基于MATLAB的等厚干涉数值模拟

运用MATLAB软件平台设计了等厚干涉图样模拟的程序。使用者可通过命令窗口输入相关参数的值,运行程序得到等厚干涉图样。本文通过改变相关参数的值,分析薄膜夹角、介质折射率、入射光波长、入射角度对等厚干涉条纹间距的影响。此外,还研究了非单色光对等厚干涉条纹可见度的影响。     

多项式回归在等厚干涉实验中的应用

用多项式回归处理等厚干涉的实验数据，可将等厚干涉的检测范围从球面拓展到任意二次旋转曲面。     

基于等色干涉的膜分析

基于膜等色干涉原理,将等色干涉条纹与已知线光谱在光谱仪谱面上叠加,通过对干涉条纹宽度及其变化的测量,可计算出膜厚、膜厚突变、膜厚渐变等.对膜进行扫描分析,膜的面积达10-2mm2数量级即可进行测量.     

薄膜干涉光程差公式推导过程中的近似问题

给出等倾干涉的光程差公式可推广至等厚干涉的证明.     

用等厚干涉测液体的折射率

在等厚干涉的实验中,加入了用劈尖干涉对比法测液体折射率的内容,在不改变劈尖膜的条件下,同时测得空气膜和液体膜的干涉条纹宽度,从而可方便地求出液体的折射率,也使得等厚干涉的实验内容更加丰富和充实．     

迈克耳孙干涉仪上非定域干涉现象再认识

本文对迈克耳孙干涉仪上观察激光非定域干涉现象的问题,进行了理论和实验再研究,指出了目前物理实验教材中关于此问题解释的不妥之处.介绍了一种判别非定域等倾干涉和等厚干涉的方法,并从实验上证明了非定域等倾干涉和等厚干涉的存在.     

迈克耳孙干涉仪实验中等倾与等厚干涉条纹的判别

仔细研究了迈克耳孙干涉仪实验中产生等倾干涉和等厚干涉的实验条件和它们所产生的条纹的区别．提出了判别迈克耳孙干涉实验中等倾与等厚干涉条纹的依据．从而帮助学生加深对这两种干涉条纹的理解和判别．特别是在反射镜M1与M2不严格垂直时，同样可以观察到类似于等倾干涉的准圆环状条纹．我们对这一现象进行了分析和解释，并首次推导出等厚干涉直条纹任意一点上的微商(aδ/ad=2)为常数的结论，这一结果可以作为对迈克耳孙干涉仪现象的一个补充。     

从空气劈尖到牛顿环演变过程的课件制作

利用FlashMX设计制作了一个从空气劈尖过渡到牛顿环的演变过程课件，直观地展示了劈尖干涉和牛顿环同属于等厚干涉这一物理实质，从而进一步加深学生对等厚干涉的理解．     

等厚干涉实验中缺陷检测的数值模拟

利用数值方法研究了等厚干涉实验中平面玻璃存在凸凹缺陷时的干涉条纹,给出了不同缺陷尺寸、高度或曲率情况下的条纹变化性质,讨论了利用干涉图像进行缺陷检测的方法。该研究给出等厚干涉实验中的典型问题的数值求解办法,结果形象直观,便于理解。     

干涉法测量光学材料非线性折射率的方法研究

提出了一种基于楔形平板等厚干涉原理测量光学玻璃非线性折射率变化的方法。在理论分析的基础上,建立了变形的等厚干涉条纹变化△e／e与待测玻璃平片（K9玻璃）折射率变化量△nb之间的数学模型;在选取一定的实验条件下,获得等厚干涉实验测量干涉图样,并利用MATLAB对实验所得的干涉图进行图像数据处理分析计算,恢复出非线性变化光学玻璃材料的折射率变化量△nb该方法的测量精度可达10^-6。     

The pathogenesis of Randall's plaque: a papilla cartography of Ca compounds through an ex vivo investigation based on XANES spectroscopy

At the surface of attached kidney stones, a particular deposit termed Randall's plaque (RP) serves as a nucleus. This structural particularity as well as other major public health problems such as diabetes type‐2 may explain the dramatic increase in urolithiasis now affecting up to 20% of the population in the industrialized countries. Regarding the chemical composition, even if other phosphate phases such as whitlockite or brushite can be found as minor components (less than 5%), calcium phosphate apatite as well as amorphous carbonated calcium phosphate (ACCP) are the major components of most RPs. Through X‐ray absorption spectroscopy performed at the Ca K‐absorption edge, a technique specific to synchrotron radiation, the presence and crystallinity of the Ca phosphate phases present in RP were determined ex vivo. The sensitivity of the technique was used as well as the fact that the measurements can be performed directly on the papilla. The sample was stored in formol. Moreover, a first mapping of the chemical phase from the top of the papilla to the deep medulla is obtained. Direct structural evidence of the presence of ACCP as a major constituent is given for the first time. This set of data, coherent with previous studies, shows that this chemical phase can be considered as one precursor in the genesis of RP.     

500 kV全固态Marx发生器

500 kV全固态Marx发生器采用Z型电路结构,以28个最大工作电压达22 kV、满载最高连续重复运行频率达200 Hz的绝缘栅双极型晶体管组件作为脉冲控制开关,采用以金属化膜电容器和线绕电感构成的梯形脉冲形成网络作为储能和脉冲形成器件。目前已实现500 kV脉冲输出,在50 Hz的重复频率下实现数十个脉冲的猝发输出。该发生器的输出脉冲电压峰值与已有文献报道的最高功率固态Marx发生器技术指标相近,输出脉冲电流峰值提高1倍,达到1000 A,发生器输出脉冲功率峰值达到500 MW。在采用电容器作为储能元件时,此Marx发生器输出脉冲宽度可在3～10 s范围内连续调整。     

Thermal modelling of laser welding and related processes: a literature review

The main emphasis of this review is on thermal modelling and prediction of laser welding in metals. However as similar techniques are employed to model conventional welding processes such as arc, resistance and friction, as well as related processes such as alloying, cladding and surface hardening, part of this review is given over to the modelling of these processes where appropriate. The time frame of the review is up to the year 2002.     

High-loading polyglycerol supported reagents for Mitsunobu- and acylation-reactions and other useful polyglycerol derivatives

Summary In this paper we present soluble dendritic polyglycerol (PG) supported reagents PG-DEAD, PG-PPh₃, and PG-DCC as well as scavengers PG-carbonate, PG-carbazate, and PG-amine, which all have been synthesized in high overall conversions and yields using simple purification techniques. The supported reagents have been used simultaneously in Mitsunobu and acylation reactions. All polymeric reagents and scavengers can be removed by simple precipitation/filtration protocols to give chromatography-free products of high purity. In the course of the syntheses of the polymeric reagents three intermediates turned out to be precious polyglycerol derivatives: a mixed carbonate as an electrophilic derivative, polyglyceryl carbazate as a scavenger for carbonyl compounds, as well as polyglycerylamines as amino analogues of polyglycerol.     

Organic- and molecule-based magnets

The discovery of organic- and molecule-based magnets has led to design and synthesis of several families with magnetic ordering temperatures as high as ∼125°C. Examples of soft and hard magnets with coercivities as high as 27 kOe have also been reported. Examples from our laboratory of organic-based magnets using the tetracyanoethylene radical anion, [TCNE]^•−, are discussed. In addition, several molecule-based magnets based on Prussian Blue structured materials as well as dicyanamide are discussed.     

Exact solution of finite size Mean Field Percolation and application to nuclear fragmentation

Random Graphs and Mean Field Percolation are two names given to the most general mathematical model of systems composed of a set of connected entities. It has many applications in the study of real life networks as well as physical systems. The model shows a precisely described phase transition, but its solution for finite systems was yet unresolved. However, atomic nuclei, as well as other mesoscopic objects (e.g. molecules, nano-structures), cannot be considered as infinite and their fragmentation does not necessarily occur close to the transition point. Here, we derive for the first time the exact solution of Mean Field Percolation for systems of any size, as well as provide important information on the internal structure of Random Graphs. We show how these equations can be used as a basis to select non-trivial correlations in systems and thus to provide evidence for physical phenomena.     

液体-液体相变与反常特性

绝大多数物质的液态密度随温度降低而增大,即常见的热胀冷缩现象.但存在一类物质,如水及第四主族的硅、锗等,其液态密度在一定温度范围内随温度的升高而增大,即密度反常现象.此外,该类物质还存在动力学反常(密度越大粒子运动越快)、热力学反常(热力学量的涨落随温度降低而升高)等其他反常特性.这类材料的化学性质千差万别,但却具有相似的物理反常特性.进一步的理论研究发现部分材料具有两种液态,即高密度液态和低密度液态,两者之间存在一级相变.因此,反常特性与液体-液体相变是否有直接关联是一个值得深入研究的课题.本文主要介绍了具有液体-液体相变的一类材料及其反常特性,包括高温高压下氢的液体-液体相变及其超临界现象,镓的反常特性及其与液体-液体相变的关联等.     

生物质气为燃料的燃料电池理论电动势计算

在以生物质气体为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池体系中,通过热力学平衡分析编程计算出700-1200 K时气体中各物种例如H2、CO、CO2和CH4的平衡组成,从而得到以氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)为电解质的电池理论电动势．碳沉积对电动势有显著影响．通过计算可以推测比较适宜的操作温度和增湿条件．还计算了以掺杂氧化铈为电解质的电池电动势,相比氢气为燃料时,使用生物质气体导致的电动势的下降比使用YSZ为电解质的电池要小的多．