-fibrous porous media (Yang et al., Combust. Sci. Tech. 181 (2009), 1–16). Possible physical interpretation of the flame anchoring effect may be given on the base of present numerical analysis. At the high filtration velocities the hydrodynamic instability manifests itself in periodical appearance of the moving wrinkles on the flame front surface which forms non stationary high temperature trailing spots behind the leading part of the flame front. Such dynamics may be associated with splitting wave structures which were revealed in previous experiments (Yang et al., Combust. Sci. Tech. 181 (2009), 1–16).     

Characteristic analysis of low-velocity gas filtration combustion in an inert packed bed

This paper investigates the low-velocity filtration combustion of lean methane–air mixtures occurring in inert packed beds by using a modified one-temperature model, considering the axial thermal diffusion owing to the convective gas–solid heat transfer. Based on the scaling analysis of various transport terms in different conservation equations, a high-activation energy asymptotic method is applied in the flame zone and results in a set of powerful analytical solutions for combustion macrocharacteristics under the fully developed conditions. These are then combined with the eigenvalue method of the modified one-temperature model in the whole flow region to study the flame behaviour analytically and numerically. Our results have shown that the combustion wave velocity is a key characteristic parameter in the filtration combustion process. Compared with other existing theoretical results, the present analytical solutions demonstrate the intricate relationships among the combustion wave velocity, the flame speed, the peak flame temperature and the effects of the variable thermo-physical properties, and show better prediction performance for the combustion wave velocity, the flame speed and the peak flame temperature. Excellent agreements with experimental results have been observed, especially for very lean filtration combustion with stream-wise propagating combustion fronts.     

Influence of obstacle disturbance in a duct on explosion characteristics of coal gas

In combination with experimental research,numerical simulation is performed to investigate the influence law of the obstacles in a duct on the explosion flame of premixed coal gas and air. The numerical method uses upwind WENO scheme and two-step chemical reaction model. The interaction mechanism is addressed between the compression wave from reflection on the right end of the duct and flame propagation. The reflected wave is found to result in the decrease of flame velocity. On this basis,we analyze the me...     

激波与火焰作用的实验与理论研究

采用高速摄影技术拍摄了等当量比的甲烷/空气预混气环境下,火焰与激波相互作用的时序照片,对实验结果进行了分析讨论。使用基于带化学反应的N-S方程和热力学数据,利用改进的VLS格式,对等当量比条件下甲烷/空气预混气中激波与火焰的相互作用进行了数值模拟,并利用光学知识,进行了计算光学的数值模拟。实验结果与数值计算结果进行了比较,两者符合得较好。     

Inward-propagating cylindrical flames under different ignition conditions

Inward-propagating cylindrical flames are studied numerically by high-resolution simulations using a one-step Arrhenius kinetics. Emphasis is placed on the effect of shock waves on the flame propagation by setting initial ignition conditions with and without shock wave. It is found that without initial shock wave, the inward-propagating flame propagates initially at a constant speed, while in the later stage of the propagation, it shows a small-amplitude oscillatory motion. When the shock wave initially introduced is medium, a large-amplitude oscillatory motion is caused by the interaction of shock waves with the inward-propagating flame. Moreover, autoignition occurs at the center and develops outwardly into a cellular flame. However, as the introduced shock wave is strong, autoignition created at the center evolves outwardly a cellular detonation.     

惰性多孔介质内过滤燃烧特性分析

以惰性堆积床内甲烷/空气低速过滤燃烧为例,因次分析系统特征尺度,基于修正的单温度模型,提出一种封闭的耦合解析方法,对燃烧过程进行理论分析.研究了燃烧波波速、火焰传播速率、最高燃烧温度等燃烧特性参数,将计算结果与实验结果以及前人的理论结果进行对比.