TiO2纳米管阵列在环境领域的研究进展

TiO2纳米管阵列是一种新型的无机功能材料,具有化学惰性、气敏、介电效应、良好的生物兼容性、较强的光催化能力以及抗化学腐蚀和光腐蚀的能力,特别是具有很好的光催化活性,使其在太阳能的储存与利用、环境净化、催化剂、光催化降解环境污染物等方面有比较多的研究应用.TiO2纳米管阵列通过一定的修饰可以使其吸收光谱向可见光区迁移,同时它兼具成本低廉、环境友好等优点,是当前环境污染物削减与监控的重要研究方向之一.本文主要对近年来国内外TiO2纳米管阵列作为光催化剂降解环境污染物和作为功能材料在环境分析检测中的应用进行简要综述,为开发新型污染物监控与处理技术及拓展TiO2纳米管阵列的潜能提供重要参考.     

钙钛矿材料在环境催化领域的应用现状及进展

日益严重的环境问题和有限的资源促使人们积极探索提高污染物处理效率,多相催化剂在环境污染高效治理中扮演着重要的角色,因此,高活性和高稳定性新型多相催化剂的开发成为一项非常有吸引力和具有挑战性的任务。钙钛矿材料因其高催化活性和稳定的晶体结构成为环境催化领域的研究热点。本文综述了钙钛矿材料特性、制备方法、新型钙钛矿材料发展现状和在环境催化领域的应用现状,并对其面临的挑战及未来发展方向进行了讨论。     

高分子表面环境响应的应用

高分子表面具有环境响应性，利用此特性可设计新型表面功能材料。本文叙述了高分子表面环境响应性应用的进展。     

金属有机框架材料在环境化学中的研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)是一类由有机桥连配体与无机金属中心通过自组装形成的新型多孔材料.相比传统的多孔材料,MOFs具有比表面积高、孔径均一、结构可调节等优点,在基础理论研究和实际应用方面都表现出巨大的潜力.近年来,环境问题日益突出,开发新型材料解决环境问题迫在眉睫,MOFs材料在环境化学中的应用受到了广泛关注.本文主要介绍MOFs材料在催化、气体存储、气体吸附与分离、气敏传感和水体净化等多个领域的理论研究与应用现状,并进一步讨论了MOFs材料在该领域面临的挑战和发展趋势.     

MXene在电化学传感器中的应用

过渡金属碳化物或氮化物(MXene)作为一种新型的二维层状材料,由于具有良好的导电性、水中分散性、高的生物相容性和稳定性等,在电化学传感领域具有巨大的应用潜力。将MXene与其他纳米材料复合,可以扬长避短,在性能上实现优势协同和功能互补,有效提高电化学传感器的灵敏度和选择性。本文按照检测物的种类进行分类,综述了基于MXene材料构建的电化学传感平台在生物标记物和环境污染物检测中的应用,并讨论了MXene材料在电化学传感领域未来研究发展和应用中所面临的挑战。     

纳米TiO_2材料对人类健康的环境风险分析

纳米二氧化钛具有卓越的物理化学性能,在环境、医学、电子信息等众多领域得到了广泛的应用.然而,随着纳米二氧化钛材料的广泛应用,它给环境及人类健康带来的潜在风险也开始引起人们的关注.相关研究表明,纳米二氧化钛颗粒或含纳米二氧化钛的材料对某些生物具有明显的毒性作用,且在特定条件下这种毒性作用会加强.本文对目前有关纳米二氧化钛应用中有关环境及健康风险的文献进行了综述,在介绍纳米二氧化钛材料在光催化作用等领域应用的基础上,分析了其对环境及人类健康可能带来的潜在风险,并提出了目前研究中存在的不足及进一步研究的建议.     

金属单原子催化剂在电催化二氧化碳和水裂解的研究进展

利用电催化技术开发新型能源,是替代传统能源的一种新策略,大量使用化石燃料导致的环境问题有望会通过此技术的发展而得到良好解决,设计并制备出高效稳定的电催化剂对于新型能源技术开发应用至关重要.单原子催化剂(SACs)在载体上具有原子分布的活性位点,是催化领域的新兴材料,具有美好的应用前景,现已成为电催化领域的研究热点.在此综述中,详细阐述了单原子电催化剂的一般载体、制备方法及其先进表征方法,系统总结了单原子电催化剂在能量转化和环境保护(CO₂还原、水裂解)方面的应用.同时,基于各种单原子催化剂研究的最新进展,简单阐述了催化机制,讨论了单原子催化剂在电催化方向的发展挑战和前景,希望为单原子电催化剂的合成、设计和应用提供经验,以更好地促进电催化能量转换方面的发展.     

硼基锂盐电解质在锂离子电池中的应用

电解质材料是锂离子电池的关键材料之一,它直接影响电池的性能.新型硼酸锂盐由于种类繁多且环境友好而越来越引起人们的重视.双草酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)是一种新型的锂盐,具有很好的成膜性能和热稳定性,是一种很有潜力替代现有商品化锂盐LiPF6的物质.本文介绍了近期新型硼基锂盐的发展状况,归纳了LiBOB基电解质的研究概况,综述...     

基于C=O…HN分子间氢键的超分子液晶研究进展

基于C=O…HN的分子间氢键能够自组装形成具有精确分子排列和很好稳定性的有序结构,在设计构造液晶功能材料方面具有重要的不可替代的地位.分子形状是设计小分子热致液晶的一个主要考虑因素,它对液晶态的结构有至关重要的影响.以分子形状与液晶态相互关系为主线,重点介绍了目前文献报道的基于C=O…HN分子间氢键的盘状和楔形分子形成液晶的研究进展,以期为新型液晶材料的分子设计提供一些借鉴.     

磁性金属-有机骨架材料的合成及其应用

磁性金属-有机骨架(magnetic metal-organic frameworks,MMOFs)材料是近年来兴起的新型纳米功能材料,它由MOFs材料和磁性材料组合而成,具有高选择性、良好分散性和可多次重复利用等优点,在环境、医学和生物学研究领域应用广泛。本文介绍了MMOFs材料的四种合成方法,包括嵌入法、叠层法、封装法和混合法,其中嵌入法是指将磁性颗粒材料镶嵌在MOFs表面,叠层法是将MOFs层覆盖和叠加生长在官能化磁性颗粒材料表面,封装法是MOFs材料围绕磁性颗粒在其周围生长并将其包埋起来,混合法是将MOFs和磁性颗粒物通过物理或化学作用发生聚合合成。MOFs与磁性颗粒材料结合形成的MMOFs,既保留了MOFs材料的结构与性能,又增添了颗粒材料的磁性,从而大大拓展了MOFs的应用范围。鉴于MMOFs可携带特定的物质释放于指定位置,容易从复杂基质中分离,并可通过外部磁性进行定位与收集等优势与特点,其在生物医药、环境样品预处理和催化等领域得到了广泛的应用。     

高氯酸盐的环境污染问题

高氯酸盐是新型的持久性污染物质，其特点是扩散速度快、稳定性高、难降解，其环境污染问题已引起了人们高度的关注，成为近年环境科学和分析化学的研究热点，但我国关于高氯酸盐污染的研究基本没有开展。本文介绍了高氯酸盐污染的特点、毒理效应、污染现状和环境行为、分析方法和环境修复等，讨论了目前存在的问题，为我国高氯酸盐环境污染的研究提供参考。     

Advances in organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants in different types of food and environmental samples

The efficiency of the extraction and removal of pollutants from food and the environment has been an important issue in analytical science. By incorporating inorganic species into an organic matrix, a new material known as an organic–inorganic hybrid material is formed. As it possesses high selectivity, permeability, and mechanical and chemical stabilities, organic–inorganic hybrid materials constitute an emerging research field and have become popular to serve as sorbents in various separaton science methods. Here, we review recent significant advances in analytical solid‐phase extraction employing organic–inorganic composite/nanocomposite sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants from various types of food and environmental matrices. The physicochemical characteristics, extraction properties, and analytical performances of sorbents are discussed; including morphology and surface characteristics, types of functional groups, interaction mechanism, selectivity and sensitivity, accuracy, and regeneration abilities. Organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents combined with extraction techniques are highly promising for sample preparation of various food and environmental matrixes with analytes at trace levels.     

Smart nanocontainers as depot media for feedback active coatings

Among the grand challenges at present are ways to develop systems with low consumption of raw materials and with little load on the environment. In view of this it is of utmost importance to avoid or to delay processes causing material destruction. This is especially urgent, since many protective substances have associated health hazards, and new routes to improve the situation are a main concern of this contribution. Nanocapsules (nanocontainers) with controlled release properties of the shell can be used to fabricate a new family of active coatings, with quick response to changes of the coating environment or coating integrity. The release of active materials encapsulated into nanocapsules is triggered by various external and internal factors, thus preventing spontaneous leakage of the active component. The coating can have several active functionalities when several types of nanocapsules loaded with corresponding active agent are incorporated simultaneously into a coating matrix. We highlight recent achievements in development and application of filled responsive containers in biomedical and self-healing protective coatings.     

A mesoporous 3D hybrid material with dual functionality for Hg2+ detection and adsorption

Dual-function hybrid material U1 was designed for simultaneous chromofluorogenic detection and removal of Hg(2+) in an aqueous environment. Mesoporous material UVM-7 (MCM41 type) with homogeneously distributed pores of about 2-3 nm in size, a large specific surface area exceeding 1000 m(2) g(-1), and nanoscale particles was used as an inorganic support. The mesoporous solid is decorated with thiol groups that were treated with squaraine dye III to give a 2,4-bis(4-dialkylaminophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-alkylsulfanylcyclobut-2-enone (APC) derivative that is covalently anchored to the inorganic silica matrix. The solid was characterised by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption. This hybrid solid is the chemodosimeter for Hg(2+) detection. Hg(2+) reacts with the APC fragment in U1 with release of the squaraine dye into the solution, which turns deep blue and fluoresces strongly. Naked-eye Hg(2+) detection is thus accomplished in an easy-to-use procedure. In contrast, U1 remains silent in the presence of other thiophilic transition metal ions, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, or anions ubiquitously present in water such as chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate. Material U1 acts not only as chemodosimeter that signals the presence of Hg(2+) down to parts-per-billion concentrations, but at the same time is also an excellent adsorbent for the removal of mercury cations from aqueous solutions. The amount of adsorbed mercury ranges from 0.7 to 1.7 mmol g(-1), depending on the degree of functionalisation. In addition, hybrid material U1 can be regenerated for both sensing and removal purposes. As far as we know, U1 is the first example of a promising new class of polyfunctional hybrid supports that can be used as both remediation and alarm systems by selective signalling and removal of target species of environmental importance. Model compounds based on silica gel (G1), fumed silica (F1), and micrometre-sized MCM-41 scaffolds (M1) were also prepared and studied for comparative purposes.     

绿色化学中的环境因子与危险化学品

许多化学品对生态环境和人类健康造成危害,本文综述危险化学品的类型及为控制其污染而提出的环境因子等概念。     

环境响应性微胶囊及其在农业领域中应用的研究进展

在传统农业中,如何高效率地使用农药,提高其利用率,一直是一大难题。环境响应性微胶囊是一类在外界环境的刺激下,可以相适应地改变其表面结构的物质。这一类微胶囊具有智能、可控、精准、高效等特点。目前,这一项技术已经被广泛地应用于农业生产中。本文主要综述了环境中pH、温度、光以及磁场四大因素对响应性微胶囊的影响,并且简要介绍了该类微胶囊的制备技术、形成机理、主要材料以及在农业领域的应用。     

Recent progress in environmental catalytic technology

Recent progress and trends in environmental catalytic technology in Japan are described with emphasis on the catalysts having hybridized functions. In addition to automobile exhaust cleaning, use of environmental catalysts such as titanium oxide photocatalysts is rapidly growing for the control of residential environments, e.g., antimicrobial activity and odor control, as life styles change gradually and the living environment is deteriorating considerably. Many new catalysts are evolving through hybridization of functions. The market of environmental catalyst products in 2005 is estimated 2,000 billion yen/year (photocatalyst: 1,100 billion yen/year).     

共价有机骨架的合成及其在气体吸附存储方面的应用

共价有机骨架(COFs)是一种新型的纳米结构材料,由于其独特的性质而受到人们的广泛关注。COFs的结晶度高,孔径可调,比表面积大,具有良好的抗氧化性能和独特的分子结构,在能源、环境等方面得到了广泛的应用。COFs材料有较高的应用价值,促使人们不断努力研究其基本性质,并调控其结构和功能来提高性能。通过COFs的可设计性,按需合成结构-性能相关的材料,是解决可持续能源、环境(如气体储存、气体分离、催化、环境修复和化学传感等方面)等持久挑战的理想候选材料。