像前与像后预放大与数字全息显微成像比较

随着数字全息显微技术在医学影像信息处理领域的广泛应用,本文对其影像信息系统进行了研究。基于菲涅耳衍射公式和线性系统理论,对像前及像后预放大数字全息显微成像过程进行了理论分析,推导了系统的点扩散函数,分析了系统成像的横向分辨率,并对这两种系统的成像性能进行了比较,最后利用分辨率测试板进行了实验验证。     

基于低相干干涉的透镜厚度测量及生物影像研究进展

低相干光干涉测量技术作为重要的非接触测量方法之一,由于具有结构简单、测量速度快及分辨率高的优点,在光学系统的非接触测量及生物医学影像等前沿领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文对透镜组的光学元件中心厚度及空气间隔的非接触测量技术进行了总结,简述了基于OCT的生物医学影像方面研究现状,重点论述基于低相干光干涉法测量原理和研究进展,对比分析相关研究方法的优缺点和创新之处,并从系统结构和应用范围的角度对低相干干涉测量技术的发展趋势作了展望。     

菲并咪唑类衍生物蓝光材料的研究进展

即将出现的全球能源危机和低效的能源利用推动了节能设备在显示和照明领域中的应用.节能的有机发光二极管被认为是新一代智能显示器,成为未来节能照明光源最具竞争力的候选产品之一.而高效深蓝色材料的分子设计由于其固有的宽带隙,载流子电荷传输不平衡以及其在固态下的低效率,发展受到很大限制.菲并咪唑基团作为一种新型蓝光材料的构筑单元,具吸引力的双极特性和优异的荧光效率,引起了科研工作者的强烈兴趣.对于菲并咪唑基团深蓝光材料的分子设计及其光物理性能研究具有重要的意义.综述了近几年来含有菲并咪唑类基团蓝光材料的发展状况,对菲并咪唑基团衍生物电致发光器件的发光机理、设计思路与最新进展进行了综述,并对其在未来全彩显示和固态照明领域上的前景进行了展望.     

应用于助航系统的赋形曲面光学系统研究

非对称式光度系统技术可以实现光能量的收集与再分配，已经广泛应用于照明领域。基于非成像光学理论的自由曲面照明光学设计具有体积小、设计自由度高、出光光形准确可控等优点。通过采用自由曲面对LED进行合理的二次配光，可以实现绿色环保的照明，给未来照明行业的发展指明了新的方向。本文通过对关于LED自由曲面的光学设计进行研究，提出了一种满足侧边发光照明方式的自由曲面透镜设计方法。将得到的自由曲面透镜实体模型作为立式滑行道边灯透镜设计的基本结构。仿真与实验结果表明，仅用一颗LED光源即可实现联邦航空局（FAA）对立式滑行道边灯的光强分布要求。     

非高斯噪声增强纳米尺度钯粒子表面一氧化碳氧化反应随机速率振荡

过去的几十年里,人们对噪声的积极作用进行了广泛研究,其中,化学反应体系中噪声的作用引起人们的很大兴趣.人们研究了单晶表面和纳米粒子表面催化体系中内、外噪声对反应振荡的影响,发现了随机共振和相干共振现象.然而,在以往的研究中,人们总是用高斯噪声代替实际噪声.但实验研究表明,神经元和自催化反应等生物化学反应体系中可能存在非高斯噪声.本文研究非高斯噪声对纳米尺度钯粒子表面一氧化碳催化氧化反应速率振荡的影响.我们首先给出了不存在外噪声时体系振荡随粒子尺度的变化情况,得到了内噪声相干共振行为.其次,我们重点研究了在非高斯噪声作用下体系反应速率的振荡.发现,随着非高斯噪声与高斯噪声的偏离q的增大,振荡规律性经历了由差变好到再变差的演化,而且在某个最佳的q值,振荡变得最有规律性.我们分别给出了振荡时间序列、功率谱和信噪比随q值的变化,充分反映了上述振荡的演化情况.这个结果表明,适当的外噪声能够增强纳米尺度钯粒子表面一氧化碳氧化反应随机速率振荡,而且存在某个最佳的外噪声,使速率振荡得到最大程度的增强.同时表明,非高斯噪声可能比高斯噪声起到更大的增强作用.最后,我们对非高斯噪声增强一氧化碳反应速率振荡这一现象的物理机制作了简单...     

共振和非共振超快pump-probe偏振光谱理论研究

从相互作用表象Liouville方程出发,得出了任意偏振激光作用下分子系统在时间域内的四阶张量非线性响应函数.处理了分子电子基态核相干运动的pump-probe偏振光谱,给出了在共振、非共振条件下光谱信号的明晰表达式.在基态核转动相干时,利用球张量代数使分子固有响应和激光偏振因素分离,并讨论了偏振因素对信号的影响     

折射＼率对流动注射峰形影响的研究

本文利用折射定律、菲涅耳公式和流体力学原理研究不同浓度乙醇溶液为试剂或载流的单流路体系中，正向流动注射与反向流动注射的信号峰形，对每个正、负峰高度和位置进行解释。给出不同相界面曲面方程，计算不同条件下反射率，反射光和折射光被流通池壁吸收时的径向半径及发生全反射时的径向半径，从理论上计算各种条件下的吸光度。     

菲涅耳反射型光纤生物传感器研究

构建了一种基于菲涅耳反射原理的光纤生物传感器,以生物素-链霉亲和素体系为模型验证了其进行生物传感的可行性.首先,利用硅烷偶联剂,在切平整的普通单模光纤端面修饰上生物素,将其作为吸附链霉亲和素的生物敏感膜.然后,将光纤端面浸入不同浓度的链霉亲和素溶液中,测量宽带光源经过光纤端面反射后的光谱.实验结果表明,反射光谱的相对功率与链霉亲和素溶液浓度之间呈线性关系,测量得到灵敏度为15.38 dB/(mg/mL).用牛血清白蛋白代替链霉亲和素,测量得到的反射光谱曲线与在之前浸入生物素后的反射光谱曲线基本重合,证明此生物传感器的选择性好.最后以人免疫球蛋白G与山羊抗人免疫球蛋白G体系验证了此结构进行生物传感的实用性.     

大数值孔径光学镜约束多级衍射机理

针对基于激光照明的离轴全息显微成像系统存在散斑和寄生条纹噪声,以及基于部分相干光照明的离轴数字全息显微技术存在相干条纹对比度差的问题,本文提出了一种基于单色LED照明的衍射相位显微成像系统。该系统利用大数值孔径物镜及光栅对物光进行多级衍射,并采用4f系统和空间滤波器分离出0级和+1级信息,分别作为参考光和物光,最终两束光在CCD阵面上干涉产生离轴全息图,从而形成共光路全息成像结构。通过理论分析和计算,对实验用到的光学元器件进行选型,确保衍射光频谱信息能够分开且满足抽样条件。最后与传统激光离轴数字全息显微成像检测结果进行对比,实验结果表明,本文提出的系统能够获得较高的成像准确度和信噪比。     

数字全息显微在医学影像中的发展与最新应用

随着CCD等光电成像器件和计算机技术的迅猛发展,数字全息显微技术不断发展成熟起来,以其非接触、定量、三维成像等特点广泛应用于医学影像领域。本文综述了数字全息显微技术在生物医学方面的发展;比较了数字全息显微技术与其它显微技术在生物医学成像方面的优缺点;分析总结了不同全息显微影像信息系统;论述了不同光源结构对数字全息显微成像效果的重要影响以及相应算法补偿;列举了数字全息显微在生物医学中的最新应用。     

Self-Processing,Diffusion-Based Photopolymers for Holographic Applications

The new photopolymers for holographic applications described herein are based on a cross-linked matrix in which the holographic grating is formed by photo-polymerization of guest monomers in an interference pattern of the recording light. Diffusion of monomer, triggered by this photo-polymerization, from the dark to the bright fringes of the interference pattern is the key parameter for creating high modulation in refractive index Δn during hologram recording. This leads to bright visual volume holograms with high diffraction efficiency. The holographic photopolymers are self-processing. After recording the hologram only (incoherent) light exposure is necessary to bleach the final product and fix the hologram. Unlike earlier photopolymers used in holography, these new materials offer the advantages of no chemical or thermal processing combined with low shrinkage and detuning. Additionally, due to good light sensitivity the formation of the holograms is fast and the film obtained after curing is highly transparent, which makes the material suitable for both, reflection and transmission holography.     

Advances in Acoustical Holography

The most recent branch of holography, acoustical holography employing acoustical radiation, presents a variety of new and highly interesting possible applications: Thus objects can be imaged in a turbid liquid medium (marine research); the technique can be used for non-destructive investigations of the internal structure of objects that are opaque to light (testing of materials) and is possibly also a potential tool for the three-dimensional imaging of biological structures (biomedical diagnosis).     

Nematic Liquid Crystals as Media for Real-Time Holography

We report on a novel type of orientational photorefractive devices consisting of dye-doped or pure nematic liquid crystals. These systems can be employed as the recording media for real-time (dynamic) holography. Optical addressing of liquid crystal molecules is facilitated due to the natural tendency of molecular self-assembling in nematics and their easy reorientation upon action of an electric field. This field can be produced by incoming light via photoconductivity either in the bulk or at the surface of the nematic liquid crystal layer. We present an experimental study of dynamic self-diffraction of light on thin phase holograms formed in a nematic liquid crystal panel. Optically addressed spatial light modulators designed by us can be the active elements of image processing systems and in this communication we demonstrate the optical correlator performing image recognition.     

数字全息重构图像边缘误差抑制方法研究

数字全息技术由于其高灵敏度、高准确度、分辨能力强,且再现、存储及传输方便灵活等特点,在微纳结构与生物细胞的测量领域中得到越来越广泛的应用。然而,记录数字全息图受孔径有限等因素的影响,其重构图像会产生一些类似于波纹的边缘误差,导致成像质量降低和CCD视场不能充分利用。本文首先基于数字全息理论对误差产生原因进行了理论分析,并对边缘误差产生影响的数值参数进行了详细讨论,在此基础上,提出了一种周期延拓迭代方法对全息图进行预处理,并使用图像均方差值对迭代结果进行评价。通过计算机仿真与实验,结果表明,该方法能够显著降低边缘误差,提高再现图像质量。     

Nonexponential resonance fluorescence. The role of the exciting light

The theoretical origin of nonexponential decays is discussed, especially with regard to the role of the exciting light source in the narrow band limit of excitation. For coherent light sources the bandwidth of excitation is crucial to observing nonexponentiality. A simple discussion of incoherent light sources is presented and the effect of incoherence on the non-exponential decays investigated. Even with incoherent light, one may still observe nonexponential decays under certain conditions of bandwidth and time duration of the exciting pulse. Finally, the effect of Doppler broadening is briefly discussed.     

Neutron scattering study of dynamically disordered hydrogen bonds: Terephthalic acid

Incoherent neutron scattering experiments have been performed on the disordered hydrogen-bonded dimers of terephthalic acid. An abnormally high Debye-Waller factor is found in contradiction to a simple two-site jump model. The inelastic incoherent neutron spectrum is analyzed by using different isotopically substituted molecules. The results are compared with the Arrhenius parameters of the exchange process obtained by solid-state NMR experiments.     

Excitation of Biomolecules by Coherent vs. Incoherent Light: Model Rhodopsin Photoisomerization

Light-induced processes in biological molecules, which occur naturally in continuous incoherent light, are often studied using pulsed coherent light sources. With a focus on timescales, the relationship between excitation due to these two types of light sources is examined through a uniform minimal model of the photoisomerization of retinal in rhodopsin, induced by either coherent laser light or low level incoherent light (e.g. moonlight). Realistic timescales for both processes are obtained and a kinetic scheme involving rates for both coherent and incoherent light excitation is introduced, placing all timescales into a uniform framework. The rate limiting step in the natural light-absorption process is shown to be the low incoherent photon flux.     

Application of X-ray fluorescence holography to the analysis of the interior and surface of an yttrium oxide thin film

We report on the characterization of a thin film of yttrium oxide by X-ray fluorescence holography. The sample has a layered structure with an YO base layer and an oxidized Y₂O₃ surface. Both layers are clearly observed in the atomic image reconstructions, and their local structure is analyzed. We show that by using incident energies close to the absorption edge of the fluorescing atom, it becomes possible to observe the thin surface layer clearly, even next to a base layer containing the same fluorescing element.     

Local structural analysis of In-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator using X-ray fluorescence holography

We performed X-ray fluorescence holography measurements on an In-doped Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator and obtained an in-plane atomic image in the vicinity of In. We found that atomic images at the positions of the first nearest neighbors (NNs) are very weak whereas those at the positions of the second and the third NNs are relatively strong. On the basis of the fact that In is half of the atomic number of Bi, we attributed the origin of this feature to the clustering of the In atoms in the Bi plane. We calculated the intensity of the atomic images and confirmed that the formation of In cluster results in a decrease by 30% in the first NN atomic image intensity. However, the decrease in the magnitude is not enough to explain the experimental results, suggesting another contribution such as the lattice distortions. The effect of the lattice distortion on the atomic image intensity is discussed on the basis of the simulation including the positional fluctuation of In atoms.