Effects of Atomic Centre-of-mass Motion in T-C Model

ＥｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＡｔｏｍｉｃＣｅｎｔｒｅｏｆｍａｓＭｏｔｉｏｎｉｎＴＣＭｏｄｅｌＸ．Ｘ．Ｙｉ１，３）Ｔ．Ｊｉｎｇ２）Ｊ．Ｃ．Ｓｕ３）（１）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

存在缓冲气体的Na—Cs混合蒸汽中的三体碰撞

Ｎａ－Ｃｓ混合蒸汽中的碰撞能量合并已在［２］中研究过。当在池中充入缓冲气体后，碰撞过程出现新的特点，缓冲气体增大了Ｎａ（３Ｐ）和Ｃｓ（６Ｓ）间的能量转移，这可从测量由Ｎａ（３Ｐ）／Ｃｓ（６Ｐ）和Ｃｓ（６Ｐ）／Ｃｓ（５Ｄ）碰撞而被布居的高能级所发射的荧光得到证实。得到三体碰撞速率系数ｋ３＝５．９×１０－２７ｃｍ６ｓ－１。     

1MeVSi~＋衬底加温注入Al＿（0．3）Ga＿（0．7）As／GaAs超晶格和GaAs的晶格损伤研究

用卢瑟福背散射／沟道技术研究了１ＭｅＶＳｉ￣＋在衬底加温和室温下以不同剂量注入Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ后的晶格损伤。在衬底加温下，观察到Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇａ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ都存在一个动态退火速率与缺陷产生速率相平衡的剂量范围，以及两种速率失去平衡的临界剂量。超晶格比ＧａＡｓ更难以损伤，并且它的两种速率失去平衡的临界剂量也大于ＧａＡｓ中的相应临界剂量，用热尖峰与碰撞模型解释了晶格损伤积累与注入剂量和衬底温度的关系。用ＣＮＤＯ／２量子化学方法计算了ＧａＡｓ和Ａｌ＿ｘＧａ＿（１－ｘ）Ａｓ中化学键的相对强度，并根据计算结果解释了注入过程中Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇａ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ中晶格损伤程度的差别。     

中国物理学家（1900—1959年）的贡献（三）

中国物理学家（１９００—１９５９年）的贡献（三）吴水清（中国科学院高能所北京１００３９）３．５４霍秉权于３０年代初，随Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ制造云室，对镭系的β谱进行研究．３．５５熊子敬于１９３４年对宇宙射线的微粒假说作出符合验证．３．５６胡乾善、...     

铝一价离子AlⅡ高激发态能级的研究

利用多通道量子数亏损理论（ＭＱＤＴ）对ＡｌⅡ离子的两个ＭＱＤＴ模型进行了计算，预言了３ｓｎｓ＾３Ｓ１（ｎ〈４０），３ｓｎｄ＾３Ｓ１（ｎ〈４０），３ｓｎｆ＾３Ｆ３（ｎ〈８０）三个序列的未知能级，讨论了双激发态对主序列以及主序列之间的干扰情况。     

Low Threshold Self-frequency Doubling Green Laser Operation of Nd∶YCOB

５％ａｎｄ７％Ｎｄ∶Ｃａ４ＹＯ（ＢＯ３）３（Ｎｄ∶ＹＣＯＢ）ｗａｓｇｒｏｗｎｂｙＣｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉｍｅｔｈｏｄ．Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｌｉｎｅａｒｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｃｒｙｓｔａｌ,ａｎｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆ...     

在He和Ne的流动余辉中POCl3的解离动力学

本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态原子Ｈｅ（２＾３ｓ）和Ｎｅ（＾３ｐ０．２）与ＰＯＣｌ３分子的传能反应，获得了激发态碎片ＰＯ（Ａ）和ＰＯ（Ｂ）的发射光谱，测定了Ｈｅ（２＾３ｓ）与ＰＯＣｌ３反应中ＰＯ（Ａ）和ＰＯ（Ｂ）的形成速率常数，其数值分别为：ＫＰＯ（Ａ）＝３．６８×１０＾－１１ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ＾－１Ｓ＾－１和ＫＰＯ（Ｂ）＝９．４０×１０＾－１１ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ＾－１·Ｓ＾－１     

Design of Metal-clad Ti: LiNbO_3 Polarizer

ＤｅｓｉｇｎｏｆＭｅｔａｌ－ｃｌａｄＴｉ：ＬｉＮｂＯ＿３ＰｏｌａｒｉｚｅｒＨＵＨ．Ｚ．，ＣＨＥＮＧＧ．（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆａｐｐｌｉｅｄＰｙｓｉｃｓ，ＴｉａｎｊｉｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３０００７２，Ｃｈｉｎａ）ＧＥＮＦ；ＳＯＮＧ...     

PGBs对高能e~＋e~－湮没产生顶夸克对的单圈量子效应

在一代Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｏｌｏｒ（ＴＣ）模型中计算了ＰＧＢｓ（ＰｓｅｕｄｏＧｏｌｄｅｎｓｔｏｎｅＢｏｓｏｎｓ）对高能ｅ＋ｅ－→ｔｔ过程的单圈量子效应．给出了重整化的形状因子和矩阵元．计算了ＰＧＢｓ对总截面前后不对称参数ＡＦＢ和左右不对称参数ＡＬＲ的虚贡献，结果表明选取适当的参数值，新物理对以上可测量的贡献最大分别可达：－１２．３％、－３．３％和－１１．７％．在下一代对撞机上这一理论结果能为ＴＣ理论打开实验的窗口．同样的计算表明ＰＧＢｓ对ｅ＋ｅ－→ｂｂ过程的单圈贡献小于－１．０％．     

铝一价离子A1 Ⅱ高激发态能级的研究

利用多通道量子数亏损理论（ＭＱＤＴ）对Ａ１Ⅱ离子的两个ＭＱＤＴ模型进行了计算，预言了３ｓｎｓ３Ｓ１（ｎ＜４０）、３ｓｎｄ３Ｓ１（ｎ＜４０）、３ｓｎｆ３Ｆ３（ｎ＜８０）、三个主序列的未知能级，讨论了双激发态对主序列以及主序列之间的干扰情况。     

猪粪堆肥过程中水溶性有机物结构演变特征

水溶性有机物(DOM)所在的固-液交界面是化学反应和微生物活动最活跃的部分。DOM中存在具有氧化还原作用的含氧芳香性官能团,使得DOM能影响有机污染物和重金属污染物迁移与转化。堆肥物料猪粪含有丰富且有利于微生物生长的氮元素,其DOM结构变化可能具有一定的独特性。本研究选取8个不同阶段的猪粪堆肥样品,提取其中的DOM,利用紫外-可见光光谱和三维荧光光谱等现代光谱学方法,并结合基础理化指标解析猪粪堆肥DOM的结构和组分演变特征。在堆肥过程中可溶性有机碳和总有机碳分别降低了58.88%和16.30%,说明可溶性有机碳的降解速率要高于不可溶性有机碳。紫外-可见光光谱特征值SUVA₂₅₄,SUVA₂₈₀和E₂₅₃/E₂₀₃均随着堆肥过程呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,表明堆肥过程DOM芳香性升高,大分子有机质含量增大,芳环取代基中含氧基团增多。基于三维荧光光谱体积积分中类酪氨酸、类色氨酸和微生物代谢产物的百分比分别从15.96%,18.14%和25.45%降低至5.53%,11.27%和17.96%,而类胡敏酸和类富里酸的百分比则分别从17.67%和22.77%增加至20.62%和44.62%,这一方面是由于DOM中各有机质组分中类蛋白物质降解速率比类腐殖质物质快,另一方面是由于随着堆肥进行一部分类蛋白物质会转化为类腐殖质物质。研究结果可为调控生产稳定化、无害化的堆肥产品提供科学依据。     

Applications of Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Techniques to Humic Substances

This paper highlights the use of Raman, FT-Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques for the study of humic substances. In contrast to other technologies which reveal information only about the average compositions and the kinds of functional groups present in humic substances, Raman and especially FT-Raman spectroscopies characterize the building blocks of humic substances and their changes in derivation and separation processes. Furthermore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques are able to readily detect humic substances and co-existing organic species at low concentrations typically found in natural environments and reveal definitive information about the specific groups in humic substances that bind on metal electrodes. Further applications of both Raman and SERS techniques can be extended to complicated systems as well as real environmental samples. Experiments have demonstrated: (1). the backbones of humic substances are structurally disordered carbon networks in most cases; (2). The backbones of humic substances from different sources and types are similar to each other; (3). Normal Raman spectroscopic study of humic substances should concentrate on the use of near-IR laser(s) resulting from strong fluorescence background and self-adsorption under the excitation with visible laser irradiation; (4). FT-Raman spectroscopy is the required analytical method to assess the effectivity of fractionation methods; (5). SERS spectra of humic substances on metal colloids and films are in most aces very similar to the corresponding Raman spectra of neutralized samples; (6). SERS techniques are very sensitive and highly selective, also both visible lasers and near-IR lasers can be used for SERS study; (7). SERS spectra on metal electrodes may provide additional information about the binding sites and adsorption mechanisms of humic substances on metal surfaces.     

Elemental quantitation of natural organic matter by CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy

Cross-polarized magic-angle-spinning NMR (CPMAS-NMR) techniques are assumed to be only semi-quantitative in the assessment of carbon distribution in humic substances or natural organic matter, due to a number of interferences such as spinning side bands (SSB) in spectra, paramagnetic species in samples, and low or remote protonation of aromatic carbons. Fast rotor spin rates or direct polarization NMR techniques are normally applied to improve quantitative signal detectability. Variable contact time pulse sequences were used here to obtain CPMAS-NMR spectra of organic compounds of known structure and different humic substances. Integration of spectral areas, previously subtracted of SSB, and relative stoichiometric factors were used for mathematical elaboration to calculate the elemental content in samples. These values did not significantly differ from those obtained by direct determination of elemental content with quantitative elemental analysis. Our results showed that the carbon observed CPMAS-NMR provides a quantitative representation of the whole carbon content in humic substances.     

Luminescence properties of humic substances

A detailed analysis of luminescence properties of humic substances and fulvic acids extracted from peat soil is carried out for the first time. Their fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, phosphorescence excitation and emission spectra, and phosphorescence lifetimes at room temperature are investigated. The nature of chromophores of humic substances is discussed. Presented at the International Symposium on Peat Organic Substances, May 15–19, 1995, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 489–493, July–August, 1997.     

内蒙古羊草草原不同管理措施对栗钙土胡敏酸光谱特性的影响

为了研究草原七壤退化与恢复机制,以锡林郭勒盟草原生态定位站长期定位实验为基础,采集了围栏禁牧、轻度放牧与过度放牧等放牧管理措施样地的土壤样品,提取其中的胡敏酸,综合应用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、固相魔角旋转13C核磁共振谱对放牧和围栏的羊草草原样地表层土胡敏酸的分子结构特征进行了比较分析.研究表明:在围栏禁牧和放牧条件下相比,土壤胡敏酸的分子结构特性存在明显的差异,围栏样地的胡敏酸结构其芳香度明显降低,显示出更高的脂肪族特性,羧酸官能团含量降低.经过围栏样地禁牧恢复的土壤胡敏酸结构中含有更多的来源多糖和蛋白质类母体的结构单元,而不同放牧强度之间胡敏酸的结构组成差异不大.     

棕壤与褐土刺槐林下土壤腐殖质组分的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析

森林土壤富含不同组分和功能的有机碳。该研究以棕壤和褐土45年林龄的刺槐林下表层及底层土壤为对象,研究其林下土壤腐殖酸组分在不同土壤类型和不同土层间的差异和变换。褐土和棕壤表层及底层土壤分别定义为CO和CA,BO和BA。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱对土壤腐殖质组分的富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)进行了分析。结果表明富里酸主要吸收峰为3 400 cm-1处的碳水化合物中—OH形成的氢键伸缩振动,1 655 cm-1处的芳香环CC伸缩振动,1 110 cm-1处的脂族C—OH伸缩振动。与富里酸相比,胡敏酸所含官能团与其相似,差异在于其吸收峰强度较弱。胡敏素在1 110 cm-1处的脂族C—OH伸缩振动和1 030 cm-1处多糖或类多糖物质的C—O伸缩振动较胡敏酸此处的峰吸收强度强。根据分析,表层土壤腐殖质官能团结构较底层土壤多且吸收强度强。另外,富里酸不同物质官能团数量及强度受土壤类型和土壤深度的影响较胡敏酸和胡敏素小。根据不同吸收峰对比分析发现,富里酸组分的芳化程度较强,而胡敏酸和胡敏素的芳化作用仅表层土壤程度较强。不同土壤类型胡敏酸组分分析表明,棕壤表层土壤芳族和脂肪族物质吸收强度明显高于褐土。综上,土壤类型和土层显著影响45年林龄的刺槐林下土壤腐殖质组分,尤其是胡敏酸和胡敏素组分。     

Sono-oxidation treatment of humic substances in drinking water.

Currently humic substances are removed from the raw water prior to chlorination by the conventional coagulation and filtration method using aluminium sulphate. Application of high-intensity (> 10 W/cm2) ultrasonic irradiation in conjunction with oxidative process using commercial oxidants H2O2 was investigated as an alternative. Sono-oxidation and sonodegradation of natural and synthetic humic substances have been followed over time by measuring total organic carbon (TOC) and absorbance by ultraviolet spectrometer (UV-VIS). It took approximately 60 min to reduce TOC by half and to have a complete degradation of humic acid.     

不同退化程度与人工恢复方式对草原土壤胡敏酸结构的影响

该研究主要探讨不同退化程度和人工恢复方式对草原土壤胡敏酸结构的变化特征,为退化草原恢复提供理论依据.在鄂尔多斯沙地不同退化样地与人工恢复草地,对草原土壤的腐殖酸进行了分离提取,采用元素分析、13核磁共振(NMR)等方法对荒漠草原土壤退化与恢复过程中土壤胡敏酸(HA)不同官能团的含量变化进行分析,并用因子分析法研究它们的结构特征和差异.结果表明:不同退化及恢复阶段HA碳骨架相似,但各类碳原子(官能团)的含量不同,芳香族和脂肪族结构在胡敏酸结构中发挥了重要作用.退化阶段,土壤HA的芳香碳减少,碳水化合物减少,土壤HA的氧化程度增加,疏水程度降低.恢复阶段土壤芳香碳含量增加,碳水化合物含量增加,疏水程度略有降低.土壤退化及恢复阶段,胡敏酸(HA)的结构变化最大的部分是芳香碳、取代脂肪碳结构,其次是羧基和酯基碳和未取代脂肪碳结构.植被恢复对腐殖酸结构的变化有重要的影响,本氏针茅区和本氏针茅+油蒿区的HA结构中芳香化程度和复合程度较高,氧化程度低.围栏样区内土壤胡敏酸(H A)的酸度相对较高,芳香化程度和复合程度仍然较低.因此,土壤胡敏酸结构特征的变化可以反映草原土壤的退化程度,进一步揭示草原土壤退化的机制.     

LASER FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AS A METHOD FOR STUDYING HUMIC SUBSTANCE

This paper summarizes the results obtained by fluorescence spectroscopic techniques with conventional and laser light sources for the characterization of the spectral luminescent properties of aquatic humic substances (AHS). The band profiles of corrected absorption, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra are compared in graphical form with unique functions used for the axes. In order to calculate the quantum efficiency of fluorescence, we used the Raman signal from water molecules as an internal reference. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra of humic matter has been recorded in solid (?160°C to 0°C) and in liquid (0°C to +300°C) aqueous solutions. The behavior of the fluorescence band shape is discussed. A new method of nonlinear fluorimetry is proposed to enhance the capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is based on the fluorescence saturation effect manifesting itself under powerful laser pumping (excitation) conditions. The use of the technique allows one to determine certain photophysical properties of molecules, as a complement to the normal spectral data. Using three different samples of aquatic humic substances with very similar fluorescence band shapes, it is demonstrated that these compounds have distinct molecular luminescent parameters and therefore, can be identified. The similarity of the fluorescence band shapes of humic substances in natural water of different types; the absence of any noticeable effect of temperature across a wide range and the fluorescence saturation on the fluorescence band contour can be explained. This assumes that in all of the samples of aquatic humic substances studied, with different molecular weight fractions, that there is a single dominant fluorescent functionality present.     

Luminescent analysis of photoinduced detoxification of phenol in the presence of humic substances

We have studied the effect of two detoxifying factors on aqueous solutions of phenol: UV radiation from different sources, and humic substances. The phenol photoconversion processes were monitored by the fluorescent method; the toxicity of the phenol solutions was monitored using a bioluminescence test. It was shown that effective detoxification of an aqueous phenol solution occurs as a result of addition of humic substances; the most effective photoinduced detoxification was detected when using UV radiation from an exciplex lamp (λ_rad = 308 nm). Other UV irradiation sources and the combined action of UV irradiation and humic substances are characterized by a smaller detoxifying effect. In this case, irradiation using an exciplex lamp (λ_rad = 222 nm) increases the toxicity of the phenol solution both in the presence and in the absence of humic substances. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 741–745, November–December, 2006.