室温钠离子电池关键材料研究进展

钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、价格低廉在大规模储能领域有着重要应用前景. 然而,钠离子相对锂离子较大的半径和质量限制了它在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌,导致其电化学性能不佳. 因此研发稳定、高效储钠的高比能电极材料是钠离子电池实用化的关键. 另外,进一步优化与电极材料相匹配的电解质来实现高安全、长寿命钠离子电池的构建,推动其商业化进程,也是迫切需要解决的问题. 本文主要对室温钠离子电池关键材料（包括正极、负极和电解质材料）的研究进展进行简要综述,并探讨了其面临的困难及可行的解决方案,为钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.     

钠离子电池负极材料

钠离子电池具有钠资源丰富和成本低廉等特点,吸引了国内外研究者的广泛关注,被认为是今后在规模储能领域可能替代锂离子电池的最佳候选。近几年钠离子电池的研究相继取得了重要进展,研究体系不断丰富。本文对钠离子电池负极材料的研究现状进行了详细的综述,重点介绍了碳基材料、合金材料、非金属单质、金属氧化物以及有机化合物等嵌钠性能及可能的嵌钠机理。探讨了这些材料目前所面临的主要问题及可能的解决策略,并对钠离子电池今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

钠离子电池硬炭负极材料的研究进展

钠离子电池凭借着丰富的钠资源、低廉的物料成本以及良好的低温性能等优势,在储能领域与锂离子电池兼容互补.因此,加速推进钠离子电池商业化可以降低锂资源供应风险,确保新能源行业的长期健康发展.由于钠离子的半径较大,而负极材料作为其插层的宿主材料,对相关的设计和发展要求则更高.目前,硬炭材料是公认的钠离子电池负极材料的理想选择之一,也是最有可能实现大规模商业化生产的负极材料.本文以钠离子电池商业化的瓶颈作为切入点,对硬炭的材料特点、储钠机理及功能化设计策略进行了综合评述.最后,对这一技术领域的未来发展和挑战进行了展望.     

掺杂对钠离子电池正极材料性能影响机制的研究

钠元素在地壳中的丰度是锂元素的1000倍,资源丰富,价格低廉。同时,钠离子电池负极可采用廉价的铝箔替代铜箔,且低温特性更加优异,在能量型、备用型储能场景均具有较好应用前景,因而钠离子电池被认为是下一代大规模储能技术的理想选择之一。然而,相对锂离子而言,钠离子较大的离子半径和质量极大限制了其在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌,导致电池的工作电压和能量密度相对较低。在钠离子电池材料体系中,正极材料的研究尤为需要长足的进步。本文对现有的典型钠离子电池正极材料进行了综述,包括层状金属氧化物、聚阴离子化合物和普鲁士蓝类化合物,并重点分析了掺杂对钠离子电池正极材料性能的影响。通过元素掺杂可提高材料的循环可逆性、增加其可逆容量、提升钠离子扩散动力学性能,能够在一定程度上改变晶格的性质,增强晶格稳定性、电子导电性、钠离子嵌脱动力学性能等。本文总结了掺杂应用在现有材料中获得的成果,并对正极材料未来的研究方向以及发展前景提出了展望。     

钠离子电池用碳负极材料研究进展

相较于目前主流的锂离子电池,钠离子电池成本相对较低,因而有望在未来大规模储能系统中获得重要应用,然而其实用化进程仍受制于缺少合适的正负极材料,特别是性能优异且实用化的负极材料.钠离子电池与锂离子电池具有相似的工作原理,但钠离子和锂离子在碳负极材料中的储存行为却有着很大的不同.总体而言,碳材料仍是目前最有望促进钠离子电池实用化的关键负极材料.本文系统总结并分析了目前已有碳材料中钠离子的储存机制,对负极材料的设计思路和研究进展进行了概述,着重阐述了商用化碳分子筛在钠离子电池中的实用化前景.最后,本文对钠离子电池中碳负极材料的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

基于P2-Na_(0.7)CoO_2微球的高性能钠离子电池正极材料

<正>钠具有资源丰富、价格低廉、环境友好以及与锂相似的电化学性质等特点。相比于锂离子电池,钠离子电池更适合应用于大规模储能,近年来得到了研究人员的广泛关注~(1,2)。目前,所研究的钠离子电池正极材料主要有层状金属氧化物、隧道型金属氧化物、普鲁士蓝类化合物和聚阴离子型化合物等。其中,层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料由于体系丰富、电化学活性     

《能源电化学材料》专辑序言

以电化学能量储存和转化为特点的电池、电容器等储能技术,正在信息通讯、新能源汽车、微电网、分布式发电、大型电力储能、智能电网等领域得到广泛应用,将有力推动能源互联网的快速发展. 作为储能核心技术之一的锂电池、钠电池与超级电容器,更加受到重视. 这些电化学储能装置的性能依赖于所使用的电极材料与结构等. 发展高能量密度、高功率密度和长循环寿命的低成本储能体系成为能源电化学材料研究的核心. 本专辑围绕锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池、超级电容器等,收录了在该领域具有丰富研究经验的团队所撰写的8篇相关综述和研究论文. 其中,围绕下一代锂离子电池负极硅材料,邀请了3篇综述和研究论文;鉴于丰富的钠资源,在钠离子电池研究方面也邀请了3篇综述论文;同时在高能量密度的锂硫电池和高功率密度的超级电容器方面各邀请1篇论文. 从这些论文中,可以部分看出锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池、超级电容器等能源电化学材料的研究进展. 希望借助此专辑的出版,能使广大读者更好地了解上述几类电池、电容器的研究现状,研究趋势和存在问题及挑战,为更深入地开展该领域研究提供参考,以推动我国能源电化学材料研究的进一步发展. 在此,对专辑的所有作者、审稿人及编辑部工作人员的辛勤劳动,表示最衷心的感谢！     

钠离子电池合金化负极材料研究及应用进展

钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、分布广泛、价格低廉的优势在大规模储能领域具有重要的应用前景,可与锂离子电池形成优势互补.负极材料是电池化学的关键组成,其能量密度、使用寿命等直接影响着电池性能.合金化材料具有理论比容量高、工作电压适宜等优势,被认为是一类有应用潜力的储钠负极.然而,这类材料发生合金化反应时体积膨胀严重,电极材料易粉化脱落,造成电化学稳定性欠佳.目前,主要通过材料微纳结构设计、界面化学调控、碳材料复合、表面包覆、电解液优化等方法来改善其电化学性能.本文综述了合金化负极材料的最新研究进展,探讨了其发展面临的瓶颈以及解决方案,介绍了基于合金化负极的钠离子全电池构筑策略和应用实例,为高性能钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.     

高比能钠离子电池预钠化技术研究进展

钠离子电池有望取代锂离子电池实现大规模储能应用。然而,储钠负极材料具有较低的初始库伦效率,制约了高比能钠离子电池的开发。预钠化技术被认为是补偿负极活性钠损失、提升电池能量密度的最直接有效的方法,对于钠离子电池的商业化应用具有重要意义。本文全面总结近年来预钠化技术的最新研究进展,包括短接法预钠化、电化学预钠化、钠金属物理预钠化、化学预钠化和正极补钠添加剂等,并从反应原理、安全性、可操作性、处理效率和可放大性等角度分析讨论现有各技术方案的优势及面临的挑战;着重介绍化学预钠化和正极补钠添加剂,这两类最具应用前景的预钠化技术的最新成果,进而从实用化角度深入探讨仍待解决的科学问题和技术难点。本文可为预钠化技术的进一步优化和高比能钠离子电池的开发提供思路。     

钠离子储能材料和器件

正锂离子电池由于其高的能量密度和功率密度被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动交通工具和航空航天等领域1。然而,锂资源在全球储量匮乏且分布不均以及储能市场需求的日益增加,阻碍锂离子电池的进一步发展。近年来,钠离子电池由于钠资源储量丰富、合适的电化学平台、低廉的价格以及与锂离子电池相似的储能机理,得到了研     

钠离子电池炭基负极材料研究进展

钠离子电池是目前新兴的低成本储能技术,因在大规模电化学储能中具有较好的应用前景而受到了国内外学者广泛的关注与研究。作为钠离子电池的关键电极材料之一,非石墨的炭质材料因具有储钠活性高、成本低廉、无毒无害等诸多优点,而被认为是钠离子电池实际应用时负极的最佳选择。本文详细综述了目前钠离子电池炭基负极材料的研究进展,重点介绍了炭质材料的储钠机理与特性,分析了炭材料结构与电化学性能之间的关系,探讨了其存在的问题,为钠离子电池炭基负极材料的发展提供有益的认识。     

钠离子电池微/纳结构电极材料研究

钠离子电池电极材料资源丰富,价格低廉. 然而,现阶段钠离子电池电极材料的性能还不理想,开发合适的电极材料是实现髙容量、长循环寿命钠离子电池的关键. 本文将以作者近期的研究工作为主,着重讨论几种微/纳米材料作为钠离子电池电极的性能及作用机理,并展望其今后的发展趋势.     

Recent Advances in Atomic-scale Storage Mechanism Studies of Two-dimensional Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-ion

Developing new types of rechargeable batteries with high energy densities and low cost have received increasing attentions, aiming to reduce the dependence on high-priced lithium. Beyond Li-ion batteries, the potential alternatives including Na-ion batteries, Li-S batteries and Li-air batteries have been investigated recently, which are required to be viable for commercial applications. From this point of view, to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics of these batteries has become the key challenge to make breakthroughs in the field of new energy storage. In this review, we present a critical overview of the two dimensional nanomaterials-based batteries (except Li-ion-based batteries) that could meet such demonds. To develop new energy storage devices with more promising performances, the microstructure evolution and atomic scale storage mechanism of these batteries are comprehensively summarized. In addition, the major challenges and opportunities of advanced characterization techniques are finally discussed. We do hope that this review will give the readers a clear and profound understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the as-discussed batteries, thus effectively contributing to the smart design of future-generation energy storage devices.     

Recent Advances in the Research of Photo-Assisted Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries

The application of solar energy is crucial for alleviating the energy crisis and achieving sustainable development. In recent years, photo-assisted rechargeable batteries have attracted researchers because they can directly convert and store solar energy in the batteries. And it also can be used like a normal battery without light illumination. Photo-assisted lithium-based batteries have received more attention than other energy storage systems due to their higher energy density and relatively mature development. This Review focuses on the design of various photo-assisted lithium-based batteries including Li-ion, Li-S, Li-O₂, Li-CO₂ and Li-I batteries, as well as the working mechanism of photoelectrodes in these battery systems. The basic understanding and challenge of photo-assisted lithium-based batteries are also discussed. At last, perspectives for the photoelectrode development are provided in the summary to advance photo-assisted energy storage systems.     

Process-Structure-Formulation Interactions for Enhanced Sodium Ion Battery Development: A Review

Before the viability of a cell formulation can be assessed for implementation in commercial sodium ion batteries, processes applied in cell production should be validated and optimized. This review summarizes the steps performed in constructing sodium ion (Na-ion) cells at research scale, highlighting parameters and techniques that are likely to impact measured cycling performance. Consistent process-structure-performance links have been established for typical lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells, which can guide hypotheses to test in Na-ion cells. Liquid electrolyte viscosity, sequence of mixing electrode slurries, rate of drying electrodes and cycling characteristics of formation were found critical to the reported capacity of laboratory cells. Based on the observed importance of processing to battery performance outcomes, the current focus on novel materials in Na-ion research should be balanced with deeper investigation into mechanistic changes of cell components during and after production, to better inform future designs of these promising batteries.     

Recent advances in electrospun electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been considered as an ideal choice for the next generation large-scale energy storage applications owing to the rich sodium resources and the analogous working principle to that of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Nevertheless,the larger size and heavier mass of Na⁺ion than those of Li⁺ion often lead to sluggish reaction kinetics and inferior cycling life in SIBs compared to the LIB counterparts.The pursuit of promising electrode materials that can accommodate the rapid and stable Na-ion insertion/extraction is the key to promoting the development of SIBs toward a commercial prosperity.One-dimensional(1 D)nanomaterials demonstrate great prospects in boosting the rate and cycling performances because of their large active surface areas,high endurance for deformation stress,short ions diffusion channels,and oriented electrons transfer paths.Electrospinning,as a versatile synthetic technology,features the advantages of controllable preparation,easy operation,and mass production,has been widely applied to fabricate the 1 D nanostructured electrode materials for SIBs.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the recent advances in the sodium-storage cathode and anode materials prepared by electrospinning,discuss the effects of modulating the spinning parameters on the materials’micro/nano-structures,and elucidate the structure-performance correlations of the tailored electrodes.Finally,the future directions to harvest more breakthroughs in electrospun Na-storage materials are pointed out.     

Insights on the mechanism of Na-ion storage in expanded graphite anode

Currently,Na-ion battery(NIB) has become one of the most potential alternatives for Li-ion batteries due to the safety and low cost.As a promising anode for Na-ion storage,expanded graphite has attracted considerable attention.However,the sodiation-desodiation process is still unclear.In our work,we obtain expanded graphite through slight modified Hummer's method and subsequent thermal treatment,which exhibits excellent cycling stability.Even at a high current density of 1 A g^-1,our expanded graphite still remains a high reversible capacity of 100 mA h g^-1 after 2600 cycles.Furthermore,we also investigate the electrochemical mechanism of our expanded graphite for Na-ion storage by operando Raman technique,which illuminate the electrochemical reaction during different sodiation-desodiation processes.     

Two-dimensional 1T-PS2 as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries with ultra-high capacity,low average voltage and appropriate mobility

As electrodes, two-dimensional materials show special advantages including the infinite planar lengths, broad electrochemical window, large surface–volume ratio, and much exposed active sites. In theory, the two-dimensional materials consist of the elements with high electronegativity may absorb more Na atoms, resulting in a high battery storage capacity. Based on the above idea, we selected the two dimensional metallic PS₂ with 1T-Type structure as an anode material, and explored its potential applications as an electrode material for Na-ion battery through first-principle calculations. As we expected, when two dimensional PS₂ is used as an anode in Na-ion battery, it can adsorb maximum three layers of sodium atoms on both sides of the monolayer, resulting in a maximum theoretical capacity of 1692 mAh/g. Furthermore, it also possesses a rather small sodium diffusion barrier of 0.17 eV, a low average open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V, and a relatively small lattice changes within 13% during the intercalation of Na. These results suggested that the two dimensional PS₂ is a potentially excellent Na-ion battery anode. Our idea of designing two-dimensional anode materials with high storage capacity may provide some references for designing the next generation anode materials of metal-ion batteries.     

Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide as Diffusion-Less Electrode Material for High-Rate Organic Na-Ion Batteries

In this work 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) is investigated as electrode material for organic Na-ion batteries. Since PTCDI is a widely used industrial pigment, it may turn out to be a cost-effective, abundant, and environmentally benign cathode material for secondary Na-ion batteries. Among other carbonyl pigments, PTCDI is especially interesting due to its high Na-storage capacity in combination with remarkable high rate capabilities. The detailed analysis of cyclic voltammetry measurements reveals a diffusion-less mechanism, suggesting that Na-ion storage in the PTCDI film allows for exceptionally fast charging/discharging rates. This finding is further corroborated by galvanostatic sodiation measurements at high rates of 17 C (2.3 A g⁻¹), showing that 57 % of the theoretically possible capacity of PTCDI, or 78 mAh g⁻¹, are attained in only 3.5 min charging time.     

Disordered carbon anodes for Na-ion batteries—quo vadis?

Na-ion batteries(NIBs) are gradually attracting much attention as an alternative to lead-acid batteries and supplement to Li-ion batteries(LIBs) owing to the abundant Na resources and excellent cost-effectiveness. Since the most commonly used graphite as an anode material in LIBs cannot be inherently used in NIBs, tremendous efforts have been made to advance the fundamental understanding and design of suitable anode materials for NIBs, including the improvement of Na storage capacity and the study on Na storage mechanisms. According to all these studies, disordered carbons are now the most promising anode candidates for NIBs. In this review, we discuss the current challenges and remaining problems to be solved in the area of disordered carbon anode materials for NIBs and provide future insights and research directions.