重离子碰撞中能量储藏同入射道动力学的关系

用仅密度相关的BUU模型讨论了在重离子碰撞中能量储藏与入射道动力学(入射能、碰撞参数、碰撞系统)的依赖关系,以及碰撞系统的极不对称性对激发能的影响.     

相对论重离子碰撞中的横能和零度能的分布

基于参加者-旁观者图象,本文应用多源模型,计算了相对论重离子碰撞中的零度能分布和入射碎裂区的横能分布,以及零度能与横能的联合几率分布.对于60A GeV和200A GeV入射核¹⁶O与不同靶核的碰撞,计算结果与西欧中心WA80组的新实验数据符合很好.     

对"入射粒子能量为阈能时的核反应是完全非弹性碰撞"的更一般性证明

给出“入射粒子能量为阈能时的核反应是完全非弹性碰撞”这一结论的更一般性证明.     

费米能区重离子碰撞动力学(I)动力学的能量关系

本文基于包括了平均场效应,两体碰撞和泡利阻塞效应的Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck理论,系统研究了²⁰Ne+²⁰Ne碰撞系统在轰击能量为5—150MeV/u能区内中心碰撞时,反应机制从全融合、非全融合向碎裂变迁的过程,讨论了平均场、两体碰撞和泡利阻塞效应随轰击能量的变化及它们对反应机制的影响.     

重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应

利用含有3种对称势形式的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学,研究了中能重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应和随入射道条件的系统演化过程.计算结果表明,原子核阻止灵敏地依赖束流能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量和核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性,而3种对称势和碰撞系统的中质比对它的影响不很明显,但在大约费米能量以下能区,原子核阻止同时依赖于介质中核子–核子碰撞截面和对称势.故认为在费米能量以上能区直至150MeV/u,原子核阻止是提取介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的一个新的物理观测量.     

高能p-A碰撞的碰撞几何、能量损失和横能分布

采用一种仔细考虑了作用截面、表面弥散和形变效应的核碰撞几何,同时考虑到在每一次碰撞中领头质子损失能量,得到了高能ｐ－Ａｌ碰撞的横能分布,计算结果与２００ＧｅＶ／ｃｐ－Ａｌ、Ｃｕ及Ｕ碰撞的实验数据符合.In this paper, the nuclear collision geometry which was considered carefully in the interaction cross sections, surface effects and nuclear deformations is adopted. The energy loss of leading proton in each collision is considered. The transverse energy distributions in high energy p A collisions are obtained. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiment data of 200 GeV/ c p Al, Cu and U collisions.     

Li+低能(e,2e)反应角分布

利用修正的BBK理论，考虑入射道的库仑相互作用及出射电子的交换对称性，在共面-等能分享-垂直角度碰撞几何中，分别计算了能量为79.6，105.6，227.6和375.6eV的入射电子碰撞Li⁺(1s²)(e，2ｅ)反应三重微分截面(TDCS).结果表明：在接近阈能的碰撞中，两出射电子连线平行于入射电子方向时，TDCS最大；两出射电子连线垂直于入射电子方向时，TDCS最小；入射电子能量达5倍的电离阈能时，主要为单次双体碰撞，而且入射道库仑场对决定低能碰撞的TDCS起着重要作用. 关键词：     

高能hA碰撞的灰粒子与核内hN碰撞次数的关联

考虑到核内核子的级联碰撞,我们提出了一个描述灰粒子数分布的模型,模型较好地符合实验,说明灰粒子数能更恰当地反映入射强子在核内的碰撞次数.     

费米能区重离子碰撞动力学(Ⅱ)动力学与碰撞参数的关系

借助于Boltzmann-Uehling-uhlenbeck理论,对 ²⁰Ne+²⁰Ne碰撞系统,在不同碰撞参数下,系统地研究了费米能区的碰撞机制.结果表明:深部非弹性碰撞已由非完全深部非弹性碰撞所取代;随着轰击能量升高,非完全深部非弹性碰撞分量变小,50MeV/u时已有碎裂发生,150MeV/u时已是典型的碎裂过程.同时对中间质量碎片发射的起因做了讨论.     

基于双粒子方位角关联方法研究费米能区重离子碰撞中横向流的入射能量依赖关系

基于双粒子方位角关联(2pAC)方法开展了费米能区⁶⁴Zn轰击⁵⁸Ni靶的重离子碰撞中横向流入射能量依赖的实验研究。利用考虑了单个事件中参考粒子对剩余体系反冲修正的改进的2pAC方法和已有的2pAC方法分别抽取了26,35和47MeV/u能量下⁶⁴Zn+⁵⁸Ni半中心碰撞的相对横向流强度,发现横向流的强度随入射能量增加而减弱的趋势与抽取横向流过程中是否考虑反冲修正无关,但考虑反冲修正时得到的横向流相对强度对比未考虑反冲修正时显著减小。通过线性拟合得到的相对横向流强度-入射能量关系,进一步获得了⁶⁴Zn+⁵⁸Ni半中心碰撞的平衡能分别为(110.1±5.8) MeV/u(改进的2pAC方法)和(128.0±5.6) MeV/u(已有的2pAC方法)。对比以往基于常规反应平面重建方法抽取得到的结果发现,基于改进的2pAC方法得到的结果与以往基于常规方法测得的平衡能-碰撞参数关系符合很好;相反,基于已有2pAC方法得到的结果被显著高估。对比结果证明了在利用2pA...     

同步三通道激光告警光学系统有效孔径的确定及截获能量的估算

为了确定一种同步三通道激光告警光学系统的有效孔径并估算截获能量,建立了激光辐照远场传输模型,仿真研究了远场光斑半径、单通道入瞳半径和通道间相对能量差之间的数值关系.仿真结果表明:各通道之间最大相对能量差与远场光斑中心能量密度的大小无关,在激光远场光斑边沿处各通道之间的相对能量差最大;最大相对能量差限定时,远场光斑半径越大,允许的单通道入瞳半径也越大,但相应系统截获的脉冲能量或脉冲功率却相对减小;最大能量差限定为1%,远场光斑半径分别为2.5 m,4.0 m和7.5 m时,允许的最大单通道入瞳半径分别为3 mm, 5 mm和10 mm,相应系统截获的最大脉冲能量为1.14×10-5 J,7.54×10-6 J和2.68×10-6 J,最大脉冲功率为1.63 W, 1.08 W和0.38 W.     

Isospin effects of projectile fragmentation in a Boltzmann-Langevin approach

The iso spin effects of projectile fragmentation at intermediate energies are investigated using an iso spindependent Boltzmann-Langevin model.The collisions of mass-symmetric reactions including ~(58)Fe,~(58)Ni+~(58)Fe,and~(58)Ni at intermediate energies,in the 30 to 100 MeV/A range,are studied for different symmetry energies.Yield ratios of the isotopic,isobaric,and isotonic pairs of fragments from the intermediate-mass region using three symmetry energies are extracted as functions of the N/Z ratio of the composite systems in the entrance channel and the incident energies.It is found that the yield ratios are sensitive to symmetry energies,especially for neutron-rich systems,and the calculations using soft symmetry energy are closer to the experimental data.The iso spin effect is stronger for the soft symmetry energy,owing to the competition of the repulsive Coulomb force and the symmetry energy attractive force on the proton.For the first time,the splits are presented,revealing a transition from the iso spin equilibrium at lower energies to translucency at intermediate energies.The results show a degree of transparency in that intermediate mass fragments undergo a transition from dependence on the composite systems in the entrance channel to reliance on the projectile and target nuclei.     

Possible evidence for the entrance channel effect in reactions leading to 170W*

The decay of ¹⁷⁰W^* formed in reactions with two different projectile - target combinations was studied. The observed differences in the average number of emitted neutrons suggest an entrance channel effect at the highest excitation energy and angular momentum. It may be explained by different excitation energies of the equilibrated system, resulting from the emission of pre-equilibrium α-particles during a longer fusion time, in the more symmetric reaction. Received: 30 October 1997     

Dynamical model for neck formation in the entrance channel of a heavy ion collision

The formation of the neck in the entrance channel is studied using a classical dynamical model. The dependence of neck radius on bombarding energy, mass or charge and angular momentum is discussed.     

The expansion of the fireball formed by a high-energy heavy-ion collision

Employing the Wigner density formalism we present a model for the expansion of a fireball created in a relativistic heavy-ion collision. In a simplified model we first study how many collisions a nucleon suffers during the expansion of the fireball. Knowing this we can determine the Wigner densities of the nucleons in the entrance channel of the elementary deuteron production. It turns out that, even if the nucleons in the entrance channel have a thermal distribution, the particles in the exit channel do not. Comparison with experiments shows that the energy distributions of pions, protons and deuterons can be described by the same temperature. The number of deuterons allows the determination of the average density at the beginning of the expansion. Finally, we compare these results with those of other models, especially of a chemical rate equation.     

Fissionlike exit channel in the 5.8 MeV/u84Kr on24Mg reaction

Fissionlike (FL) phenomena for systems around mass 100 have been shown previously interpretable in terms of dynamical fission. This appears to be dependent on the entrance channel mass asymmetry. We have studied the fissionlike exit channel in the⁸⁴Kr+²⁴Mg reaction atE(Kr)=5.8 MeV/u. This energy is just above the threshold of fission, so that a clear separation between the Deep Inelastic Component (DIG) and the FL one can be achieved. The bombarding energy corresponds to the same excitation energy in the composite system¹⁰⁸Cd (E ^*=101 MeV) as in the³²S (158 MeV) on⁷⁶Ge reaction we studied earlier and for which fusion-evaporation along with fission-like contributions were measured. The width of the FL distribution confirms the previously observed dependence with the mass asymmetry in the entrance channel which is consistent with the extra push model.     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏的影响随入射道条件的演化

由量子分子动力学通常应用的动量相关作用公式出发，引入同位旋自由度后得到了在量子分子动力学中可用于数值计算的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用.并用这个公式较系统地研究了在它的作用下，同位旋分馏比的入射道效应和它们的动力学机理.结果表明所有入射道能量、碰撞参数以及所有的丰中子碰撞系统中子-质子比和质量条件下动量相关作用的同位旋依赖性对同位旋分馏过程产生了重要的同位旋效应，然而它没有明显改变同位旋分馏比对于对称势灵敏的依赖性，即在考虑动量相关作用的同位旋自由度后同位旋分馏比仍是提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程的灵敏探针. 关键词： 同位旋分馏比 动量相关作用 重离子碰撞     

α-Spectroscopic factor of Ogs from the C(O,C)O reaction

Elastic scattering angular distributions of ¹⁶O + ¹²C in the center of mass energy range from 8.55 MeV to 56.57 MeV have been analyzed considering the effect of the exchange of an alpha particle between projectile and target leading to the same nuclei of the entrance channel (elastic-transfer). An alpha particle spectroscopic factor for the ground state of the ¹⁶O was determined.     

Prompt dipole γ-ray emission in fusionlike heavy-ion reactions

The ³²S + ¹⁰⁰Mo and ³⁶S + ⁹⁶Mo fusionlike reactions were studied at incident energy of E _lab = 298 MeV and 320 MeV, respectively, with the aim of probing the influence of the entrance channel charge asymmetry on the dipole γ-ray emission. The excitation energy and spin distribution of the compound nucleus created in these reactions were identical, the only difference being associated with the unequal charge asymmetry of the two entrance channels. High-energy γ-rays were detected in an array of 9 seven-pack BaF₂ clusters. Coincidence with fusionlike residues detected in four PPAC ensured the selection of central reaction events. By studying the differential γ-ray multiplicity associated with the two reactions it was shown that the dipole strength excited in the compound nucleus increases with the entrance channel charge asymmetry. From the linearized spectra, the increase of the GDR γ-ray intensity was found to be ∼ 25% for the more charge asymmetric system. The results are discussed and compared with those of previous data obtained at different incident energies. Received: 21 October 2002 / Accepted: 23 December 2002 / Published online: 1 April 2003     

Dynamic potential barrier in the entrance phase of heavy-ion fusion reactions

Based on the improved quantum molecular-dynamics (ImQMD) model, the incident energy dependence of dynamic potential barriers is investigated in the entrance channel of fusion reactions. The height of the dynamic barrier increases with the incident energy at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The calculated lowest dynamic barrier approaches to the adiabatic barrier, while the highest one goes up to the sudden potential barrier. To understand the energy dependence of the dynamical barrier we study the neck formation and shape evolution of the system which causes the dynamic lowering of the barrier.