紫外光引发制备高吸水树脂研究进展

首先介绍了紫外光(UV)引发及其常用的自由基光引发剂、光引发的特点、以及与γ射线辐射引发、微波辐射引发和电子束引发等三种引发方式相比较的优缺点等内容。然后就四种主要的光引发高吸水树脂:光引发乙烯基单体溶液聚合制备的高吸水树脂、光引发乙烯基单体接枝聚合制备的高吸水树脂、光引发制备复合高吸水树脂及光引发制备互穿网络(ISPN)高吸水树脂的研究进展进行了详细的阐述。最后指出了紫外光引发制备高吸水树脂需要加强的几个方向,即加强基础理论研究、开发新型高效光引发剂、开发新型复合高吸水树脂以及设计新的聚合工艺等。     

丙烯酸与纤维素在60Co辐照下的接枝聚合反应

高吸水性树脂是一类高分子功能材料，吸水量大、保水性强，可以吸收比自身重量高几百到几千倍的水，而且所吸人的水在适当的压力下也不会被挤出。60年代初美国最早开始淀粉接枝丙烯腈研究，随后国内外学者又用纤维素或其衍生物与丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯等单体接枝聚合，经碱液水解后而得。纤维素类高吸水树脂虽然吸水倍率不很高，但吸水速度较快，吸水后形成的凝胶强度较大，其单体制备严格条件下，纤维素要经过活化，要有引发剂诱导，还要通氮气，在一定温度下反应才能进行。本文采用纤维素与丙烯酸在常温和辐照条件下，无需活化、引发剂和氮气保护，即可进行接枝聚合而制备高吸水材料。     

高吸水树脂凝胶强度的测定

高吸水树脂可用于油田调剖堵水,有机溶剂脱水及农田保水等。高吸水树脂凝胶中的水不易挤出。吸水凝胶的强度的岩芯测定法由于所取岩芯孔洞不均,测定结果重现性差。本文介绍一种测定吸水树脂凝胶抗压强度和抗压能的方法。 将凝胶置于压缩器中,用INSTRON-1121型材料试验机测定极限压强,以抗压强度σ表     

电缆用无纺布堵水带高吸水树脂的研究

电缆用无纺布堵水带高吸水树脂的研究钟安永，陈德本，周宗华，姚文（四川联合大学（东区）化学系成都６１００６４）关键词高吸水树脂，无纺布堵水带，丙烯酸甲酯－醋酸乙烯共聚物塑料绝缘电力电缆、通讯电缆、光纤电缆等在使用中常常因为护套破损而导致水的纵向渗透，使...     

波聚合制备淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂

高吸水树脂是一种新型功能高分子材料,广泛应用于卫生用品、农林业和生物医药等领域．将淀粉接枝改性制备吸水树脂不仅可以减少对石油产品的依赖性,而且还可以使吸水树脂具有可生物降解性,从而避免出现环境问题．     

淀粉磷酸酯基高吸水树脂对Cu2+的等温吸附行为研究

含重金属离子废水的处理一直是人们关注的重点和难点.近年来,吸附法是处理重金属废水的一种比较有效的方法。本文以马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯为原料合成高吸水树脂,并且检测了高吸水树脂对Cu2+的静态等温吸附性能。讨论了不同丙烯酸中和度的高吸水树脂产品、Cu2+离子浓度、树脂用量和吸附时间对吸附容量的影响,并由X射线光电子能谱验证了铜离子在树脂上的吸附。     

丙烯酸与海藻酸钠共聚制备耐盐性高吸水树脂

丙烯酸与海藻酸钠共聚制备耐盐性高吸水树脂     

玉米淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚合成高吸水树脂

高吸水性树指是七十年代迅速发展起来的一种新型功能高分子材料,由于它吸水速度快且能吸收自身重量数百倍乃至上千倍的水,吸水膨胀后生成的凝胶在加压条件下不易将水析出,而在周围环境缺水的条件下,又可将水缓慢释放出来,因此在农业、园林、医药卫生、沙漠治理、通信电缆等领域具有广泛的用途。近年来,随着高吸水树脂应用范围的不断拓展,其需求量迅速增加,平均年增长率高达30—40％。高吸水树脂根据合成原料的不同,主要分为合成树脂类、纤维素类和淀粉类,合成树脂类生产工艺简单,具有优良的吸水保水能力,但难于降解;纤维素类虽然可降解,但吸水率较低;淀粉类由于原料来源广泛,价格低廉,在自然界中可生物降解,对环境友好,成为吸水树脂领域的研究重点。我国在进行高吸水树脂的研究方面起步较晚,     

以锆盐为交联剂的耐盐型聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂的合成

以锆盐为交联剂的耐盐型聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂的合成刘德荣，颜杰，刘习奎，刘兴勇（四川轻化工学院化学工程系自贡６４３０３３）关键词聚乙烯醇锆盐络合树脂，耐盐型聚乙烯醇吸水树脂，磷酸化聚乙烯醇本研究采用两种方法在聚乙烯醇中引人磷酸根．（ｌ）聚乙烯醇和磷酸反应...     

氧化铝交联的耐盐性高吸水树脂的合成及性能

聚丙烯酸钠;氧化铝交联的耐盐性高吸水树脂的合成及性能     

Kinetics of photocrosslinking reactions of a DCPA/EA matrix in the presence of thiols and acrylates

The crosslinking efficiency and kinetics of a solid acrylic copolymer DCPA/EA (dicyclopentenyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate) matrix were investigated in the presence of pentaerythritol tetrakis (2-mercaptoacetate) (PETMP) or pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylates used as multifunctional crosslinking agents. The reaction of thiol and acrylate addition was sensitized by benzophenone (BP). The crosslinking efficiency of the DCPA/EA—BP—PETMP copolymer system, illuminated at high wavelengths (λ > 310 nm), was compared with that of the DCPA/EA matrix alone and the 2-component system copolymer DCPA/EA–BP. The concentrations of photosensitizer and crosslinking agent were varied from 1 to 10 mass %. The kinetics of tetrafunctional thiol addition and cyclopentene (pendant group of the DCPA/EA matrix) disappearance was followed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and by determining the gel content. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 2333–2345, 1997     

新型芳基丙烯酸酯的合成及生物活性

依据活性亚结构的拼接原理,以Baylis-Hillman加成物为原料,设计并合成了5种新的芳基丙烯酸酯类化合物,经IR、1HNMR和元素分析测试技术确证;温室条件下测试了目标化合物的生物活性。结果发现,这些化合物在600ga.i./hm2的剂量下对供试靶标无杀虫活性;在400ga.i./hm2的剂量下对供试靶标无杀菌活性;在2000ga.i./hm2的剂量下,对阔叶杂草百日草(YOA)、苘麻(VEL)和禾本科杂草稗草(BYG)、马唐(CRG)均具有一定的除草活性。这些化合物结构全新,分子中具有多个可供修饰的基团,可作为除草活性的新型先导化合物提供进一步的优化。     

丙烯酸三苯基锡酯及其聚合物的合成和表征

合成了丙烯酸三苯基锡酯及其聚合物，通过ＩＲ、￣１ＨＮＭＲ、￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ对其结构进行了表征，推断单体中的锡原子与羰基氧原子间存在分子间的配键，锡原子的配位数是５，而聚合物没有形成锡氧配键。     

丙烯酸2,2,3,3-四氟丙酯的合成

含氟丙烯酸树脂的性能明显优于普通丙烯酸类树脂,其表面能、折光率、摩擦系数均低,耐候、不粘、疏水、疏油、防尘、化学性质稳定,已用作纤维处理剂、皮革助剂、光纤涂覆剂、光纤材料、耐候涂料、齿科材料等。合成含氟丙烯酸树脂的单体,目前国内依赖进口,合成步骤多、反应周期长,使用的有机酸原料几乎都为甲基丙烯酸。本文使用丙烯酸和四氟丙醇(简称为N1醇)为原料,合成丙烯酸2,2,3,3-四氟丙酯(TFPA),考察了阻聚剂类型、原料配比、硫酸的添加量、反应时间等对产物收率的影响。     

丙烯酸酯的合成及表征

设计并合成了三种以二苯甲酮为母体取代的单、双官能团丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯，其结构经元素分析、IR和^1H NMR表征。     

Modification of porous suspension‐PVC particles by stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion polymerization of absorbed acrylate monomers

The present study describes modification of porous PVC particles by polymerization of a monomer/crosslinker/peroxide solution absorbed within the PVC particles. The modifying crosslinked polymers include butyl acrylate (BA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) crosslinked with EGDMA. The monomer solution is blended with the PVC particles by dry‐blending. The monomer absorbed particles are then polymerized in a stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion‐polymerization. The modified semi‐IPN PVC particles have better stability than the neat PVC particles in packed columns for absorption of halo‐organics from water, etc. The modified semi‐IPN PVC particles are melt processable and thus have the potential of being interesting and useful modified rigid PVC materials. The modified PVC particles characterization includes polymerization yield, non‐extractables and porosity measurements and also morphology and dynamic mechanical behavior (DMTA). PBA and PEHA polymerization has shown high yield levels. The high conversion of BA and EHA within the particle, is partly due to their low solubility in water. The levels of non‐extractable fractions found are indicative of low chemical interaction between the polyacrylate/PVC phases in the particle. The modified PVC particle's porosity levels indicate that BA and EHA partly polymerize within the PVC particles' bulk and partly in the pores as crusts covering the PVC pore surfaces. This finding is supported by SEM observations of unetched and etched freeze fractured surfaces. Higher crosslinking levels of the polyacrylate modification promote compatibility with the PVC particles' bulk. DMTA measurements show two loss modulus peaks for the 0.5%EGDMA blends in the glass transition temperature region, suggesting imcompatibility. However, at 5%EGDMA a single transition is found exhibiting enhanced compatibility owing to the high degree of crosslinking, which prevents phase separation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

醇溶性聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为主单体,采用过硫酸盐作引发剂,经预乳化乳液聚合工艺合成了聚丙烯酸酯乳液.讨论了乳化剂种类、单体种类以及功能性单体、引发剂加入工艺对乳液聚合过程及乳液产品性能的影响.结果表明:单体组成为m(MMA)∶m(EA)∶m(MAA)=45∶40∶15所得乳液聚合物能满足使用性能要求;种子引发剂加入质量控制在单体总质量的0.3%,而总的引发剂用量占单体总质量的0.8%较适宜.用差热分析仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪对乳液聚合物进行了表征.     

酯交换法合成丙烯酸氯乙醇酯

丙烯酸卤代烷酯是重要的精细化工原料和中间体,一般的合成方法是直接酯化法。已有文献报道采用酯交换工艺以丙烯酸甲酯为原料制备丙烯酸高碳烷酯和丙烯酸二甲氨基烷酯[1-4]。Nolan等人曾报道了氮杂环卡宾作为催化剂通过酯交换反应合成甲基丙烯酸卤代烷酯[5,6],但是其催化剂制备     

Straightforward synthesis of poly(lauryl acrylate)-b-poly(stearyl acrylate) diblock copolymers by ATRP

Lauryl (LA) and stearyl (SA) acrylates were successfully polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), leading to well defined homopolymers and diblock copolymers (PDI < 1.2). Interestingly, the polymerization was very well controlled using N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), a ligand which had initially been reported to be unadvisable for the polymerization of such monomers. Both kinetic studies and chain extension reactions supported our conclusions. A PLA₆₅-b-PSA₄₇ diblock copolymer was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis, revealing that both blocks exhibit side-chain crystallinity and phase segregate in the crystalline state. The diblock behaves as a brittle rigid polymer when both blocks are crystalline, as a ductile material after the melting of the PLA phase and becomes a viscous liquid when both blocks are molten. This work could be extended to the preparation of PSA-b-PLA-b-PSA bio-issued thermoplastic elastomers.     

Reactivity Ratios of Butyl Acrylates in Radical Copolymerization with Methacrylates

The reactivity ratios of four butyl acrylates versus methyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate were determined for their radical copolymerization in 2-butanone solution using the Jaacks method. The reactivity ratios values obtained were positively verified by substituting into the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation, yielding correct copolymer composition for a series of samples obtained from different initial mole fractions of the comonomers.