原位合成纳米SiO2增强阴离子聚酯型上浆剂及其对碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法, 在侧链带有羧基的线性不饱和聚酯中加入正硅酸乙酯(TEOS), 使TEOS在酸性条件下发生水解反应, 原位合成纳米SiO₂增强阴离子型聚酯乳液(SEAPE). 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、 激光粒度分析仪和冷冻扫描电子显微镜(Cryo-SEM)对SEAPE进行分析与表征. 将SEAPE与聚乙二醇单油酸酯润滑剂、 非离子型表面活性剂FC-4430及抗氧剂1010进行复配, 原位制备纳米SiO₂增强阴离子型聚酯乳液上浆剂(SEAPEs), 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 视频动态接触角测量仪、 X射线能谱(EDS)仪和纤维强力仪对SEAPEs上浆后碳纤维的表面形貌、 表面能、 碳纤维(CF)表面元素及碳纤维增强不饱和聚酯(UPR)复合材料(CF/UPR)的层间剪切强度(ILSS)进行测试与表征. 结果表明, 当TEOS添加质量分数为5%时, SEAPEs上浆后的碳纤维有效增强了其与UPR的结合强度, CF/UPR复合材料的ILSS达到40.03 MPa, 与市售环氧树脂型上浆剂上浆后碳纤维增强UPR复合材料相比, ILSS提高90.1%. SEAPEs中原位生成的纳米SiO₂分散均匀, 乳液储存稳定, 上浆后SiO₂均匀吸附在碳纤维表面, 增加碳纤维表面能, 改善碳纤维与树脂间的浸润性, 可有效提高碳纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的ILSS.     

多聚磷酸/乙酸体系对PBO纤维表面改性的研究

采用多聚磷酸/乙酸体系并结合偶联剂处理方法对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,采用扫描电镜和液滴形状法对处理前后纤维表面形态结构和纤维表面亲水性进行了表征,通过单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度。利用X光电子能谱和热重分析等方法对纤维表面元素组成和热稳定性进行了分析。研究发现,多聚磷酸/乙酸体系偶联剂的方法改性后PBO纤维表面亲水性明显增强,与水的接触角从大于90°下降到42.8,°PBO纤维/环氧树脂的界面剪切强度较未处理样品提高了45%。     

高亲水性环氧树脂的制备及对碳纤维的表面处理

在三乙胺催化下,以己二酸和环氧树脂制备了己二酸改性环氧树脂(AAEP),通过考察反应温度等因素对己二酸转化率和AAEP环氧值的影响,得到了AAEP合成的最佳条件.用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振对AAEP进行了表征.用KOH中和AAEP得到己二酸改性环氧树脂钾盐(AAEPK),测试了AAEPK乳液的性质和AAEPK处理后碳纤维的分散性,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对碳纤维的表面形貌和基团进行了研究.结果表明,AAEPK具有高亲水性,适用于碳纤维处理剂,当AAEPK的浓度和吸附量分别为1.0%(质量分数)和3.0 mg/g时,处理剂可在纤维表面均匀分布,使得碳纤维在树脂基体中的分散性得到改善.研究了处理剂对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料弯曲和剪切性能的影响,发现处理后碳纤维短丝/环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和碳纤维布/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度较未处理的试样分别增加了168%和113%,说明AAEPK处理后碳纤维在基体中分散性和黏结性的提高是碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因.     

等离子接枝处理超高分子量聚乙烯纤维

利用等离子接枝法对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维进行表面处理,在纤维表面产生活性官能团,并用紫外分析、红外分析探讨了纤维表面官能团的产生及变化。通过测定纤维复合材料层间剪切强度验证结构与性能的关系。     

甲基磺酸对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用甲基磺酸(MSA)溶液对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,用单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角分别对处理前后纤维的表面形貌、表面组成以及表面自由能进行了表征.研究结果表明:在甲基磺酸质量分数为60%的溶液中,60℃下处理6 h的PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度比未处理的提高了81%,并且纤维表面O元素的质量分数增加了13.3%,表面自由能增加了17.3%.当溶液中甲基磺酸的质量分数、处理时间和处理温度进一步提高时,PBO纤维的皮层将遭受破坏,导致界面剪切强度下降.     

石墨纤维氧化表面处理对环氧树脂界面粘合影响的研究

<正> 由于石墨纤维表面能较低,因此石墨纤维/树脂复合材料的界面粘合情况极为重要,为了阐明界面的粘合机理,需要对石墨纤维的表面特性如表面活化能、浸润性、表面积、表面化学基团等方面进行研究,为了提高复合材料的层间剪切强度,常常用各种方法对石墨纤维的表面进行处理,以期改变纤维表面的物理和化学结构来增加纤维和环氧树脂     

改性芳纶/聚苯胺复合导电纤维的制备

以聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(简称芳纶,PPTA)纤维为基材,使用环氧氯丙烷(ECP)对PPTA表面进行有机修饰,得到了ECP改性的PPTA纤维(ECP-PPTA),然后使苯胺单体在ECPPPTA表面接枝聚合,制备了ECP-PPTA/PANI复合导电纤维。用傅里叶变换红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)及X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)等分析测试方法对ECP-PPTA及ECP-PPTA/PANI复合导电纤维进行了表征。结果表明:PPTA经ECP改性后,PANI成功接枝在PPTA表面,制备的ECP-PPTA/PANI复合导电纤维的电阻率低于PPTA/PANI纤维的,其室温电阻率最低为0.32MΩ·m。     

芳纶纤维/SMPU-SiO2复合材料的界面性能研究

选用形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,固体酸对甲基苯磺酸(PTSA)为催化剂,利用空气中的水分为水解水源,通过溶胶-凝胶法原位制备了形状记忆聚氨酯与二氧化硅( SMPU-SiO2)杂化材料,并将杂化材料应用于芳纶纤维增强的柔性复合材料中,以期改善芳纶纤维与基体的界面性能.同时,针对芳纶纤维表面...     

胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度测量结果的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 7124-2008《胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度的测定》,以环氧树脂结构胶为例,对胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度测量结果的不确定度分量进行了分析和量化,计算了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。当环氧树脂结构胶的拉伸剪切强度为28.8 MPa时,扩展不确定度为1.0 MPa(k=2)。     

碳纤维的表面处理及其特性

碳纤维复合材料是一种低密度、高比强度、高比刚度,耐热、耐烧融的新材料。从七十年代初问世以来,已经得到了广泛的研究和应用,至今,仍处于迅速发展阶段中。作为结构材料使用,在复合材料的特性中,层间剪切强度是重要的。就一种树脂(聚酯、环氧、聚酰胺等)和特定碳纤维所制成的复合材料而言,其层间剪切强度主要取决于树脂与纤维两相间的粘结性能。碳纤维表面处理的根本目的,则在于改善两相间的粘结,以提高碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强发。本文着重介绍若干表面处理方法和有关碳纤维表面特性及其对复合材料性能的影响。     

Fiber-reinforced three-dimensional graphene aerogels for electrically conductive epoxy composites with enhanced mechanical properties

To enhance the mechanical properties of three-dimensional graphene aerogels with aramid fibers,graphene/organic fiber aerogels are prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of organic fibers of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(PPTA) and followed by freeze-drying. Thermal annealing of the composite aerogels at 1300 ° C is adopted not only to restore the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide component but also to convert the insulating PPTA organic fibers to conductive carbon fibers by the carbonization. The resultant graphene/carbon fiber aerogels(GCFAs) exhibit high electrical conductivities and enhanced compressive properties, which are highly efficient in improving both mechanical and electrical performances of epoxy composites. Compared to those of neat epoxy, the compressive modulus, compressive strength and energy absorption of the electrically conductive GCFA/epoxy composite are significantly increased by 60%, 59% and 131%, respectively.     

Effect of internal mold release agent on flexural and inter laminar shear properties of carbon and glass fabric reinforced thermoset composites

The study is focused on thermoset composites reinforced with carbon and glass woven fabrics. Two types of thermoset resins, for example, epoxy and vinyl ester were used as the matrix. Varying concentrations of internal mold releasing (IMR) agent was used in the resin. The composites were cured both at room temperature and at 80°C. The flexural properties were studied using 3‐point bending test method. Further theinter‐laminar shear strength (ILSS) was investigated using the short beam shear strength test based on 3‐point bending. The flexural modulus of room temperature cured epoxy resin is higher than that of high temperature cured epoxy resin and cured vinyl ester resin. The flexural modulus is lowest for 1% IMR sample in epoxy system and the modulus for 0% and 2% epoxy are not significantly different. Lowest flexural strength and modulus can be observed for the combination of reinforcement and curing conditions for samples containing 1% IMR for the epoxy systems. Carbon fiber is found to be less compatible with the vinyl ester resin system and the addition of IMR to the resin degraded the properties further. Inter‐laminar shear strength for epoxy‐based composites is not much affected by presence of IMR, but in case of vinyl ester based composites there is a decrease in ILSS on addition of IMR agent. The study explains variation in flexural properties on addition of IMR and change of curing conditions. These results can be used for ascertaining variation in mechanical properties in real use.     

Effect of carbon fiber surface functionality on the moisture absorption behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fibers were electrochemically oxidized in aqueous ammonium bicarbonate with increasing current density. The electrochemical treatment led to significant changes of surface physical properties and chemical structures. The oxidized fibers showed much cleaner surfaces and increased levels of oxygen functionalities. However, it was found that there was no correlation between surface roughness and the fiber/resin bond strength, i.e. mechanical interlocking did not play a major role in fiber/resin adhesion. Increases in surface chemical functionality resulted in improved fiber/resin bonding and increased interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The relationship between fiber surface functionality and the hydrothermal aging behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated. The existence of free volume resulted from poor wetting of carbon fibers by the epoxy matrix and the interfacial chemical structure were the governing factors in the moisture absorption process of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites

We report an approach to the development of advanced structural composites based on engineered multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement. Electrophoresis was utilized for the selective deposition of multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on woven carbon fabric. The CNT-coated carbon fabric panels were subsequently infiltrated with epoxy resin using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) to fabricate multiscale hybrid composites in which the nanotubes were completely integrated into the fiber bundles and reinforced the matrix-rich regions. The carbon nanotube/carbon fabric/epoxy composites showed approximately 30% enhancement of the interlaminar shear strength as compared to that of carbon fiber/epoxy composites without carbon nanotubes and demonstrate significantly improved out-of-plane electrical conductivity.     

Flame retardancy of fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites for aerospace applications

The applicability of phosphorus-containing reactive amine, which can be used in epoxy resins both as crosslinking agent and as flame retardant, was compared in an aliphatic and an aromatic epoxy resin system. In order to fulfil the strong requirements on mechanical properties of the aircraft and aerospace applications, where they are mostly supposed to be applied, carbon fibre-reinforced composites were prepared. The flame retardant performance was characterized by relevant tests and mass loss type cone calorimeter. Besides the flame retardancy, the tensile and bending characteristics and interlaminar shear strength were evaluated. The intumescence-hindering effect of the fibre reinforcement was overcome by forming a multilayer composite, consisting of reference composite core and intumescent epoxy resin coating layer, which proved to provide simultaneous amelioration of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resins.     

Preparation of Low-dielectric Permittivity Polyimide Resins with High Surface Activity from Chemically Bonded Hyperbranched Polysiloxane

Thermosetting resin matrix is the key component of advanced wave-transparent composites,where low dielectric constant,excellent processability,high thermal stability,as well as good bonding ability are required for resins.Herein,we prepared a series of phenylethynyl terminated polyimide(PI)resins by grafting amine-functionalized hyperbranched polysiloxane(HBPSi)to PI chains during the in situ polymerization.The effects of HBPSi on the processability of oligomers,molecular packing,thermal stability,dielectric property and bonding ability to reinforce Kevlar fibers of the cured PI/HBPSi composite resins have been examined in detail.The dielectric constants of the cured composite resins were greatly reduced from 3.29 to 2.19 without compromising its processability and thermal stability.Meanwhile,the 10 wt％HBPSi-containing PI resin demonstrated better bonding ability to reinforce fibers with the interfacial shear strength(IFSS)of 37.64 MPa,compared with that of neat PI-6 matrix(27.34 MPa),and better adhesion to metal with the lap shear strength of 10.48 MPa,50％higher than that of neat resin PI-6(6.98 MPa).These resultant PI/HBPSi composite resins exhibit excellent comprehensive properties,indicating their great potential as low-dielectric constant resin matrix in radar radome.     

The addition of acid treated carbon nanotube on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber reinforced UHMWPE composite

Carbon fiber reinforced Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (CF/UHMWPE) composites have been filled with acid treated carbon nanotube to enhance the adhesion. According to the modification, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites has been greatly improved. Dynamic wetting method, XPS and SEM are used to examine the microscopic properties of resultant composites. The enhanced ILSS is attributed to the CNT interlock, which improves the wetting between carbon fibers and resins. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical modification on UHMWPE microparticles to improve the interfacial and tribological properties of UHMWPE/carbon fabric/phenolic laminate in water environment

Carbon fabric (CF)/phenolic laminates filled with pristine and chromic acid treated ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) microparticles were fabricated. Their interfacial and tribological properties in water environment were comparatively investigated. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the laminates was tested on a universal testing machine (DY35), and the tribological properties were evaluated by a block‐on‐ring tribo‐tester. The worn surfaces and the interfaces of the laminates were respectively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and field emission SEM (FESEM). The change of the chemical composition of UHMWPE microparticles after chromic acid etching was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The chemical state of carbon fiber surface was examined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the chromic acid treated UHMWPE microparticles had more remarkable effect than the pristine ones on improving not only ILSS and wear resistance of CF/phenolic laminate, but also its immunity to water environment. This should be attributed to the strengthened interfaces in treated UHMWPE/CF/phenolic laminate, which were characterized by the drawn dendritic UHMWPE fibrils firmly clinging on the surfaces of carbon fibers and resin in a Boston ivy‐like manner. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.