Breaking the Mirror: pH‐Controlled Chirality Generation from a meso Ligand to a Racemic Ligand

To study the conversion from a meso form to a racemic form of tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (H₄L), seven novel coordination polymers were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Zn(NO₃)₂ ? 6 H₂O with (2S,3S,4R,5R)‐H₄L in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy), or 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bpy): [Zn₂{(2S,3S,4R,5R)‐L}(phen)₂(H₂O)] ? 2 H₂O ( 1 ), [Zn₄{(2S,3R,4R,5R)‐L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)‐L}(phen)₂(H₂O)₂] ( 2 ), [Zn₂{(2S,3S,4R,5R)‐L}(H₂O)₂] ? H₂O ( 3 ), [Zn₄{(2S,3R,4R,5R)‐L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)‐L} (2,2′‐bpy)₂(H₂O)₂] ? 2 H₂O ( 4 ), [Zn₂ {(2S,3S,4R,5R)‐L}(2,2′‐bpy)(H₂O)] ( 5 ), [Zn₄{(2S,3R,4R,5R)‐L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)‐L} (4,4′‐bpy)₂(H₂O)₂] ( 6 ), and [Zn₂ {(2S,3S,4R,5R)‐L}(4,4′‐bpy)(H₂O)] ? 2 H₂O ( 7 ). These complexes were obtained by control of the pH values of reaction mixtures, with an initial of pH 2.0 for 1 , 2.5 for 2 , 4 , and 6 , and 4.5 for 3 , 5 , and 7 , respectively. The expected configuration conversion has been successfully realized during the formation of 2 , 4 , and 6 , and the enantiomers of L, (2S,3R,4R,5R)‐L and (2S,3S,4S,5R)‐L, are trapped in them, whereas L ligands in the other four complexes retain the original meso form, which indicates that such a conversion is possibly pH controlled. Acid‐catalyzed enol–keto tautomerism has been introduced to explain the mechanism of this conversion. Complex 1 features a simple 1D metal–L chain that is extended into a 3D supramolecular structure by π–π packing interactions between phen ligands and hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 has 2D racemic layers that consist of centrosymmetric bimetallic units, and a final 3D supramolecular framework is formed by the interlinking of these layers through π–π packing interactions of phen. Complex 3 is a 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) involving meso‐L ligands, which can be regarded as (4,6)‐connected nets with vertex symbol (4⁵.6)(4⁷.6⁸). Complexes 4 and 5 contain 2D racemic layers and (6,3)‐honeycomb layers, respectively, both of which are combined into 3D supramolecular structures through π–π packing interactions of 2,2′‐bpy. The structure of complex 6 is a 2D network formed by 4,4′‐bpy bridging 1D tubes, which consist of metal atoms and enantiomers of L. These layers are connected through hydrogen bonds to give the final 3D porous supramolecular framework of 6 . Complex 7 is a 3D MOF with novel (3,4,5)‐connected (6³)(4².6⁴)(4².6⁶.8²) topology. The thermal stability of these compounds was also investigated.     

Energy-Minimized Structures and Calculated and Experimental Isomer Distributions in the Hexaaminecobalt(III) system [Co(trap)2]3+ (trap = 1,2,3-propanetriamine)

The two isomers of [Co(trap)₂]³⁺ (meso-[Co(trap)₂]³⁺ and rac-[Co(trap)₂]³⁺; trap = 1,2,3-propanetriamine) have been studied by strain-energy minimization. The two isomers have been separated preparatively by fractional crystallization, and fully characterized by ¹³C-NMR and electronic spectroscopy, and microanalyses. The calculated isomer distribution (rac/meso = 60%: 40%) is in good agreement with HPLC analysis of thermodynamic equilibrium mixtures at 298 K and 353 K (rac/meso = 55% : 45%). These results are discussed in relation to the approach of calculating isomer distributions of hexaaminecobalt(III) systems by strain-energy minimization neglecting the differences in environmental effects.     

A Local D4h Symmetric Dysprosium(III) Single-Molecule Magnet with an Energy Barrier Exceeding 2000 K**

Three six-coordinate Dy^III single-molecule magnets (SMMs) [Dy(O^tBu)₂(L)₄]⁺ with local D_4h symmetry are obtained by optimizing the equatorial ligands. One of the compounds with L=4-phenylpyridine shows an energy barrier (U_eff) of 2075(11) K, which is the third largest U_eff, and the first U_eff>2000 K for SMMs with axial-type symmetry so far. Ab initio analysis indicates that the exceptional uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is deeply related to the axially compressed octahedral geometry. This work provides a new insight into the local D_4h symmetry for high-performance SMMs.     

Isomerism and symmetry of stacked polymeric phthalocyaninnes and related polymers

The number of isomers i_r,t for stacked polymeric phthalocyanines in which each phthalocyanine ring is tetrasubstituted or octasubstituted with two different substituents (each benzene moiety substituted with both substitutents) is determined to be where m is the number of substituted phthalonitrile molecules incorporated into the polymer and x is the number of phthalocyanine macrocycles (degree of polymerization; m = 4x). Specifically, for a stacked polymeric phthalocyanine with x = 2; there exist 298 isomers. The stacked polymeric phthalocyanines with substituted phthalocyanine rings possess different symmetry groups (D_2h, D_2d, C₄, C_2V or C_S E as sole symmetry operation). The results are valid for stacking of other macrocycles similar to phthalocyanine such as prophyrins.     

Structures and stabilities of [C3H2]+ ˙ and [C3H2]2+ ions

Ab initio molecular orbital theory using basis sets up to 6-311G^{* *}, with electron correlation incorporated via configuration interaction calculations with single and double substitutions, has been used to study the structures and energies of the C₃H₂ monocation and dication. In agreement with recent experimental observations, we find evidence for stable cyclic and linear isomers of [C₃H₂]^{+ ˙}. The cyclic structure (, a) represents the global minimum on the [C₃H₂]^{+ ˙} potential energy surface. The linear isomer (, b) lies somewhat higher in energy, 53 kJ mol^?1 above a. The calculated heat of formation for [HCCCH]^{+ ˙} (1369 kJ mol^?1) is in good agreement with a recent experimental value (1377 kJ mol^?1). For the [C₃H₂]²⁺ dication, the lowest energy isomer corresponds to the linear [HCCCH]²⁺ singlet (h). Other singlet and triplet isomers are found not to be competitive in energy. The [HCCCH]²⁺ dication (h) is calculated to be thermodynamically stable with respect to deprotonation and with respect to C? C cleavage into CCH⁺ + CH⁺. The predicted stability is consistent with the frequent observation of [C₃H₂]²⁺ in mass spectrometric experiments. Comparison of our calculated ionization energies for the process [C₃H₂]^{+ ˙} → [C₃H₂]²⁺ with the Q_min values derived from charge-stripping experiments suggests that the ionization is accompanied by a significant change in structure.     

Manipulation of the Coordination Geometry along the C4 Rotation Axis in a Dinuclear Tb3+ Triple-Decker Complex via a Supramolecular Approach

A supramolecular complex ( 1⋅ C₆₀) was prepared by assembling (C60-Ih)[5,6]fullerene (C₆₀) with the dinuclear Tb³⁺ triple-decker complex [(TPP)Tb(Pc)Tb(TPP)] ( 1 : Tb³⁺=trivalent terbium ion, Pc²⁻=phthalocyaninato, TPP²⁻=tetraphenylporphyrinato) with quasi-D_4h symmetry to investigate the relationship between the coordination symmetry and single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. Tb³⁺-Pc triple-decker complexes (Tb₂Pc₃) have an important advantage over Tb³⁺-Pc double-decker complexes (TbPc₂) since the magnetic relaxation processes correspond to the Zeeman splitting when there are two 4f spin systems. The two Tb³⁺ sites of 1 are equivalent, and the twist angle (φ) was determined to be 3.62°. On the other hand, the two Tb³⁺ sites of 1⋅ C₆₀ are not equivalent. The φ values for sites Tb1 and Tb2 were determined to be 3.67° and 33.8°, respectively, due to a change in the coordination symmetry of 1 upon association with C₆₀. At 1.8 K, 1 and 1⋅ C₆₀ undergo different magnetic relaxations, and the changes in the ground state affect the spin dynamics. Although 1 and 1⋅ C₆₀ relax via QTM in a zero applied magnetic field (H), H dependencies of the magnetic relaxation times (τ) for H>1500 Oe are similar. On the other hand, for H<1500 Oe, the τ values have different behaviors since the off-diagonal terms ( ) affect the magnetic relaxation mechanism. From temperature (T) and H dependences of τ, spin-phonon interactions along with direct and Raman mechanisms explain the spin dynamics. We believe that a supramolecular method can be used to control the magnetic anisotropy along the C₄ rotation axis and the spin dynamic properties in dinuclear Ln³⁺-Pc multiple-decker complexes.     

A pair of epimeric 13‐hydroxy‐2,3,6,7‐tetra­methoxy‐8b,11,12,12a,13,13a‐hexa­hydro‐9H‐9a‐aza­cyclo­penta­[b]tri­phenyl­ene‐10‐ones

The structures of two compounds which are intermediates in the synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids have been determined. (8bS,13aS,14R,14aR)‐8b,9,11,12,13,13a,14,14a‐Octa­hydro‐14‐hydroxy‐2,3,6,7‐tetra­methoxy­dibenzo­[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2‐b]­isoquinolin‐11‐one acetone solvate, C₂₄H₂₇NO₆·C₃H₆O, (II), crystallizes in a chiral space group with one solvent mol­ecule (acetone) present in the asymmetric unit. On the other hand, (8bS,13aS,14S,14aR)‐8b,9,11,12,13,13a,14,14a‐octa­hydro‐14‐hydroxy‐2,3,6,7‐tetra­methoxy­dibenzo­[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2‐b]­isoquinolin‐11‐one, C₂₄H₂₇NO₆, (III), crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit and with no solvent present. The two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of (III) are structurally the same. Compounds (II) and (III) are epimers at the C atom carrying the OH group; otherwise they are very similar in structure.     

The disordered molecular structure of (3aRS,7aRS)‐1,3‐dinitrosooctahydro‐1H‐benzimidazole

The title compound, C₇H₁₂N₄O₂, was obtained by nitrosation of the aminal cage (2R,7R,11S,16S)‐1,8,10,17‐tetraazapentacyclo[8.8.1.1^8,17.0^2,7.0^11,16]icosane. The crystal structure is a racemic mixture of RR and SS enantiomers. The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent half‐molecules, one having two partially occupied conformers with refined occupancy factors of 0.747 (3) and 0.253 (3). The molecules sit across twofold axes. The unique molecules each form chains parallel to [001], with molecules connected by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The bonding between adjacent chains is weak. The analysis of eight different crystals confirmed the presence of disordered and nondisordered molecules in the same structure as a regular feature.     

Polynuclear Iron and Rhodium Complexes of 7-Oxa[2.2.1]hericene (2,3,5,6-tetramethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one)

μ-Carbonyl(Rh? Rh)di(η⁵-indenyl)[(2R,3S)-C,2,3,C-η-(2,3,4,5-tetramethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one)]]-dirhodium(I)(Rh? Rh) (7) and cis-μ-[(2R,3S,5R,6S))-C,2,3,C-η:C,5,6,C-η-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one)]bis[μ-carbonyldi(η⁵-indenyl)dirhodium(I)(Rh? Rh)] ( 8 ) have been prepared. Complex 7 reacts with Fe₂(CO)₉ in hexane/MeOH and gives cis-μ-[(2R,3S,5R,6S] ( 9 ), trans-μ-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-C,2,3,C-η: C,5,6, C-η-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one)-μ-carbonyldi(η⁵-indenyl)dirhodium(I)(Rh? Rh)-(tricarbonyliron) ( 10 ), and, μ-carbonyl(Rh? Rh)[(2R,3S)-C,2,3,C-η-(2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dimethylidenebicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-one)]di(η⁵-indenyl)dirhodium(I)(Rh? Rh) ( 11 ). Treatment of 7-oxa[2.2.1]hericene ( 4 ) with Fe₂(CO)₉ or (cyclooctene)₂Fe(CO)₃ gave a 1:2 mixture of cis-μ-[(2R,3S,5R,6S)-] ( 12 ) and trans-μ-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-C,2,3,C-η:C,5,6,C-η-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-one)]bis(tricarbonyliron)( 13 ).     

(E,E)-1,1′-[1,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diyl]bis(phenyldiazene) revisited: threefold configurational disorder of (S,S), (R,R) and (S,R) isomers,a detailed critique

Crystal structures described as concomitant triclinic ( I ) and monoclinic ( II ) polymorphs of meso-(E,E)-1,1′-[1,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diyl]bis(phenyldiazene) [Mohamed et al. (2016). Acta Cryst. C 72 , 57–62] have been re-investigated. The published model for II was distorted due to forcing the symmetry of space group C2/c on an incomplete structure model. It is shown here to be a likely three-component superposition of S,S and R,R enantiomers with a lesser amount of the meso form. A detailed analysis of how the improbable distortion in the published model aroused suspicion and the subsequent construction of undistorted chemically and crystallographically plausible alternatives having the symmetry of Cc and C2/c is presented. For the sake of completeness, an improved model for the triclinic P structure of the meso isomer I , revised to include a minor disorder component, is also given.     

Reaction of 5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphepine with chloral. The synthesis and spatial structure of 5-carbaphosphatrane containing a four-membered ring

Phosphorylation of 2-hydroxyphenyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ketone with dichloro(phenyl)phosphine gave 5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-di-hydro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphepine. Heating of the latter initiated an intramolecular interaction of the P atom with the carbonyl group. Hydrolysis of the intermediate product yielded 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2-phenyl-3-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-2,3-di-hydro-1,2λ⁵-benzo[d]oxaphosphole. The reaction was highly stereoselective (P_RC_S/P_SC_R). The reaction of the starting phosphepine with chloral proceeded highly stereoselectively (P_RC_SC_S/P_SC_RC_R) to give a 5-carbaphosphatrane derivative containing a four-membered ring, namely, 1-phenyl-3-trichloromethyl-10,10-bis(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-benzo-2,4,8,9-tetraoxa-1λ⁵-phosphatricyclo[3.3.2.0¹,⁵]decene. The trigonal bipyramid of the 5-carbaphosphatrane derivative is made up of the equatorial O atoms and the apical C atoms.     

一种含有手性联萘“铰链”单元的环芳分子的设计、合成及表征

基于联萘衍生物手性构型高度稳定以及联萘结构中2个萘平面的两面角可以在一定范围内张合的特点, 分别以光学活性的(R)和(S)-2,2'-二乙炔基-1,1'-联萘为模板, 设计了一种含有8个“铰链”结构单元的新的环芳分子¾—(R,R,R,R,R,R,R,R)-3和(S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S)-3. 其合成路线涉及间苯基连接桥的链接, 保护基的脱去和控制导入以及分子间偶合等步骤. 用MS, IR, UV-Vis, ¹H和¹³C NMR以及元素分析等技术对中间体和目标化合物进行了结构表征. 测定并比较了2个目标化合物的比旋光度[α]_D和圆二色(CD)性质. 在CH₂Cl₂溶液中, 两个异构体(R,R,R,R,R,R,R,R)-3和(S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S)-3的[α]_D²⁵值分别为－911.8和＋908.6, 并且它们的CD谱表现出对称的镜像特征．这些实验结果清楚地反映了它们之间的对映异构关系.     

Carbometallic derivatives of hydroborons C2h and D5d: A list of substitution isomers

The problem of determining the number and type of X-substituted (where X represents certain substituents) carbometallic derivatives of hydroborons [Co(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻ C _2h and [Co(C₅B₆H₁₁)₂]⁻ D _5d (from apexes) was solved on the basis of G. Pólya’s theorem by means of combinatory analysis. The formulae of symmetry Z and generating functions of the number of achiral substitution isomers were determined. The family distributions of isomers (depending on the type and number of substituents) and the sites of possible substitution depending on the number m were determined. Mono and di-X-substituted isomers of [Co(C₅B₆H₁₁)₂]⁻ C _2h , as well as mono and di-X-substituted isomers of [Co(C₅B₆H₁₁)₂]⁻ D _5d , were identified. The procedure for plotting an additive model of calculating the properties of isomers of apical substitution of [Co(C₅B₆H₁₁)₂]⁻ D _5d was described on the basis of splitting of polygonal numbers (K ₃, K _TE, K ₅, and so on) of Pascal triangle, upon use of which there is no randomization in the choice of parameters of calculation model. The additive schemes containing 7 and 25 parameters for the calculation of properties of X-substituted carbometallic derivative of hydroboron [Co(C₅B₆H₁₁)₂]⁻ D _5d to various approximations were obtained.     

Preparation and structural analysis of (±)‐cis‐ethyl 2‐sulfanylidenedecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate and (±)‐trans‐ethyl 2‐oxooctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine‐5‐carboxylate

Bicycle ring closure on a mixture of (4aS,8aR)‐ and (4aR,8aS)‐ethyl 2‐oxodecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate, followed by conversion of the separated cis and trans isomers to the corresponding thioamide derivatives, gave (4aSR,8aRS)‐ethyl 2‐sulfanylidenedecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate, C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₂S. Structural analysis of this thioamide revealed a structure with two crystallographically independent conformers per asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). The reciprocal bicycle ring closure on (3aRS,7aRS)‐ethyl 2‐oxooctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine‐5‐carboxylate, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃, was also accomplished in good overall yield. Here the five‐membered ring is disordered over two positions, so that both enantiomers are represented in the asymmetric unit. The compounds act as key intermediates towards the synthesis of potential new polycyclic medicinal chemical structures.     

Synthese von diastereo- und enantio-selektiv deuterierten β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- und γ,γ-Carotinen

Synthesis of Diastereo- and Enantioselectively Deuterated β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- and γ,γ-Carotenes We describe the synthesis of (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-β, εcarotene, (1R, 1′R)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-β, β-carotene, (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-γ, γ-carotene and (1R, 1′R, 6S, 6′S)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-γ, γ-carotene by a multistep degradation of (4R, 5S, 10S)-[18, 18, 18-²H₃]-didehydroabietane to optically active deuterated β-, ε- and γ-C₁₁-endgroups and subsequent building up according to schemes \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm C}_{11} \to {\rm C}_{14}^{C_{\mathop {26}\limits_ \to }} \to {\rm C}_{40} $\end{document} and C₁₁ → C₁₄; C₁₄+C₁₂+C₁₄→C₄₀. NMR.- and chiroptical data allow the identification of the geminal methyl groups in all these compounds. The optical activity of all-(E)-[²H₆]-β,β-carotene, which is solely due to the isotopically different substituent not directly attached to the chiral centres, is demonstrated by a significant CD.-effect at low temperature. Therefore, if an enzymatic cyclization of [17, 17, 17, 17′, 17′, 17′-²H₆]lycopine can be achieved, the steric course of the cyclization step would be derivable from NMR.- and CD.-spectra with very small samples of the isolated cyclic carotenes. A general scheme for the possible course of the cyclization steps is presented.     

CuII‐Containing 1‐Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Is an Efficient Stereospecific Diels–Alderase

In the context of developing ecofriendly chemistry, artificial enzymes are now considered as promising tools for synthesis. They are prepared in particular with the aim to catalyze reactions that are rarely, if ever, catalyzed by natural enzymes. We discovered that 1‐aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid oxidase reconstituted with Cu^II served as an efficient artificial Diels–Alderase. The kinetic parameters of the catalysis of the cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene and 2‐azachalcone were determined (K_M=230 μm , k_app=3 h^?1), which gave access to reaction conditions that provided quantitative yield and >99 % ee of the (1S,2R,3R,4R) product isomer. This unprecedented performance was rationalized by molecular modeling as only one docking pose of 2‐azachalcone was possible in the active site of the enzyme and this was the one that leads to the (1S,2R,3R,4R) product isomer.     

Synthese von optisch aktiven,natürlichen Carotinoiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. V. Synthese von (3R, 3′R)-, (3S, 3′S)- und (3R,3′S; meso)-Zeaxanthin durch asymmetrische Hydroborierung. Ein neuer Zugang zu Optisch aktiven Carotinoidbausteinen. Vorläufige Mitteilung

Synthesis of Optically Active Natural Carotenoids and Structurally Related Compounds. V. Synthesis of (3R, 3′R)-, (3S, 3′S)- and (3R,3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin by Asymmetric Hydroboration. A New Approach to Optically Active Carotenoid Building Units The synthesis of (3R, 3′R)-, (3S, 3′S)- and (3R,3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin ( 1 ), ( 19 ) and ( 21 ) is reported utilizing asymmetric hydroboration as the key reaction. Thus, safranol isopropenylmethylether ( 4 ) is hydroborated with (+)- and (?)-(IPC)₂BH to give the optically pure key intermediates 5 and 7 resp., which are transformed into the above-mentioned C₄₀-compounds.     

5-Keto-Mannose (D-Lyxo-Hexos-5-Ulose) in Aqueous Solution-Isomeric Composition Dominated by α/β D-Fructofuranose Related Structures

Abstract

Selective C-6 hydroxyl triphenylmethylation of methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranose (1), followed by C-5 hydroxyl oxidation and sequential removal of protecting groups in aqueous acid, yielded D-lyxo-hexos-5-ulose (5-keto-mannose, 5) as a mixture of isomeric forms. The isomeric mixture of 5 in D₂O solution was carefully examined using ¹H and ¹³C NMR techniques and structural assignments were made for seven isomers. The most prevalent form of 5 observed was the ketofuranose isomer 2S, 5R-D-lyxo-hexo-5,2-furanos-5-ulose 1-hydrate (5a, 52%), with its 2S, 5S-ketofuranose anomer (5b) being the next most abundant (14%). Also identified in the mixture were the α and β-hexofuranos-5-uloses 5c (6%) and 5d (< 2%), the pyranose structure 1R,5R-lyxo-hexopyranos-5-ulose 5e (10%), and the anhydro isomer 1R,5R-1,6-anhydro-D-lyxo-hexopyranos-5-ulose (5f, 5%), present in ¹ C ₄ conformation. Limited spectral information suggests that the remaining isomer 5g (8%) is a hydrated acyclic aldehyde form of 5.     

A Study of Magnetic Relaxation in Dysprosium(III) Single-Molecule Magnets

Although the development of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is rapid, there are only two families of high energy barrier (U_eff) dysprosium(III) SMMs known so far: the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) family with a sandwich structure and the pentagonal-bipyramidal (PB) family with D_5h symmetry. These high-barrier SMMs, which usually possess U_eff>500 cm⁻¹ allow the separate study of the four magnetic relaxation paths, namely, direct, quantum tunnelling, Raman and Orbach processes, in detail. Whereas the first family is chemically more challenging to modify the Cp rings, it is shown herein that the latter family, with the common formulae [DyX¹X²(L_eq)₅]⁺, such as X¹/X²=⁻OCMe₃, ⁻OSiMe₃, ⁻OPh, Cl⁻ or Br⁻; L_eq=THF/pyridine/4-methylpyridine, can be readily fine-tuned with a range of axial and equatorial ligands by simple substitution reactions. This allows unambiguous confirmation that the U_eff mainly depends on the identity of X¹ and X², rather than on L_eq. More importantly, the fitted parameters are barrier dependent. If X¹ is an O donor and X² is a halide, 500<U_eff<600 cm⁻¹, log τ_0avg (s)=−10.66, log C_avg (s⁻¹ K⁻ⁿ)= −5.05, n_avg=4.1 and T_H=9 K (in which τ₀ is the pre-exponential factor for the Orbach relaxation process, C and n are parameters used to describe Raman relaxation, and T_H is the highest temperature at which magnetic hysteresis is observed). For cases in which both X¹ and X² are O donors, 900<U_eff<1300 cm⁻¹, log τ_0avg (s)=−11.63, log C_avg (s⁻¹ K⁻ⁿ)= −6.03, n_avg=4.1 and 18<T_H<25 K. Based on these results, it can be further concluded that U_eff not only has a linear correlation to the axial Dy−X bond lengths, but also to T_H for these PB SMMs. This represents the first systematic study of a family of lanthanide SMMs and derives the first magneto-structural correlation in Dy SMMs.     

Bis(2,4,7‐tri­methyl­indenyl)­cobalt(II) and rac‐2,2′,4,4′,7,7′‐hexamethyl‐1,1′‐biindene

The crystal and molecular structures of bis(η⁵‐2,4,7‐tri­methyl­indenyl)­cobalt(II), [Co(C₁₂H₁₃)₂], (I), and rac‐2,2′,4,4′,7,7′‐hexamethyl‐1,1′‐biindene, C₂₄H₂₆, (II), are reported. In the crystal structure of (I), the Co atom lies on an inversion centre and the structure represents the first example of a bis(indenyl)cobalt complex exhibiting an eclipsed indenyl conformation. The (1R,1′R) and (1S,1′S) enantiomers of the three possible stereoisomers of (II), which form as by‐products in the synthesis of (I), cocrystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c. In the unit cell of (II), alternating (1R,1′R) and (1S,1′S) enantiomers pack in non‐bonded rows along the a axis, with the planes of the indenyl groups parallel to each other and separated by 3.62 and 3.69 Å.