基于单模光纤的交叉相位调制型频率分辨光学开关超短脉冲测量

利用单模光纤中的光弹效应和交叉相位调制(XPM)效应,提出了一种频率分辨光学开关法测量超短脉冲的新方案.在本方案中,单模光纤的前一部分产生可变延迟,后一部分作为非线性介质产生非线性效应.该方案只需一根单模光纤,无须复杂的光路校准,结构简单,损耗低;光纤中的XPM效应易发生,无须相位匹配.对提出的方案进行了数值模拟,采用基于矩阵的主元素广义投影算法,恢复出待测脉冲的幅度和相位信息,并研究了光纤长度和待测超短脉冲的脉冲宽度对测量结果的影响.结果表明:测量准确度随着光纤长度的增加而提高,选取长度为2 km的光纤,就可以实现对超短脉冲的准确测量;本文方案适用于脉冲宽度不小于80 fs的超短光脉冲的测量.     

频率分辨光学开关法行迹相位还原的时频分析

将小波变换分析光谱相位相干原理应用于频率分辨光学开关(FROG)行迹图的时间-频率分析，不需要传统的迭代算法，从对FROG行迹的脊的分析中，直接得到超短脉冲的相位.对于FROG行迹的脊变化平缓的脉冲得到了精确的相位. 关键词： 超短脉冲 相位重建     

从相关测量的数据恢复超短激光脉冲的波形

本文证明了,只要测量了脉冲光强的二阶相关函数G~(2)(τ)和单延迟的三阶相关函数G~(3)(τ),便可以恢复超短激光脉冲的强度波形。并提出一种恢复脉冲波形的计算方法,编制了计算机程序,对实验数据作了处理,证实这种计算方法是可行的。在此基础上建议一种通过相关测量确定超短激光脉冲波形的新型仪器。     

自参考光谱相干法的小波变换相位重建

将小波变换法引入光谱相位相干电场重建法的相位重建，从光谱干涉条纹的小波变换中直接 读取条纹相位，消除了传统傅里叶方法滤波过程中产生的相位噪声. 这种方法将有利于超宽 带、单周期超短脉冲的产生，更适用于超短脉冲的评价. 关键词： 超短脉冲 相位重建 小波变换     

小波变换提取放大超短脉冲载波-包络相位的研究

提出了一种新的超短放大脉冲的载波-包络相位还原方法,应用小波变换从超短放大脉冲的光谱拍频干涉中直接提取载波-包络相位. 消除了传统的Fourier变换方法不同宽度的滤波窗口引入不同程度的相位噪声而产生不确定性的影响,得到了更精确的载波-包络相位信息,对于近单周期超短脉冲特性测量具有重要意义. 关键词： 超短脉冲 载波-包络相位 相位还原 小波变换     

载波-包络相位对于基频光与其自身倍频光脉冲合成的影响

将基频光与其自身的倍频光合成，是一种得到超过一个倍频程的超宽光谱的简单方法，而载波_包络相位(CEP)对合成超宽光谱产生的超短脉冲有重要的影响. 本文从光频梳的角度，根据钛宝石激光器中产生的超短脉冲光谱，计算载波_包络相位对该脉冲与其自身的倍频脉冲合成产生的超短脉冲的影响，说明了调整载波_包络相位对于脉冲合成的重要性. 关键词： 超短脉冲 载波_包络相位 光频梳 脉冲合成     

超短激光脉冲测量技术的发展

 自从60年代中期实现固体激光器的锁模以来,激光脉冲的宽度经历皮秒(ps,10-12秒)、飞秒(fs,10-15秒)量级,目前已向阿秒(as,10-18秒)量级进军。超短激光脉冲自诞生以来一直朝着更短更强及波段更宽的方向发展。超短激光脉冲为人类提供了强有力的研究超快现象的手段,应用领域日趋扩大。作为评价和应用超短脉冲的前提,测量技术和超短脉冲的产生技术本身具有同等的重要意义。纵观超短激光脉冲测量技术的发展历史,其进步与超短激光脉冲产生技术的发展是分不开的。因此研究超短激光脉冲测量技术,完整准确地了解脉冲的宽度、相位及形状信息,是超快技术研究中非常重要的内容。     

载波相位对超短正弦高斯脉冲的影响

在时间域中研究了载波相位对超短正弦高斯脉冲的影响.给出了超短正弦高斯脉冲的脉冲能量和时间重心的解析表达式和数值模拟结果.结果表明载波相位和正弦函数的参数对超短正弦高斯脉冲的脉冲能量和时间重心有很大的影响.当载波相位等于nπ和2n+1π/2时,超短正弦高斯脉冲的脉冲能量分别达到最小和最大值;当载波相位等于2n+1π/4时,载波相位对超短正弦高斯脉冲的脉冲能量没有影响.当载波相位等于4n+3π/4和4n+1π/4时,超短正弦高斯脉冲的时间重心分别达到最小和最大值;当载波相位等于nπ/2时,超短正弦高斯脉冲的时间重心不发生变化.     

抽运光中ASE噪声对OPCPA信噪比的影响

惯性约束核聚变快点火实验,要求拍瓦终端输出再压缩的高信噪比超短激光脉冲.在拍瓦前端光参变啁啾脉冲放大(OPCPA)阶段,抽运激光脉冲中由放大的自发辐射(ASE)噪声调制导致的电场强度振幅和相位的随机扰动.将会被传递到信号光的光谱E.使再压缩后主激光脉冲前后出现底座.降低了信号光的信噪比.数值模拟了抽运激光脉冲中ASE噪声对信噪比以及对时间底座的宽度的影响,并探讨了有利于提高超短激光脉冲信噪比的途径.     

基于智能搜寻者优化的频率分辨光学开关重构算法

频率分辨光学开关(frequency-resolved optical gating, FROG)法是目前测量超短激光脉冲的主要方法之一.针对其常用的主成分广义投影重构(principal component generalized projections, PCGP)算法在处理大矩阵FROG谱图时速度会减慢及存在噪音时准确度下降的缺点,本文提出一种基于搜寻者优化算法的FROG算法.该算法在直接测量脉冲光谱分布的基础上,通过搜索脉冲频域相位的几个色散系数,从而恢复脉冲的结构.由于新算法主要在频域上进行运算,流程比PCGP算法简便很多,收敛速度和准确性都有明显改善.通过数值模拟方法重构了多个不同结构的超短脉冲,分析讨论了无噪音和在不同噪音水平下该算法的准确度.计算结果充分展示了该算法重构脉冲的速度快、准确度高的特点,在无噪音条件下其准确度比PCGP提升了3个数量级以上.     

Evolving FROGS: phase retrieval from frequency-resolved optical gating measurements by use of genetic algorithms

We present a new technique based on genetic algorithms for retrieving the electric field and the phase of ultrashort pulses from frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) traces. We have successfully applied a very basic genetic algorithm to the two most common beam geometries: polarization gate and second-harmonic generation (SHG). In the case of SHG FROG, the genetic algorithm returns a lower error than the standard iterative composite algorithm.     

Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating

We construct field shapes with distinct amplitude profiles that have nearly identical second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG) traces. Although such fields are not true mathematical ambiguities, they result in experimentally indistinguishable FROG traces. These fields are neither time-reversed copies nor pulselets with a mere relative phase difference, which are well known nontrivial ambiguities for SHG FROG. We also show that for certain example fields, second-order interferometric autocorrelation is more sensitive to the pulse shape than is SHG FROG.     

Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping

We describe the experimental implementation of feedback-optimized femtosecond laser pulse shaping. A frequency-domain phase shaper is combined with different pulse characterization methods and appropriate optimization algorithms to compensate for any phase deviation. In particular, bandwidth-limited, amplified laser pulses are achieved by maximizing the second-harmonic generation (SHG) of the shaped laser pulses with the aid of an evolutionary algorithm. Real-time measurement of the absolute phases is achieved with spectral interferometry where the reference pulse is characterized by FROG, the so-called TADPOLE method. Using the complete electric field as feedback, arbitrary laser pulse shapes can be optimally generated in two different ways. First, a local convergence algorithm can be used to apply reliable and accurate spectral chirps. Second, an evolutionary algorithm can be employed to reach specific temporal profiles.     

Coherent artifact in modern pulse measurements

We simulate multishot intensity-and-phase measurements of unstable trains of complex ultrashort pulses using second-harmonic-generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER). Both techniques fail to see the pulse structure. But FROG yields the correct average pulse duration and suggests the instability by exhibiting significant disagreement between measured and retrieved traces. SPIDER retrieves the correct average spectral phase but significantly underestimates the average pulse duration. In short, SPIDER measures only the coherent artifact. An analytical calculation confirms this last fact.     

Sensing and compensation of femtosecond waveform distortion induced by all-order polarization mode dispersion at selected polarization states

We demonstrate full characterization of femtosecond pulse distortion induced by all-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) at selected polarization states via second-harmonic generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) measurements at an average power of under 28 nW. By applying the inverse of the measured spectral phase via a programmable pulse shaper, we compress the distorted pulses from more than 3 ps to nearly bandwidth-limited durations of less than 500 fs. Our results show that SHG FROG measurements performed by using fiber-pigtailed aperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguides can serve as a robust and sensitive tool for characterization of PMD-induced spectral phase.     

Frequency-resolved optical gating of femtosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet

Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses were fully characterized for the first time by using a newly developed cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) technique in the XUV region. This method utilizes laser-assisted two-photon ionization as a nonlinear optical process. Near-infrared pulses characterized by FROG were used as a reference. The amplitude and phase of XUV pulses with a pulse duration of 10 fs were found to be in good agreement with a model analysis, taking into account phase modulation by ionization, self-phase modulation, and the atomic dipole phase.     

Complete pulse characterization at 1.5 mum by cross-phase modulation in optical fibers

Cross-phase modulation in optical fibers has been used for complete characterization of ultrashort pulses by a modified frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) measurement technique. This technique has been used for characterization of picosecond pulses at 1.5mum with energy as low as 24 pJ, and the results are in excellent agreement with second-harmonic generation (SHG)-FROG characterization. The use of an optical waveguide gives measurement sensitivity comparable with that of SHG-FROG but without any temporal ambiguity in the retrieved pulse.     

Observation of chirped soliton dynamics at lambda = 1.55 microm in a single-mode optical fiber with frequency-resolved optical gating

We present an experimental observation of the dynamics of an initially chirped optical soliton at 1.55microm that is propagating through a single-mode optical fiber, using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). FROG permits observation of both the amplitude and the phase profiles of ultrashort pulses, providing complete information on the pulse evolution. The features that are detected, which include what is believed to be the first experimental observation of phase slips, are in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations that employ the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.     

Milliwatt-peak-power pulse characterization at 1.55 microm by wavelength-conversion frequency-resolved optical gating

A novel wavelength-conversion configuration based on four-wave mixing in an optical fiber has been used to generate a frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) trace identical to that obtained from second-harmonic generation (SHG). The use of an optical fiber waveguide permits enhanced measurement sensitivity compared with that of conventional SHG-FROG and has been used for complete characterization of 1-mW peak-power picosecond pulses at 1.55 microm from an unamplified semiconductor laser diode gain switched at 10 GHz.