石墨烯中杂原子对镉离子检测性能的影响研究

本文基于氧化石墨烯(GO)、电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ERGO)和氮掺杂石墨烯(NG)三种石墨烯材料修饰的电极制备了镉离子(Cd~(2+))电化学传感器。利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法分析检测Cd~(2+),系统的比较了不同石墨烯材料修饰电极的电化学性质及检测效果。结果表明GO修饰的传感器在灵敏度、检测限和可重复性方面优于ERGO和NG,说明了石墨烯上含氧基团的存在提高了Cd~(2+)检测的灵敏度。     

基于喹啉单元的荧光探针的研究进展

喹啉及其衍生物是一种很好的金属螯合剂,而且它们具有良好的荧光性能,所以喹啉及其衍生物一直是荧光探针领域研究的热点.本文综述了近几年来含喹啉单元的荧光探针的研究进展,介绍了含喹啉单元类的荧光探针对Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)和含喹啉单元与金属离子的复合型荧光探针对阴离子荧光传感性能,并展望了含喹啉单元的荧光探针的理论和应用前景.     

电化学法绿色快捷制备石墨烯及其复合材料

石墨烯及其复合材料具有优异的物理和化学性能,在电子、能源、催化、医药以及生物传感等领域应用潜能巨大,因此探究高质量、高产量和规模化的制备方法对石墨烯基复合材料未来的开发和应用至关重要.电化学法是一种有望实现绿色规模化制备石墨烯及其复合材料的方法,本文作者综述了国内外电化学制备石墨烯及其复合材料的主要方法:阳极氧化、阴极还原、电化学还原、离子液体功能化、电沉积、电聚合等,并对其反应原理和主要影响因素进行了详细的分析和介绍,最后对其应用前景进行了深度的展望.     

石墨烯的生物医用研究进展

石墨烯及其衍生物在生物医学领域的应用愈来愈受到人们的关注,其研究领域已经涉及到生物传感、疾病诊断、药物和基因载体、抗菌和抗病毒、生物成像以及肿瘤的光热和光动力治疗、组织工程等。研究的热点也多集中在石墨烯的生物安全性和生物降解性及其衍生物的合成与制备,但至今仍有一些问题尚未解决。本文主要是介绍近几年有关石墨烯生物相容性及其在生物医学领域的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

基于石墨烯及其衍生物的生物传感系统

由于石墨烯或其衍生物具有的独特的电、热、机械、光及电化学性能,特别是单层石墨烯或其衍生物极高的载流子迁移率、良好的导电性、高比表面积、易于功能化、强荧光猝灭性和生物分子亲和力,尤适于生物传感系统的构建。本文对近几年来石墨烯及其衍生物在场效应晶体管、电化学、压电晶体、光致发光及电化学发光生物传感系统方面的研究情况进行了综述。     

埃洛石基离子印迹材料的制备及其镉离子传感性能

用表面印迹聚合法制备了埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)基超支化镉离子印迹传感材料HNTs@IIPs。用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、XRD、SEM、核磁及热重等方法表征材料的结构;利用循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(differential pulse voltammetry,DPV)及交流阻抗法(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)等考察了HNTs@IIPs的电化学性能及其对镉离子的特异性传感性能。结果表明成功合成了HNTs@IIPs,且在cCd~(2+)≤0.125μmol·L~(-1)时,感应峰电流与镉离子浓度有良好的定量关系,检出限为0.026μmol·L~(-1),印迹因子α为5.97,选择因子β为4.97,表明HNTs@IIPs对Cd~(2+)具有专一性和强选择性。对阻抗谱分析结果拟合得到了传感器的电学等效电路模型,并分析阐明了传感机理。     

香豆素型荧光探针的设计合成及对铜(Ⅱ)的识别

设计合成了香豆素衍生物荧光探针(HPDC),该传感器在与其他离子共存的条件下表现出对Cu~(2+)的高选择性和灵敏度,并可肉眼识别颜色变化。Cu~(2+)的最低检测浓度达到0.32μmol/L。Job曲线表明HPDC与Cu~(2+)的络合比为1:1。     

基于核酸适配体功能化荧光氧化石墨烯的免标记“Turn-off”型Hg2+传感器研究

利用湿化学法制备出具有一定荧光性能的氧化石墨烯(GO)负载金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)复合材料(GO@AuNPs),并将巯基化单链富T核酸适配体(aptamer)结合在该复合材料的金纳米颗粒表面,形成aptamer功能化氧化石墨烯-金纳米颗粒复合物(aptamer-GO@AuNPs)。当汞离子存在时,由于7个T-Hg~(2+)-T结构的配位作用,aptamer折叠形成刚性的发夹状双链DNA结构,并使Hg~(2+)靠近石墨烯表面(少于1 nm),使得电子可沿着双链DNA通道从石墨烯转移到汞离子,从而猝灭氧化石墨烯的荧光,由此构建了一种基于石墨烯荧光猝灭的"turn-off"型荧光传感器。考察了多种因素对检测体系的影响,在最优实验条件下,此方法对Hg~(2+)的线性检测范围为0.5～80 nmol/L,检出限为0.3 nmol/L。应用于环境水体样品中Hg~(2+)的检测,加标回收率为96.0%～105%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～3.2%。该方法操作简单,有较强的抗干扰能力,灵敏度和选择性高,不需要标记,检测快速,可用于环境水体样品中Hg~(2+)的高灵敏检测。     

石墨烯基微电极的制备及其在电化学传感中的应用

微电极由于灵敏度高、响应快、样品用量少、操作简便等特点,近年来在化学分析、生物医学、食品安全、环境检测等领域引起人们的广泛关注。 石墨烯具有超高的比表面积、优异的电子迁移率及良好的生物相容性等优点,近年来在电化学传感领域展示出巨大的发展前景。 本文围绕石墨烯基微电极的制备及其在电化学传感中的应用展开,总结了近年来国内外同行基于石墨烯修饰微电极和石墨烯微电极在重金属离子、多巴胺、葡萄糖、H₂O₂等分子检测方面取得的研究成果。 同时探讨了石墨烯基微电极在电化学传感方面面临的挑战和发展前景。     

石墨烯及其复合材料在酶电化学生物传感器中的应用

石墨烯作为新型的二维碳基纳米材料,具有良好的导电性、较大的比表面积和较好的生物相容性。石墨烯及其复合物适合于构建酶电化学生物传感器。本文介绍了石墨烯功能化的方法,并对石墨烯及其复合物在酶电化学生物传感器方面的研究进行了综述。     

石墨烯基复合材料去除和检测重金属离子的研究进展

石墨烯具有超大的比表面积、较快的载流子迁移速率和优异的电催化活性,广泛用于环境保护与检测领域。过去几年,基于石墨烯的大批高效吸附剂和传感器均被开发并应用于重金属离子的污染治理。本文详细阐述了石墨烯基复合材料在重金属离子去除和检测方面的研究进展,同时比较了不同方法的优缺点,最后对后续研究方向进行了展望。     

Graphene-based sensors for detection of heavy metals in water: a review

Graphene (G) is attracting significant attention because of its unique physical and electronic properties. The production of graphene through the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is a low-cost method. The reduction of GO can further lead to electrically conductive reduced GO. These graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive for high-performance water sensors due to their unique properties, such as high specific surface areas, high electron mobilities, and exceptionally low electronic noise. Because of potential risks to the environment and human health arising from heavy-metal pollution in water, G-/GO-based water sensors are being developed for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy-metal ions. In this review, a general introduction to graphene and GO properties, as well as their syntheses, is provided. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and electrical detection of heavy-metal ions using graphene or GO are then highlighted. Finally, challenges facing G/GO-based water sensor development and outlook for future research are discussed.     

A copper(II) ion-selective on-off-type fluoroionophore based on zinc porphyrin-dipyridylamino

A new copper(II) fluorescent sensor 5,10,15,20-tetra((p-N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino)phenyl)porphyrin zinc (1) has been designed and synthesized by the Ullmann-type condensation of bromoporphyrin zinc with 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) under copper powder as a catalyst as well as with K2CO3 as the base in a DMF solution. It consists of two separately functional moieties: the zinc porphyrin performs as a fluorophore, and the dpa-linked-to-zinc porphyrin acts as a selected binding site for metal ions. It displays a high selectivity and antidisturbance for the Cu2+ ion among the metal ions examined (Na+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Fe3+) and exhibits fluorescence quenching upon the binding of the Cu2+ ion with an "on-off"-type fluoroionophoric switching property. The detection limit is found to be 3.3 x 10(-7) M (3s blank) for Cu2+ ion in methanol solution, and its fluorescence can be revived by the addition of EDTA disodium solution. The design strategy and remarkable photophysical properties of sensor 1 help to extend the development of fluorescent sensors for metal ions.     

Graphene-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage: fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries

Graphene has attracted extensive research interest due to its strictly 2-dimensional (2D) structure, which results in its unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties and potential technical applications. These remarkable characteristics of graphene, along with the inherent benefits of a carbon material, make it a promising candidate for application in electrochemical energy devices. This article reviews the methods of graphene preparation, introduces the unique electrochemical behavior of graphene, and summarizes the recent research and development on graphene-based fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. In addition, promising areas are identified for the future development of graphene-based materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems.     

Molecularly engineered graphene surfaces for sensing applications: A review

Graphene is scientifically and commercially important because of its unique molecular structure which is monoatomic in thickness, rigorously two-dimensional and highly conjugated. Consequently, graphene exhibits exceptional electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. Herein, we critically discuss the surface modification of graphene, the specific advantages that graphene-based materials can provide over other materials in sensor research and their related chemical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, we describe the latest developments in the use of these materials for sensing technology, including chemical sensors and biosensors and their applications in security, environmental safety and diseases detection and diagnosis.     

石墨烯类材料在毛细管电泳中的应用新进展

由于石墨烯类材料具有独特的物理化学性质,因而在生命分析、化学分析等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文结合国内外文献对石墨烯类材料在毛细管电泳中的应用进展及相关探索研究进行了评述,包括修饰电化学检测电极、制备毛细管整体柱、修饰毛细管内壁及毛细管芯片等,并对其在毛细管电泳中的应用方向进行了展望。     

Electrochemical sensors based on graphene materials

Single?Clayered graphene, emerging as a true two?Cdimensional nanomaterial, has tremendous potential for electrochemical catalysis and biosensing as a novel electrode material. Considering the excellent properties of graphene, such as large surface?Cto?Cvolume ratio, high conductivity and electron mobility at room temperature, low energy dynamics of electrons with atomic thickness, robust mechanical and flexibility, we give a general view of recent advances in electrochemical sensors based on graphene. We are highlighting here important applications of graphene and graphene nanocomposites, and the assay strategies in electrochemical sensors for DNA, proteins, neurotransmitters, phytohormones, pollutants, metal ions, gases, hydrogen peroxide, and in medical, enzymatic and immunosensors.

An Overview on Graphene-Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanocomposite: A Promising Platform for Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity for the Treatment of Various Pollutants in Aqueous Medium

Graphene is one of the most favorite materials for materials science research owing to its distinctive chemical and physical properties, such as superior conductivity, extremely larger specific surface area, and good mechanical/chemical stability with the flexible monolayer structure. Graphene is considered as a supreme matrix and electron arbitrator of semiconductor nanoparticles for environmental pollution remediation. The present review looks at the recent progress on the graphene-based metal oxide and ternary composites for photocatalysis application, especially for the application of the environmental remediation. The challenges and perspectives of emerging graphene-based metal oxide nanocomposites for photocatalysis are also discussed.     

Recent advances on the development of graphene-based field-effect transistors,electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence biosensors

Graphene, a honeycomb lattice of carbon material with single-atom-layer structure, demonstrates extraordinary mechanical, thermal, chemical and electronic properties. Thus, it has sparked tremendous interests in various fields, such as energy storage and conversion devices, field-effect transistors (FET), chemical sensors and biosensors. In this review, we will first focus on the synthesis method of graphene and the fabrication strategy of graphene-based materials. Subsequently, the construction of graphene-based biosensors are introduced, in which three kinds of biosensors are discussed in details, including the FET, electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. The performances of the state-of-the-art biosensors on the detection of biomolecules are also displayed. Finally, we also highlight some critical challenges remain to be solved and the development in this field for further research.     

Graphene-based materials for the electrochemical determination of hazardous ions

The use of graphene in the field of electrochemical sensors is increasing due to two main properties that make graphene and derivatives appealing for this purpose: their conductivity and high surface area. In addition, graphene materials can be easily functionalized with nanoparticles (Au, Pt, etc.) or organic molecules (DNA, polymers, etc.) producing synergies that allow higher sensitivity, lower limit of detection as well as increased selectivity. The present review focuses on the most important works published related to graphene-based electrochemical sensors for the determination of hazardous ions (such as As(III), Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cr(VI), Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, etc.). The review presents examples of the use of graphene-based electrodes for this purpose as well as important parameters of the sensors such as: limit of detection, linear range, sensitivity, main interferences, stability, and reproducibility. The application of these graphene-based electrodes in real samples (water or food matrices) is indicated, as well. There is room for improvement of these type of sensors and more effort should be devoted to the use of doped graphene (doped for instance with N, B, S, Se, etc.) since electrochemically active sites originated by doping facilitate charge transfer, adsorption and activation of analytes, and fixation of functional moieties/molecules. This will allow the sensitivity and the selectivity of the electrodes to be increased when combined with other materials (nanoparticles/organic molecules).