银氨溶液配制过程中的沉淀现象探析

通过一系列实验发现,新制的氨水与硝酸银溶液反应只能看到暗棕色的氧化银沉淀生成与溶解的实验现象;氨水与空气接触时间较长时,部分氨水吸收了空气中的二氧化碳生成碳酸铵,这样的氨水与硝酸银溶液反应,便有白色的碳酸银沉淀生成。     

杜伦试验,雷爆银和雷酸银

大多数有机化学教科书都介绍用杜伦试剂检验醛和还原糖。杜伦试剂的制备很容易:滴加稀氨水于新沉淀的氧化银中,直至氧化银恰好完全溶解,所得溶液即为杜伦试剂。若把这溶液置于清洁的玻璃表面皿中,然后滴入葡萄糖溶液,那么几分钟内便产生光亮的银镜。作     

乙炔银试验的研究和改进

改进了乙炔的洗气方法 ,用次氯酸钠 硫酸铜二次洗气可获得良好效果。观察了乙炔与银氨溶液、硝酸银乙醇溶液及硝酸银水溶液反应生成沉淀的外观。对 3种沉淀的组成进行了定性和定量分析 ,确定后两者为乙炔银与硝酸银构成的复盐AgCCAg·AgNO3。     

乙炔银沉淀生成实验的改进

乙炔银沉淀的生成实验是高中及大学基础有机化学实验中不饱和烃性质的重要内容之一。教材的做法是将经饱和硫酸铜溶液洗气后的乙炔通入硝酸银氨溶液,片刻后即有白色乙炔银沉淀生成。     

对Tollens试剂区别醛和酮的研究

本文作者在以下一系列实验中,发现酮类确能与 Tollens 试剂发生银镜反应。因此,用Tollens 试剂来区别醛和酮是值得商榷的。试样乙醛苯甲醛葡萄糖果糖丙酮丁酮戊酮-3 苯乙酮环已酮乙酰丙酮。Tollens 试剂：根据 Tollens 试剂是硝酸银的氨水溶液这个结论为出发点,就有加碱（指加氢氧化钠）和不加碱的银氨溶液之分。因此,将实验分为两大组进行。     

银元素的循环实验

设计并完成了由5步构成的银元素的循环实验,从银粉出发,经过银在硝酸中溶解,银离子与氯离子反应生成氯化银沉淀,氯化银溶解于氨水,银氨络离子与乙炔反应生成乙炔银,水合肼将乙炔银还原为单质银等化学反应,完成了银的循环实验。     

常见酸根阴离子对镁与水反应的影响

一、问题的提出镁不能跟氢氧化钠等碱溶液反应,但能与碱性银氨溶液反应生成氢气等产物。究其原因,有人认为是“反应途径不同”的缘故[1]：镁与氢氧化钠等碱溶液反应时,其表面形成了难溶的氢氧化镁,阻止了反应的进行;镁与银氨溶液反应时,镁先将银氨络离子中的银置换出来,使镁表面形成了Ag—Mg原电池,发生的是原电池反应：正极：2H2O＋2e→2OH－＋H2负极：Mg＋2OH-－2e→Mg（OH）2为了考察这一解释的可信度,笔者进行了下列2则实验。实验1（1）按文[1]方法用硝酸银和稀氨水制取少量银氨溶液;（2）把光亮的镁条置于银氨溶液中,…     

汞（Ⅱ）与氨水生成的沉淀的溶解性

通过实验讨论了二价汞与氨水反应生成的沉淀在过量氨水中的溶解性，提出在ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４ＮＯ３溶液中二价汞与氨生成可溶性配合物使沉淀溶解，而Ｃｌ－的存在不利于沉淀的溶解。     

甲酸还原银氨溶液实验条件的改进

甲酸还原银氨溶液的实验,已有几篇文章论及。现将笔者多次试验的结果介绍如下。 1.试剂 5%AgNO3溶液稀氨水（1:4） 甲酸浓溶液（～80%） 2.配制银氨溶液取约5ml5%AgNO3溶液于一支洁净试管里,滴加稀氨水（1:4）,边加边振摇,至黑色沉淀恰好溶解为止,溶液的pH值近于11。     

流动注射-原子吸收法间接测定呋喃妥因

呋喃妥因在氨性溶液中与硝酸银溶液反应 ,生成黄色沉淀 ,经流动注射在线分离 ,原子吸收法测定沉淀中的银 ,可间接测定呋喃妥因的含量 ,本法的测定结果与药典法一致。线性范围为 2 4～ 12 0mg L ;RSD <2 5 %。采样频率为 6 0次 /h。     

Idiosyncratic Ag7Pt2O7: An Electron Imprecise yet Diamagnetic Small Band Gap Oxide

The seminal qualitative concepts of chemical bonding, as presented by Walter Kossel and Gilbert Newton Lewis back in 1916, have lasting general validity. These basic rules of chemical valence still serve as a touchstone for validating the plausibility of composition and constitution of a given chemical compound. We report on Ag₇Pt₂O₇, with a composition that violates the basic rules of chemical valence and an exotic crystal structure. The first coordination sphere of platinum is characteristic of tetravalent platinum. Thus, the electron count corresponds to Ag₇Pt₂O₇*e⁻, where excess electrons are associated with the silver substructure. Such conditions given, it is commonly assumed that the excess electrons are either itinerant or localized in Ag−Ag bonds. However, the material does not show metallic conductivity, nor does the structure feature Ag-Ag pairs. Instead, the excess electrons organize themselves in 2e−4c bonds within the silver substructure. This subvalent silver oxide reveals a new general facet pertinent to silver chemistry.     

Influence of Temperature and Time on the Stability of Silver in Silica Sol-Gel Glasses

The darkening of silica sol-gel glasses doped with 0.05 mol% silver was studied. Six sols were prepared from TEOS and silver nitrate. Different additives were used, to influence the chemical and physical states of silver: oxidizing or reducing agents (H₂O₂, As₂O₅), colloid stabilizer (sodium citrate) and network modifiers (Li₂O, CaO). Sols were gelified at 60°C and densified at 600°C. The samples without additives and those prepared with H₂O₂ at room temperature even if they were protected from light. With increased temperature, the darkening became samples were heated above, 400°C, reversible bleaching took place. This darkening-bleaching is of thermal nature (“thermochromic effect”) and seems to be determined by a reversible aggregation-disaggregation of tiny silver particles. The presence of sodium citrate, as an additive delayed the darkening effect and the presence of CaO delayed it even further. Lithium oxide inhibited it totally.     

In-Situ Formation of AgCl Nanocrystallites in Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel and Silver Nanoparticles in Silica Glass Films

We are reporting on a novel preparation of silver chloride in sol-gel silica films as a precursor for nanoparticles of silver. The precipitation of silver chloride particles in-situ was achieved by the reaction of silver nitrate with trichloroacetic acid. The reaction leads to a slow release of chloride leading to a controlled precipitation of AgCl. The existence of an isotropic crystalline AgCl phase in the glass films was demonstrated by X-rays Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (SEM-EDAX). The resulting films are of good optical quality and exhibit a strong coloration upon irradiation with sunlight or heating to 600°C, due to the reduction of AgCl to silver nanoparticles. The absorption spectra of the films before and after irradiation are shown.     

银/聚合物纳米复合材料

银/聚合物纳米复合材料是一种典型的聚合物基复合材料, 其结构和性能依赖于合成方法,因此开发材料的优异性能必须以深入研究纳米材料的先进合成技术为前提。本文综述了纳米银粒子及其与聚合物形成的纳米复合材料的最新合成进展, 重点介绍了基于液相化学还原方法合成纳米银粒子的新方法, 如溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、微乳液法和离子液体法, 以及纳米银粒子的分散技术和原位法合成银/聚合物纳米复合材料的新技术, 并介绍了纳米银复合材料的电绝缘性、表面增强拉曼散射性能、抗菌性及其在生物医学等领域中的应用。     

单分散性银纳米粒子的可控制备

以卤化银或氧化银作为前驱体,室温下以水为溶剂,在较高溶液浓度下,利用化学还原法制备了单分散性银纳米粒子,并通过改变前驱体的种类,实现了粒径可控制备。采取扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）、X射线-粉末衍射仪（XRD）、X射线-光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对所制备的银纳米粒子的形貌及成分进行了表征。结果显示,所制备的银纳米粒子具有较高的单分散性,粒径在40~150 nm之间,具有面心立方多晶结构。该方法制备的银纳米粒子可用于喷墨打印RFID天线。     

A study of the silver form of a natural zeolitic material of the clinoptilolite type

The silver forms of a natural zeolitic material (from the East Slovakian deposit) on the clinoptilolite type has been prepared. The silver forms of the natural zeolitic material were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry, IR spectroscopy, ESCA measurements, scanning electron microscopy and conductivity measurements. Depending on the preparation conditions, the content of silver ions in the zeolitic products was found to be in the range from 16 to 24%. In the sample with a silver loading of 18.6%, the silver uptake is due to an ion exchange process, mostly involving Na(I), Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions.     

Resonance Light Scattering Spectra of Silver Thiocyanate System and its Application in Analysis

A novel determination method of Ag^＋ was established. In acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer （pH 5.0） medium, Ag^＋ reacts with SCN^- to form AgSCN in the presence of TritonX-100,which results in an increase of resonance light scattering （RLS）and giving a new RLS spectrum.The maximum RLS peak was at 585 nm,The enhancement of resonance light scattering at 585 nm was proportional to the concentration of Ag^＋ ranging from 0.0045-4.00μg mL^-1 （r=9991）,and the detection limit was 1.37 ng mL^-1 with the recovery of 97.70%- 104.80%。     

银纳米微球和银纳米棒自组装膜的制备及SERS研究

采用硼氢化钠还原硝酸银,用振荡器在不同转速下振荡得到单分散的银纳米微球和银纳米棒,再将银纳米微球及银纳米棒自组装于被3-氨丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)修饰的玻璃基片上,制得了具有表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性的基底,分别以罗丹明6G(R6G)和罗丹明B(RB)为探针分子对这两种基底进行SERS活性检测,结果发现这两种基底均为较理想的SERS衬底。     

Fabrication of a Simple and Cheap Screen-printed Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) Quasi-reference Electrode

In this work, a silver/silver chloride ink is fabricated using two steps. First the silver ink is prepare using silver, nail polish and acetone. Then the silver ink is painted in a paper substrate and a silver chloride layer is deposited using a bleach solution. The result is the silver/silver chloride conductive ink. The silver ink is cheap ($2.49/g), well-dispersive and very easy to fabricate. The materials were characterized by SEM and XRD. The Ag ink showed the formation of a continuous network throughout the silver ink film with fewer agglomeration. The effective chlorination process was also observed in the Ag/AgCl characterization. Since the Ag/AgCl substrate will be used as a quasi-reference electrode, it is important to investigate the electrical properties. The Ag ink showed an average ohmic resistance of 2.27 Ω. The addition of the AgCl layer decreases the conductivity, as expected. In summary, the Ag/Ag/Cl ink developed is simple, well-dispersed, cheap and with good conductivity. Therefore, it can be used as a conductive ink in the fabrication of quasi-reference electrodes.