基于Nios Ⅱ的红外图像灰度变换系统设计

提出了一种基于Nios Ⅱ的红外图像灰度变换设计方案,并详细介绍了红外图像灰度变换算法以及系统硬、软件设计以及实现方法.针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种基于平台直方图均衡的红外图像灰度变换算法,并在Cyclone Ⅱ系列FPGA上实现了该算法,其处理单元采用嵌入式处理器软核Nios Ⅱ.实验结果表明,该系统能很好地实现红外图形灰度变换,并在一定程度上抑制了背景,提升了目标.     

基于NURBS曲线直接插补算法的嵌入式数控系统设计与实现

提出了一种结合486SX级别的X86微处理器和可编程逻辑器件CPLD两级控制的嵌入式数控系统设计方案,阐述了该系统的硬件接口电路设计;提出了基于改进S形加减速的NURBS曲线直接插补算法,在满足最大弦高误差、最大法向加速度以及最大进给速度要求的情况下,对插补曲线的加速段和减速段进行速度规划。最后采用基于该插补算法的嵌入式数控系统,在半圆形毛坯上进行了五角星NURBS曲线的实际加工,验证了所设计嵌入式数控系统的可行性和有效性,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于FPGA的微型直流电机控制器IP核设计

为了实现阵列天线波束高效控制和系统小型化, 实现多轴微型直流伺服系统达到高速、并行控制, 根据Nios Ⅱ处理器的Avalon总线规范, 利用Verilog硬件描述语言, 设计了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的微型直流电机控制器IP核。该控制器采用了有限状态机的方法, 分多模块实现硬件控制功能。针对微型直流电机特性, 采用了比例-积分-微分（PID）算法、分段控制及启停监测等控制策略。最后利用软件Quartus Ⅱ及DE0开发板进行了仿真和实验验证, 实验表明, 该控制器具有响应速度快、定位精度高、可靠性高、体积小等特点, 可以可靠地对各路微型直流电机进行独立控制, 且控制性能良好, 能够实现天线单元快速、准确的相位控制。     

基于NiosⅡ的非制冷红外图像处理系统研究

设计一个非制冷红外图像处理系统，该系统放弃了目前普遍应用的数字信号处理器（DSP）＋现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的系统构架，采用基于FPGA的NiosⅡ嵌入式处理器的系统构架，实现了系统的小型化。提出一种基于流水线结构的信号处理方法，并利用NiosⅡ嵌入式处理器软硬件开发工具，实现了在该系统上对非制冷红外焦平面阵列非均匀性进行校正和盲元补偿的实时处理，降低了系统的工作频率。实验结果表明：该系统能够对非制冷红外图像进行实时处理，工作性能稳定，处理效果良好。     

基于SOPC技术的发射装置联调检测设备设计

为解决发射装置脱机状态下的综合检测问题,构建了基于片上可编程系统(SOPC)的发射装置联调检测设备。方案采用NiosⅡ软核处理器嵌入技术,并将处理器和外设接口控制逻辑集成在一块FPGA芯片中。FPGA内部程序模块设计使用VHDL语言描述,可重构性强,升级容易,移植性好。设备功能和性能达到设计要求,已在工厂装备修理中得到应用检验。     

基于Nios的微距控制系统的数字设计

设计了一种基于Nios处理器的微距控制系统,用于实现虚拟成像设备系统视标位置的精确定位。系统采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现对步进电机PWM的细分驱动和对光栅尺输出信号的鉴相倍频,构建了基于Nios的微距控制系统的数字设计部分。采用Altera公司的FPGA设计工具Quartus II和嵌入式开发套件 Nios IDE,将可配置的软核处理器与可编程的硬件电路集于一体,既实现了软件处理的灵活性,又具有硬件处理的高速性特点。实验表明,该设计在虚拟成像设备的标视定位中取得了良好的效果,实现了精度为1.25 μm的微距控制。     

多模调制曲面超精密加工轨迹优化技术

研究了采用单点金刚石超精密车削加工技术(SPDT)加工多模调制曲面过程中的刀具轨迹优化方法,首先,分析了SPDT方法加工多模调制曲面的基本原理;其次,理论分析了平行弦双圆弧插补算法的基本原理,推导了插补误差计算公式。在此基础上,提出采用插补步长伸缩变化方式实现了插补误差的动态控制,并获得了完整的插补计算公式;最后,采用Matlab软件对该插补算法进行了实例仿真分析,并分别与直线插补算法和固定步长双圆弧插补算法进行了对比分析,结果表明,该方法能在保证插补允差的前提下最大程度的减少插补区间数,从而有助于提高加工效率和延长刀具寿命。该方法在调制靶金属模板的制备中获得了广泛应用。     

162.5 MHz高频数字低电平控制监控系统设计与实现

中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研发的ADS 162.5 MHz高频低电平控制采用数字化技术实现,控制环路的参数设置、开闭环操作以及状态监测都通过监控系统实现。该系统基于以太网通讯,采用轻量化客户端-服务器端的工作方式,运行在上位机的客户端程序发送指令数据包,运行在高频数字低电平系统的服务器端响应指令,完成参数监测与控制。系统首先以Atera公司Stratix Ⅲ系列现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)开发板为基础,构建以Nios Ⅱ处理器和三速以太网接口为核心的服务器端硬件系统;其次基于Micro C/OSⅡ实时操作系统和轻量级TCP/IP协议栈,设计服务器端软件系统;最后利用MFC设计运行于上位机的客户端界面程序。经过长时间测试运行,该监控系统运行稳定可靠,TCP发送和接收吞吐率达到11.931 038 Mbps和8.117 624 Mbps。     

基于二维细分技术的时栅信号处理系统设计

为了提高时栅位移传感器的动态性能及测量精度,提出了一种基于FPGA和二维细分技术的时栅位移传感器信号处理系统。利用二维细分技术对插补脉冲进行倍频处理,降低了对插补脉冲频率的要求,通过倍频后的高频脉冲插补时栅感应信号和参考信号之间的相位差完成了时栅角位移的测量,提高测量精度。该系统在FPGA内基于NiosII软核完成数据的采集和处理,简化了系统,并加入自定义指令提高了数据处理效率。实验表明,采用该系统后,时栅位移传感器在960MHz插补脉冲下测量误差峰峰值为±1.3″,实现了时栅的高精度角位移测量。     

基于NiosⅡ的OLED显示驱动技术研究

为了利用有机发光二极管(OLED)显示屏显示字符及图形,对基于Nios技术的OLED显示驱动进行了研究。利用FPGA开发环境编写SVGA时序的Verilog HDL程序,设计了适合EMA-100080型SVGA+主动矩阵OLED微型OLED显示屏的SVGA接口;利用Nios集成开发环境编写C语言程序/控制字符、图形的生成及传输,协调NiosⅡ和FPGA之间数据传输。经调试及验证,表明OLED屏能够显示特定的字符及图形。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.