Der Einfluss der Beimengungen von Elementen der II. Gruppe auf die Thermolumineszenz von durch Kupfer und Silber aktivierten Natriumchlorid-kristallen

Zusammenfassung Der Artikel fa\t die Versuchsergebnisse über den Einflu\ von Beimengungen der II. Gruppe auf die spektrale Zusammensetzung der Thermolumineszenz von durch Kupfer oder Silber aktivierten Natriumchlorid-Kristallen zusammen. Ferner werden die VerÄnderungen angeführt, die in der spektralen Zusammensetzung dieser Lumineszenz als Folgeerscheinung einer Temperung der untersuchten Kristalle eintreten.

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II NaCl,

II NaCl, . , , .

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Ich danke Dr. A. Bohun für das Interesse, das er dieser Arbeit entgegengebracht hat, und für die wertvollen Diskussionen, in denen er ihre Richtung beeinflu\te.     

The use of the kramers-kronig relations in determining optical constants

The paper discusses some of the ways in which to avoid difficulties in applying dispersion relations to experimental data of the optical constants of solids, particularly with regard to measurements in a narrow frequency range.

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-

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Configuration mixing and deviations of magnetic moments from Schmidt lines

Deviations of nuclear magnetic moments of oddA nuclei from the Schmidt lines are explained by configuration mixing. The general results obtained are applied to several nuclei and the magnitudes of the admixture coefficients necessary to explain the deviations are estimated. The results show that the deviations can be successfully explained only for those nuclei, in which possible configuration admixtures give contributions to the magnetic moment linear in the admixture coefficient.

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A . , . , , , .

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This work was done as a diploma thesis at the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics, Technical University, Prague.

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In conclusion I want to thank Dr. L. Trlifaj for suggesting this subject and for his guidance in its realization.     

The quantum theory of the spontaneous magnetization of ferrimagnetics,anti-ferromagnetics and thin films with arbitrary spin at high temperatures

Using Van Vleck's modification of the Heisenberg theory of ferro-magnetism for substances with arbitrary spin per atom, a generalization of the theory is given for the case of ferrimagnetics, anti-ferromagnetics and thin films with an arbitrary number of sub-lattices and with arbitrary spin per atom. The exchange part of the energy operator is formulated by means of rotated spin operators. The theory contains the quantum-mechanical generalization of non-quantum theories given by Néel and later generalized by Yafet and Kittel. It also contains the theory of thin films proposed recently by the author. The magnetization laws are completely analogous to the relations derived from the theory of molecular fields. The constants of the molecular fields are interpreted by means of exchange integrals. For the special case of spin S=1/2the theory agrees with the results of the work of Vlasov and Imuchametov for ferrimagnetics and anti-ferromagnetics and with the author's for thin films.

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,

, , , . . - , . , . , . . S=1/2 .

     

The effect of the orientation of zinc single crystals and of the rate of growth on the direction of cell substructure

The effect of the orientation of zinc single crystals and the rate of growth on the direction of the formation of cellular substructure is observed. A model accounting for the observed dependences is proposed.

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. .

     

An interpretation of the conditions for the existence of Shockley surface states

A study is made of the Shockley surface states in a linear chain of equal atoms, joined by alternately strong bonds. If the simple MO LCAO method is used, which considers the exchange integrals between nearest neighbours and next nearest neighbours, we get the surface states for a semi-infinite chain if the stronger bond is interrupted. The connection between Shockley and Tamm surface states is shown and the hypothesis is put forward that the condition for the existence of Shockley surface states has a generally simple physical interpretation, the validity of which is proved on the models of a semi-infinite crystal studied up to now.

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, . MO LCAO, , , . , , , .

     

ЗАТУХАНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЧАСТИЦ В ОБЩЕМ ПОЛЕ С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ I

, , . , . .

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The damping of particle oscillations in a general field with periodic structure I

A liner theory is derived, discussing the dynamics of particles in the region of an equilibrium orbit in a general electromagnetic field, which forms a periodic system. The total particle damping is determined from the Hamiltonian found and from dissipative forces brought out by a classical reaction radiation. Relations for the damping of the synchrotron oscillations are derived from the study of the appropriate phase space.

     

Theory of ferromagnetic resonance line shape in insulators

The paper discusses the absorption of the energy of a high-frequency field by a magnetic sample from the point of view of the interaction of spin waves with photons and spin waves amongst themselves. A general expression for the form of the absorption curve is derived, using the method known from the quantum theory of radiation and assuming very weak fields.

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. , , .

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The author thanks S. Krupika, Candidate of Sciences, for the exceptional interest taken in this work, for advice and a number of helpful and critical remarks.     

The complex conductivity of the plasma of a d-c glow discharge in Ne

In paper [1] Fang derived an expression for the complex conductivity of plasma assuming that the distribution function of the electrons is Maxwellian and the collision frequency is directly proportional to their velocity. Since the assumptions are approximately satisfied in the positive column of a d-c glow discharge in Ne, the applicability of Fang's relation is investigated for this case.

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[1] , . , .

     

The influence of a small electric perturbation on the electroluminescence curve of ZnS-Cu

The influence of a small electric perturbation of variable phase on the brightness wave of alternating electroluminescence of ZnS-Cu is investigated. The results are compared with the model described in [1]. The increase in the number of ionized activators after switching on the electric field is studied and is found to reach equilibrium. after about 50 to 150 sec.

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ZnS-Cu

ZnS-Cu. , [1]. , 50–150 s.

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In conclusion the author thanks M. Mokonová for cooperation in evaluating the results of measurement.     

An attempt at a phenomenological interpretation of the influence of a polarizing field on piezoelectric resonators

The change in frequency of quartz piezoelectric resonators in a d-c electric polarizing field cannot be explained merely by a change in the dimensions of the resonator due to the polarizing field caused by the inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostriction. We are forced to admit that the elastic constants also change in a polarizing field. A phenomenological interpretation of the influence of a d-c electric polarizing field on the frequency of quartz resonators is proposed here, based on newly introduced quantities characterizing such a change. In conclusion it is shown in what way the quantities, on which the phenomenological theory is based, can be determined experimentally.

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, . , . , , . , , .

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The author would like to thank Dr. J. Tichý for carefully reading the paper, for valuable discussion and numerous remarks on style and subject matter, which greatly helped to improve the text. He is also indebted to V. Janovec, C. Sc., for some new aspects and the exceptional interest with which he reviewed the paper.     

Monochromator unit with high resolving power

The paper describes a double-crystal monochromator unit. The influence of vertical divergence of the beam on the luminosity and degree of monochromatization is discussed in detail and experimentally proved. Finally, the author shows how to apply a double-crystal monochromator unit (using analyzing crystals of germanium (111)) in fluorescent X-ray emission analysis, especially for an X-ray quantometer.

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. . ( (111)) , .

     

On the determination of the position of the energy level of surface recombination centres

A detailed analysis of the dependence of the surface recombination velocitys on the surface potential _s leads to the conclusion that the position of the surface recombination level with respect to the centre of the energy gapE _t -E _i does not coincide with the valueq _s *, while the surface recombination velocitys decreases to half its maximum value. The difference between the two quantities is negligible only when the width of the curves( _s ) between the points corresponding to the valuess=1/2s _max is greater than 8kT.

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s _s , E _t -E _{i s} , s . , s( _s ) , s=1/2s _max, 8kT.

     

Zur Abhängigkeit der Wärmeleitzahl von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten vom Druck und von der Temperatur

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Change in primary extinction of X-rays in solid solution of NaCl-CdCl2

The Suzuki model of regions with a hyperstructure was verified, the dependence of their size on the cooling rate was found and it was determined that they disappear at temperatures between 250° and 300°C according to their composition. Up to 1000 Å their structure is coherent with a matrix lattice and their formation is not accompanied by a decrease in the primary extinction. Regions above 1000 Å are partially incoherent and their formation and disappearance are apparent by a change in the primary extinction.

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NaCl-CdCl₂

, , , 250°–300°C . , 1000 Å, . , 1000 Å, .

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The author would like to thank I. Kunzlová, and M. Lébl for preparing the crystals of NaCl-CdCl₂ solid solution and Dr. Trnka for determining the cadmium Concentration in them.     

A contribution to direct processes in the Co59(p,n) reaction forE p ∼ 6·5 MeV

Nuclear emulsions were used to study the energy spectrum and forward-backward asymmetry of neutrons from the Co⁵⁹(p,n) reaction forE _p 6·5 MeV. It was found that the decay of the compound nucleus makes a maximum contribution of 50% to the reaction yield. Energies of some excited states of the Ni⁵⁹ nucleus were also determined.

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Co⁵⁹(p,n) E _p 6,5 MeV

- Co⁵⁹(p,n) E _p 6,5 MeV. , 50%. , Ni⁵⁹.

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The authors would like to thank all those who helped in this work, particularly all members of the cyclotron group of the Nuclear Research Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, who so willingly helped with the irradiation, and H. Koutová from the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics, who carefully measured the emulsions. Our thanks are also due to R. Krejová from the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics for developing the emulsions and J. Kopecký from the Nuclear Research Institute for providing the cobalt target.     

Die halbleitende Vebbindung SiTe

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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SiTe

     

The scattering of waves by a periodic surface

The paper derives a general formula for the scattering of electromagnetic (or sound) waves from a periodic, perfectly conducting (or perfectly rigid) surface. No restrictions are imposed on the angle of incidence, the size of the surface or the degree of roughness. Except for the basic Kirchhoff approximation, the method is exact. The results confirm, generalise or correct special cases obtained by more complicated methods.

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, ( ) . , . . , , .

     

Der Einfluss von Fremdstoffgehalt auf einige Kenngrössen der Verfestigungskurven von Zinkeinkristallen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß von Fremdstoffgehalt: auf die kritische Schubspannung ₀, den Verfestigungskoeffizient _A im BereichA der Verfestigungskurve; die Längea _A des BereichsA, und die Schubspannung _A am Ende des BereichsA, von Zinkeinkristallen untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß der Einfluß von Fremdstoffgehalt auf den Wert der kritischen Schubspannung vorwiegend indirekter Natur ist. Die Abnahme des Verfestigungskoeffizienten mit zunehmendem Fremdstoffgehalt kann an Hand erhöhter Leerstellenkonzentration erklärt werden. Das Auftreten des BereichsB wird im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung von Frankschen Halbversetzungen erwogen.

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₀, _A , _A . , . . .

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Herrn P. Sirotek bin ich für den Umbau und die Instandsetzung des Polanyiaparates zu Dank verpflichtet. Mein Dank gehört ferner Herrn J. Voráek, für die präzise Durchführung der polarographischen Analysen, Frau I. Ejemová und M. Postránecká, für die Verrichtung der Orientierungsbestimmungen und Rechenarbeiten. Gleichzeitig möchte ich Frl. Svobodová meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen — sie hat, auf Anregung des Lehrstuhls für mathematische Statistik an der mathematisch-physikalischen Fakultät der Karlsuniversität in Prag, mit großem Verständnis die statistische Auswertung der Meßergebnisse durchgeführt. Herrn Dr. F. Kroupa und Ing. B. esták bin ich für das Durchlesen des Manuskripts sowie wertvolle Hinweise zu Dank verpflichtet. Mein besonderer Dank für zahlreiche fruchtbare Diskussionen und Anregungen gilt Herrn P. Kratochvíl. Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Seeger danke ich ganz besonders für Kritik des Manuskripts und wertvolle Ratschläge.     

Die Abhängigkeit der Banddurchbiegung von der Lage der Stufenversetzung

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Lösung des Spanungszustandes im unendlichen Band mit einer lotrecht zur Bandebene stehenden Stufenversetzung und mit einem Burgerschen Vektor, der parallel mit der Bandachse verläuft, unter der Voraussetzung der klassischen mathematischen Elastizitätstheorie wiedergegeben. Weiter wird der Ausdruck für die Gesamtdurchbiegung des Bandes in Abhängigkeit von der Lage der Versetzung und für die Durchbiegung bei einer allgemeinen Verteilung der Versetzungen, die durch eine kontinuierliche Verteilung approximiert ist, abgeleitet.

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, , . , .

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Für die wertvolle Diskussion und einige Hinweise danke ich dem Kollegen Jan Kaczér, für das Lektorieren der Arbeit dem Kollegen Bohdan esták.