甲醇-正己烷和甲醇-环己烷溶液构型的分子模拟

用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ分子模拟方法研究了不同温度条件下甲醇－正已烷、甲醇－环已烷溶液体系微观结构的变化情况。模拟表明，无论是甲醇－正已烷体系，还是甲醇－环已体系，在其溶液的近临界区，甲醇周围溶剂介质的密度最小，而甲醇分子之间的积聚最为明显。通过对氢健分析的结果表明，在溶液临界区，氢键作用与非氢键作用的距离不可区分。     

亚临界和超临界二氧化碳-甲醇混合气相及液相区中甲醇核磁弛豫速率比较研究

用核磁共振氢谱测量了不同温度（293.15和308.15 K）及压力高达25 MPa下二氧化碳-甲醇混合气相（超临界）及液相区（亚临界）中甲醇（羟基及甲基）的纵向弛豫时间T_1,exp。本工作的目的是考察近临界区二氧化碳-甲醇混合物的压力、温度及组成对甲醇弛豫速率的影响,揭示混合物不同相区（气相及液相区）中自旋-晶格弛豫（SLR）过程的机理。此外,还对比研究了等温条件下超临界和亚临界混合气相及液相区中甲醇的SLR速率1/T_1,exp随混合物密度的变化规律。研究发现,在本工作所涉及的温度及压力区间,对于纯甲醇或液相区其SLR过程是以偶极-偶极（DD）作用机理为主导,而在气相区SLR过程则是以自旋-转动（SR）作用机理占优势,也即,超临界和亚临界二氧化碳-甲醇混合物的SLR过程在不同相区有不同的作用机理控制。由于甲醇的SLR弛豫速率1/T_1,exp是由甲醇分子间及分子内的DD作用和SR作用三部分共同决定的,所以研究超临界和亚临界二氧化碳-甲醇混合物的SLR弛豫速率随压力、浓度及温度的变化规律有助于提供更多该混合物不同相态区分子间相互作用的动态学信息。     

聚酯在超临界甲醇中的降解特性

研究在间歇高压反应器中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)及聚碳酸酯(PC)在超临界甲醇中的降解反应;通过建立聚酯在超临界甲醇中的降解反应模型,探讨了聚酯在甲醇中降解的机理。结果表明:PET、PBT和PC在甲醇溶液中的降解具有共性,均可分为超临界区、非临界区和中间过渡区三个区域。在超临界区聚酯完全溶于甲醇并降解为原料单体,且对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的收率均大于90%;聚酯的降解是在聚合物分子链的无规断裂和聚酯进行酯交换反应的双重作用下发生的。     

H-ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比对其催化的甲醇转化丙烯选择性的影响

本研究合成了一系列硅铝比不同（SiO₂/Al₂O₃=50-4000），但晶粒粒径相近的ZSM-5分子筛，并考察了硅铝比对甲醇转化反应丙烯选择性的影响。采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD和Py-FTIR方法对合成的HZSM-5分子筛进行物化性质表征。实验结果表明，随着硅铝比的增大，初始甲醇转化率降低，其中，硅铝比为50-1600的样品可以实现甲醇的完全转化。在甲醇完全转化的条件下，随着硅铝比的增大，丙烯选择性单调增加，从机理角度出发，揭示了甲醇转化制丙烯反应中，甲基化/裂化循环相较于甲基化/脱烷基化循环进行程度更大。此外，本研究提出了在甲醇完全转化条件下，保证最大丙烯选择性所需要的临界酸密度值（[AS]_S），当甲醇进料量为0.162g/min时，该临界值为0.175μmol/m²。     

甲醇与不同碳链烷烃在超临界条件下溶液构型的分子模拟

用Montecarlo分子模拟方法,研究了甲醇与不同碳链的正构烷烃组成的不同浓度的溶液在超临界条件下的构型特征。模拟采用TIP势能函数,使用随机边界条件。模拟结果表明,在不同浓度的溶液中,甲醇周围烷烃介质的分布密度基本上相同,而对于不同介质中甲醇分子之间的积聚行为,不同浓度的溶液表现出不同的特点。当甲醇浓度较低时,甲醇在正戊烷、正己烷介质中形成团聚的程度最大,随着甲醇浓度的提高,甲醇分子之间的团聚趋弱。介质烷烃分子之间的积聚,基本上表现为:碳链越长,分子之间的团聚越加明显,而且,随着烷烃分子的浓度减小,这种趋势愈加明显。     

某些非极性和极性溶质在苯和甲醇及二者混合物中的偏摩尔体积V0, 298.15 K

密度法测定了298.15 K下乙醇、环己烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、四氯化碳、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜在甲醇或苯及两者混合物中的无限稀释偏摩尔体积. 密度测定所用溶液中溶质的浓度范围是0.2一1.5 m; 甲醇和苯混合物是全组成比范围. 溶质偏摩尔体积随甲醇-苯组成比的变化趋势反映了几种分子间相互作用结果即三种分子间物理型分子间相互作用; 溶质与甲醇分子氢键缔合相互作用; 溶质同甲醇或苯的弱络合作用。     

某些非极性和极性溶质在苯和甲醇及二者混合物中的偏摩尔体积V~0,298.15K

密度法测定了298.15K下乙醇、环己烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、四氯化碳、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜在甲醇或苯及两者混合物中的无限稀释偏摩尔体积.密度测定所用溶液中溶质的浓度范围是0.2一1.5m;甲醇和苯混合物是全组成比范围.溶质偏摩尔体积随甲醇-苯组成比的变化趋势反映了几种分子间相互作用结果即三种分子间物理型分子间相互作用;溶质与甲醇分子氢键缔合相互作用;溶质同甲醇或苯的弱络合作用。     

PNIPA和PDEA在水-甲醇混合溶剂中性质的研究

分别研究了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPA）和聚N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺（PDEA）在水-甲醇混合溶剂中的溶液性质.结果表明,在PDEA和PNIPA体系中均存在水和甲醇分子之间的复合.由于PDEA比PNIPA的亲脂性强,在水-甲醇混合溶剂中,水与甲醇分子形成的复合物对PDEA和PNIPA的溶剂化作用不同,导致随着体系中甲醇体积分数（φ）的增大,PNIPA体系的低临界溶解温度（TLCS）发生了再进入相转变,而PDEA体系的TLCS则逐渐升高.     

聚异丙基丙烯酰胺高分子在甲醇水溶液中溶解性的拉曼光谱研究

通过测量-13℃(低于低临界溶解温度(LCST))时聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)高分子在甲醇水溶液中的拉曼光谱非一致效应(NCE),试图从PNIPAM与溶剂分子间的相互作用角度理解PNIPAM的溶解性.通过比较甲醇水溶液中加入PNIPAM前后甲醇分子C-O伸缩所对应的NCE变化,我们认为:甲醇摩尔分数(x)在1.0-0.90范围内,PNIPAM优先吸附甲醇分子;x=0.80-0.50时,PNIPAM优先吸附水分子;而x=0.50-0.20时,PNIPAM破坏了甲醇与水所形成的三元环稳定结构.进一步比较加入PNIPAM或其单元结构--异丙基丙酰胺(NIPPA)对甲醇水溶液NCE的影响,发现PNIPAM通过链段间的疏水协同作用吸附了甲醇分子.我们认为在甲醇水溶液的低浓度区间,这种协同作用破坏了甲醇与水形成的三元环团簇结构,而当温度升高时这种结构又重新形成,导致了PNIPAM在甲醇水溶液中的混致不溶现象.     

超临界正己烷甲醇溶液体系的 Monte Carlo 模拟──浓度对溶液构型影响的考察

用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ分子模拟方法对正己烷－甲醇溶液体系处于临界状态时微观结构随浓度变化的情况进行了研究。模拟采用随机边界条件，得到了不同浓度条件下体系各基团的径向分布函数。结果表明，在溶液临界状态，正己烷分子有较强的聚集行为，随着溶液中甲醇浓度的变大，正己烷分子的聚集程度逐渐下降；甲醇分子周围正己烷分子的分布有一个最佳的浓度范围，在甲醇浓度为２２．５％时，配位数达到最大；超临界正己烷－甲醇溶液中甲醇分子的作用在不同浓度条件下具有不同的特点，当甲醇浓度较低时，甲醇分子之间有氢键的作用，随着甲醇浓度的提高，甲醇分子之间氢键的作用变得越来越弱，而且分子的取向变得越来越无序。     

Polymer chain conformation in the phase separation process of a binary liquid mixture

A polymer chain conformation change near the critical point of liquid-liquid phase separation was investigated. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) labeled with a small amount of carbazolyl group for a fluorophore (P(NIPA-Cz)) was prepared. A ternary system of P(NIPA-Cz)+cyclohexane+methanol was investigated by the fluorescence spectroscopic technique. A mixed solvent of cyclohexane+methanol (CH/MeOH) shows phase separation at the upper critical solution temperature. Light scattering intensity, fluorescence emission intensity and fluorescence anisotropy ratio, as a function of temperature, were measured with quasi statically approaching to the critical demixing point. The fluorescence intensity of the carbazolyl groups attached to the polymer chain decreases with approaching to the critical temperature. This result suggests that the radius of gyration of the polymer decreases upon approaching to the critical demixing point of the solvent. We discuss the collapse and aggregation processes of the polymer based on the fluorescence quenching method. The rotational diffusion coefficient of carbazolyl groups attached to the polymer chain was estimated by the fluorescence depolarization technique. The rotational motion of carbazolyl groups is slowed down upon approaching the critical point.     

Critical and phase-equilibrium properties of an ab initio based potential model of methanol and 1-propanol using two-phase molecular dynamics simulations

Two-phase molecular dynamics simulations employing a Monte Carlo volume sampling method were performed using an ab initio based force field model parameterized to reproduce quantum-mechanical dimer energies for methanol and 1-propanol at temperatures approaching the critical temperature. The intermolecular potential models were used to obtain the binodal vapor-liquid phase dome at temperatures to within about 10 K of the critical temperature. The efficacy of two all-atom, site-site pair potential models, developed solely from the energy landscape obtained from high-level ab initio pair interactions, was tested for the first time. The first model was regressed from the ab initio landscape without point charges using a modified Morse potential to model the complete interactions; the second model included point charges to separate Coulombic and dispersion interactions. Both models produced equivalent phase domes and critical loci. The model results for the critical temperature, density, and pressure, in addition to the sub-critical equilibrium vapor and liquid densities and vapor pressures, are compared to experimental data. The model's critical temperature for methanol is 77 K too high while that for 1-propanol is 80 K too low, but the critical densities are in good agreement. These differences are likely attributable to the lack of multi-body interactions in the true pair potential models used here.     

Henry's law constants of propane,propene, butane,and 2-methylpropane in methanol at 374–490 K

Henry's law constants of propane, propene, butane, and 2-methylpropane in methanol in the temperature range of 374–490 K are experimentally obtained. A similar method to a gas stripping method is applied to measure the Henry's law constants at high temperatures up to the critical point of methanol. The rigorous formula for evaluating the Henry's law constants from these measurements is applied to the data reduction for these highly volatile mixtures. By using this formula, the effect of the vapor space of the cell is discussed. The plot of Henry's law constants versus temperature goes through a maximum and approaches an unique point at the critical temperature of methanol. The fugacity coefficient of the solute in the vapor phase at infinite dilution and the infinite dilution activity coefficient of the solute in liquid phase are evaluated from these experimental data.     

Ab initio studies of methanol, methanethiol and methylamine dimer

Quantum chemical calculations are used to provide structural, vibrational and energetical information on the dimers of the methanol, methylamine and methanethiol systems. These systems were studied employing the DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 methods together with the 6-31+G^** and 6-311+G^** basis sets. We found two distinct potential minima for methylamine (one of them is a transition structure) and methanethiol, and one for the methanol dimer. The properties of these dimers are compared with those of the dimers (H₂O)₂, (NH₃)₂ and (CH₃SH)₂. The interactions in these dimers were analyzed using electron density properties at the bond critical point.     

Study on Phase Equilibrium Properties for CO_(2+) Cosolvent Binary Systems

Recently, the application of supercritical fluid technology is very interested, and it is applied in many areas for its special properties. The performance of supercritical fluid (SCF) as a solvent can be greatly affected by addition of an entrainer to the system. An entrainer can be added to a supercritical fluid to enhance its solvent strength and/or selectivity. Critical point data for these dilute supercritical fluid-cosolvent systems are imperative for the design of efficient separation …     

超临界二氧化碳二元体系相平衡性质的研究

采用固定体积可视观察法测定了CO₂+甲苯、CO₂+环己烷、CO₂+正丁醛、CO₂+异丁醛、CO₂+甲醇及CO₂+乙醇二元体系的临界点性质,为超临界萃取和化学反应提供基础数据.在对二元体系相行为与单组分超临界相行为进行比较的基础上,对不同化学物质及不同配比的二元体系临界点与二氧化碳临界点之间的关系进行了讨论.     

THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE SOLUTION

This paper presents our work on the rheological properties of the solution of polyaniline(PAn) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The result s indicate that the solution's non-Newtonian property becomes more prominent with the increase in solution-oncentration,exhibiting the behavior of pseudo-plastic fluid. Besides, there is a critical concentration C.(around 0.06 g/ml), beyond which the viscosity of the PAn/NMP solution takes a suddenincrease. With temperature rising, both the viscosity and the thixotropy of the solutiondecrease, implying that there exist physical cross-linking interactions between the molecularchains in the solution.     

Study of H-bond characteristics in sub- and supercritical methanol

Classical molecular dynamics simulations of various methanol phase lines near the saturation curve and the critical point have been performed to study the changes in H-bonded clusters structure at transition of methanol to supercritical state. Analysis of H-bonds statistics with combined distance-energy H-bond criterion showed that the correlations between topological characteristics of H-bonds and the mole fraction of H-bonded molecules have unique functional representation despite the phase path applied. In the present study, an attempt has been also made to evaluate the degree of hydrogen bonding by combining the DFT computations on classical MD configurations with the natural bond orbital analysis of the waves functions obtained.     

Mayer-sampling Monte Carlo calculations of uniquely flexible contributions to virial coefficients

We present methods for computing contributions to the virial coefficients uniquely associated with molecular flexibility, and we demonstrate their use with application to the third, fourth, and fifth virial coefficients of united-atom models of linear alkanes and methanol belonging to the suite of transferrable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE-UA). We find that these uniquely flexible contributions are more difficult to compute than the remainder of the coefficient, especially for the conditions at which they appear to be most important. The significance of these contributions relative to the full virial coefficient grows with the number of sites (the size of the molecule), the number of molecules, and, to a certain extent, the temperature. The nature of the site-site interactions is of great importance: the significance of the uniquely flexible contribution at third and fourth order is orders of magnitude larger for TraPPE-UA methanol, which has Coulombic interactions, than for TraPPE-UA propane, which does not, even though both models have three sites per molecule and comparable bending potentials. While the uniquely flexible contribution of TraPPE-UA propane has a negligible impact on its third-order virial-equation-of-state estimate of the critical point, the uniquely flexible contribution of TraPPE-UA methanol increases this estimate of its critical pressure by about 5%.