上市公司自愿性披露与证券信用关系的实证研究

目前，证券市场对上市公司自愿性披露和信用建设日益重视，因此，对我国上市公司自愿性披露的状况及与公司证券信用的关系的研究，十分具有现实意义。本文抽取沪市60家上市公司作为研究对象，选取20个自愿信息披露评价指标，利用其2004年年报，计算出上市公司自愿性披露指数，并对上市公司自愿披露程度与公司证券信用之间关系进行实证分析。实证结果对证券信用评级参考指标有些启示。     

高新技术上市公司财务特征的实证分析

运用SPSS软件对高新技术企业与非高新技术企业进行财务指标的实证比较研究，得出高新技术上市公司区别于非高新技术上市公司的财务特征，以加强高新技术上市公司的财务冶理。     

中国上市公司资本结构特征分析

本文从中国上市公司平均资产负债表、融资趋势、外部融资来源比较和融资行为等方面对上市公司资本结构特征进行分析。发现中国上市公司资本结构中负债比重偏低，流动负债比重偏高。长期负债比重偏低；中国上市公司过分依赖外部融资，在外部融资中以权益融资为主，存在强烈的股权融资偏好。     

“酒”的活力

2010年的上市公司活力评价即将拉开帷幕，可以预见，在新一期的活力考查中，品牌酒类上市公司将走在稳定增长的路上，而“提价”则是酒类上市公司未来几年的重要活力来源。这既是优质酒类上市公司资本高收益的内在特征，也是引来外部资本追逐的重要原因。     

基于主成分分析的投资决策

本文首先运用多元统计分析中的主成分分析法对上市公司投资价值的多项指标进行了综合聚集，其次在理想点的基础上建立了综合优化决策模型，并对通讯行业上市公司进行了投资分析，从而为管理者和决策者提供了一种科学而合理的决策依据和决策方法。     

上市公司经营业绩的多因素层次模糊评价

本在全面分析上市公司财务报告的基础上，引用模糊数学中的评价方法提出了评价上市公司经营业绩的指标体系，并应用隶属矩阵及其相关概念建立了多因素层次模糊评价模型，进而给出了评价的一般方法，能更客观地评价上市公司的经营业绩。     

中国上市公司资本结构行业差异的实证研究--统计检验、成因分析及合理性研究

本以国内部分上市公司为样本，利用多种统计分析方法从行业差异角度对其资本结构进行实证研究，目的是检验国内上市公司资本结构行业差异的显性，并分析其成因及行业资本结构选择的合理性。研究结果表明：我国不同行业上市公司资本结构存在显差异，且公用事业与其他行业的差异最为突出；行业的竞争程度及风险性、资产结构、资产运营能力及行业的成长性会在较大程度上导致行业差异的存在；我国上市公司普遍存在行业收益风险和资本结构不相匹配的现象。同时提出了有关政策建议。     

“关系”的价值

与2007年股份鸡犬升天完全不同，2008年我国上市公司普遍承受着巨大的压力，上市公司才真正意识到投资者关系管理的价值与意义。     

公司活力三道坎

企业经营是长跑，若以一时一事看上市公司活力评价，有时难免失之偏颇。因此，考查较长时段上市公司活力的演变，分析其中的原因，不仅能够更深入地掌握公司活力的内在规律，亦可以进一步预知未来发展。新理财活力评价专家组研究发现，上市公司活力的提升至少需要迈过三道坎：一是公司治理，二是行业环境，三是资源获取。     

刘国芳：市值管理需要创造性

各位CFO朋友：你们好! 市值管理在中国仍是一个新事物，创造性的市值管理行为还是显得较为罕见。作为上市公司市值管理重要决策人与执行人之一的CFO，如何立足公司自身情况，根据经济、行业和市场环境变化。采取灵活和创造性市值管理措施，无疑对提升上市公司竞争力，实现股东价值最大化，具有重要意义。     

基于模糊FNN-ELECTRE法的国有商业银行竞争力评价

随着金融业全方位开放,国有商业银行已成为国家经济命脉的核心,其竞争力强弱关系着国家经济的繁荣与衰退。本文基于模糊FNN-ELECTRE方法建立国有商业银行竞争力评价模型,以因素神经网络理论(FNN)与ELECTRE融合方法为基础,以现有商业银行竞争力评价指标为着眼,把国有商业银行竞争力的评价体系从现实竞争力和潜在竞争力两个因素抽取为一级指标,以规模、质量、业务结构、效率、成长性五个因素设为二级指标。从实证的角度对银行A、银行B、银行C、银行D、银行E五大国有银行进行分析验证,对其属性值进行和谐性与非和谐性检验得出,银行B竞争能力最强,银行E竞争能力最弱,五大国有银行均有改进空间。     

Personae at play. ‘Men of Mathematics’ in commentary

Mathematical writers, above all, Euclid, tend to present their theorems as decontextualized, abstract propositions, which has become the standard modus of textual presentation in theoretical mathematics. Mathematical commentators, however, provide their readers with personal names and historical facts in order to elucidate problems, provide contexts of discovery, or construct doxographies, among other things. Modern readers have used such information for the construction of histories of science. When we look at these passages, however, we see that personal names and information about mathematicians of the past can serve quite a range of different objectives, such as the strategic self-positioning of the commentator vis-à-vis the past or present of mathematics, the education of the reader, mathematical or moral, the construction of the history of the field, etc. Not only does the commentator present a persona of himself to the reader, he can also turn colleagues and predecessors into personae. This paper attempts to elucidate the practice, by offering four examples of such plays of and with personae, in Pappus, Eutocius, al-Nayrīzī, and Proclus.     

Formulation of linear problems and solution by a universal machine

Using the predicate language for ordered fields a class of problems referred to aslinear problems is defined. This class contains, for example, all systems of linear equations and inequalities, all linear programming problems, all integer programming problems with bounded variables, all linear complementarity problems, the testing of whether sets that are defined by linear inequalities are semilattices, all satisfiability problems in sentenial logic, the rank-computation of matrices, the computation of row-reduced echelon forms of matrices, and all quadratic programming problems with bounded variables. A single, one, algorithm, to which we refer as theUniversal Linear Machine, is described. It solves any instance of any linear problem. The Universal Linear Machine runs in two phases. Given a linear problem, in the first phase a Compiler running on a Turing Machine generates alinear algorithm for the problem. Then, given an instance of the linear problem, in the second phase the linear algorithm solves the particular instance of the linear problem. The linear algorithm is finite, deterministic, loopless and executes only the five ordered field operations — additions, multiplications, subtractions, divisions and comparisons. Conversely, we show that for each linear algorithm there is a linear problem which the linear algorithm solves uniquely. Finally, it is shown that with a linear algorithm for a linear problem, one can solve certain parametric instances of the linear problem.Research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS 92-07409, by the Department of Energy Grant DE-FG03-87-ER-25028, by the United States—Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant 90-00434 and by ONR Grant N00014-92-J1142.Corresponding author.     

Wave parameter identification problem for ocean test structure data,part 2, discrete formulation

This paper deals with the solution of the wave parameter identification problem for ocean test structure data. A discrete formulation is assumed. An ocean test structure is considered, and wave elevation and velocities are assumed to be measured with a number of sensors. Within the frame of linear wave theory, a Fourier series model is chosen for the wave elevation and velocities. Then, the following problem is posed: Find the amplitudes of the various wave components of specified frequency and direction, so that the assumed model of wave elevation and velocities provides the best fit to the measured data. Here, the term best fit is employed in the least-square sense over a given time interval.At each time instant, the wave representation involves four indexes (frequency, direction, instrument, time); hence, four-dimensional arrays are required. This formal difficulty can be avoided by switching to an alternative representation involving only two indexes (frequency-direction, instrument-time); hence, standard vector-matrix notation can be used. Within this frame, optimality conditions are derived for the amplitudes of the assumed wave model.A characteristic of the wave parameter identification problem is that the condition number of the system matrix can be large. Therefore, the numerical solution is not an easy task and special procedures must be employed. Specifically, Gaussian elimination is avoided and advantageous use is made of the Householder transformation, in the light of the least-square nature of the problem and the discretized approach to the problem.Numerical results are presented. The effect of various system parameters (number of frequencies, number of directions, sampling time, number of sensors, and location of sensors) is investigated in connection with global or strong accuracy, local or weak accuracy, integral accuracy, and condition number of the system matrix.From the numerical experiments, it appears that the wave parameter identification problem has a unique solution if the number of directions is smaller than or equal to the number of sensors; it has an infinite number of solutions otherwise. In the case where a unique solution exists, the condition number of the system matrix increases as the size of the system increases, and this has a detrimental effect on the accuracy. However, the accuracy can be improved by proper selection of the sampling time and by proper choice of the number and location of the sensors.Generally speaking, the computations done for the discrete case exhibit better accuracy than the computations done for the continuous case (Ref. 5). This improved accuracy is a direct consequence of having used advantageously the Householder transformation and is obtained at the expense of increased memory requirements and increased CPU time.This work was supported by Exxon Production Research Company, Houston, Texas. This paper is based partly on Refs. 1–4.     

提高维吾尔文搜索质量的一些关键技术研究

维吾尔语和土耳其语、乌兹别克语、哈萨克语等同属于阿尔泰语系突厥语分支,是一种粘着型语言,具有丰富的构词合构形附加成分.主要分布于中国新疆维吾尔自治区,以及中西亚地区的维吾尔族使用.目前使用基于阿拉伯文字母的维吾尔文.当前用google,bing等搜索引擎搜索维吾尔文时搜索结果不包括该词语的构词合构形附加成分等其它形式.严重影响了搜索结果的准确性.通过词干提取和词缀附加生成词语组合的方法以解决提高维吾尔文搜索质量的问题.此问题解决,将在大幅度提高维吾尔文搜索的准确性,并针对提高其它突厥语族语言(土耳其语、乌兹别克语、哈萨克语等)的搜索质量、数据挖掘、数据分析、数据安全、自然语言理解等研究领域有一定的参考价值.     

公众参与视角下的央地环境规制博弈分析

本文首先构建环境规制中中央政府和地方政府的两方演化博弈模型,并在此基础上将公众作为第三方参与主体,构建中央政府、地方政府和公众三方演化博弈模型,详细比较两方和三方博弈模型的区别,探究各个主体策略行为的影响因素。研究发现:(1)未有公众参与下,地方政府策略选择主要受地方政府积极执行成本、环境收益、经济损失,消极执行的环境政绩损失,中央政府监管力度、治理补贴和对地方政府的处罚等因素影响;中央政府的监管策略主要受到严格监管的成本以及对地方政府的治理补贴和处罚等因素影响。引入公众参与后,在央地两方博弈的基础上,地方政府环境规制执行策略的影响因素还增加了地方政府被举报后所受到的追加处罚,中央政府监管策略的影响因素还增加了中央政府监管力度、对地方政府的追加处罚以及中央政府的公信力损失。(2)未有公众参与下,中央政府严格监管的概率随地方政府积极执行概率的增大而减小。引入公众参与后,中央政府严格监管率随地方政府积极执行概率的增大而增大。说明在公众参与下,地方政府积极执行环境规制对中央政府严格监管产生的抑制作用转变成了促进作用。(3)地方政府积极执行的概率、中央政府严格监管的概率都随公众举报概率的增大而增大。说明公众参与不仅对地方政府承担环保责任具有促进作用,而且有利于促使中央政府落实环境治理政策。     

Utilization and maintenance in a model with scrapping

We consider a productive asset, called equipment or capital good, and we examine the properties of, as well as the interactions between, the operating policies, which are determined by its optimal utilization and maintenance, and the capital policy of scrapping, which defines the optimal time when the productive asset is retired from its current use. Starting with an abstract model and using the approach of optimal control, initially we characterize the various types of equipment by assigning to them a single total profit index, which indicates how the above policies affect the flow of operating revenues plus capital gains or losses. This index is a function of market-determined prices. So using it we then investigate how the operating and capital policies are influenced by the rate of discount, the price of new equipment, and the rise or fall of the price of new equipment relative to the value of its output. Among other interesting results, we find that the effects of these prices on the nature and interactions of optimal policies depend crucially on whether the equipment is of the usual profit making type, where output is the main source of revenue, or of the antique type, where the main source of revenue is capital gains.     

考虑成本、等待时间和安全水平的分类安检模式研究

近年来,随着民航机场旅客吞吐量快速增加,机场安检部门的工作压力正不断加大,旅客等待时间也正在逐渐增加。针对该问题,引入了分类安检模式。然而,分类安检模式通常需要额外的投资成本,可能会产生较大的财务负担。因此,以成本为目标,综合考虑旅客等待时间和安全水平的要求,研究了分类安检模式和传统安检模式的比较以及最优决策性质等相关问题。首先,考虑安全水平和旅客等待时间的约束,分别为传统安检模式和分类安检模式建立了模型,并分析了其最优运营决策性质。其次,从成本的角度,对两种安检模式做了比较研究。研究结果表明,当旅客数量多、安检犯错容忍度较高或旅客等待敏感时,分类安检模式比传统安检模式表现更优;反之,传统安检模式更优。此外,在分类安检模式中,分配到高风险安检通道的旅客比例存在一个最优值,并且其通常在20%到30%之间取到。最后,通过数值分析验证了分类安检模式的最优服务配置。     

The generalized hierarchical product of graphs

A generalization of both the hierarchical product and the Cartesian product of graphs is introduced and some of its properties are studied. We call it the generalized hierarchical product. In fact, the obtained graphs turn out to be subgraphs of the Cartesian product of the corresponding factors. Thus, some well-known properties of this product, such as a good connectivity, reduced mean distance, radius and diameter, simple routing algorithms and some optimal communication protocols, are inherited by the generalized hierarchical product. Besides some of these properties, in this paper we study the spectrum, the existence of Hamiltonian cycles, the chromatic number and index, and the connectivity of the generalized hierarchical product.     

树脂基复合材料粘接的优化设计

本文在试验数据和理论分析的基础上,提出树脂基复合材料单搭接的优化设计的原则,胶粘剂的选择、被粘物的设计,粘接长度的选择、胶层厚度的选择等.认为通过优化设计可以提高粘接强度,减轻产品的重量,提高其质量.