计算机求解渐开线齿轮齿廓的保角映射函数

平面弹性理论的复变函数保角映射解法可以求得齿轮的应力和位移的精确解.而相应于各种不同参数的轮齿齿廓的保角映射函数的求得却是比较困难的.以往均采用试算法,这是费时且昂贵的.作者编制了求解保角映射函数的计算机程序,并通过大量的计算证明这一程序是成功的,所取得的映射函数是精确的.从而解决了保角映射法求解渐开线齿轮应力和位移应用于实际工程计算的主要障碍.     

弹性接触问题的一种新的力学模型

从机械系统的角度出发,描述了系统中构件间局部接触与构件弹性变形间的耦合关系;用多组坐标系描述机械系统中物体的位形;用分离接触边界法描述物体接触边界间的约束;通过接触虚功原理建立了更加广泛意义上的接触系统静力学模型．作为算例,将该力学模型应用于内啮合少齿差行星齿轮多齿啮合问题的研究,揭示了行星齿轮传动中有多对轮齿相互接触,获得了其接触应力分布状态．通过实验验证了力学模型、计算方法和计算结果的正确性．     

一类非线性强阻尼扰动发展方程的解

研究了在数学、力学中广泛出现的一类三阶非线性强阻尼发展扰动偏微分方程,并求其近似解析解.首先,构造一个泛函同伦映射,将方程的解表示以人工参数的幂级数形式,代入同伦映射,得到一个非线性扰动方程解的逐次迭代关系式,并考虑对应的一个无扰动项情形下的强阻尼发展方程,利用Fourier变换理论,求出其精确解.其次,以得到的精确解为同伦映射迭代式的初始函数,通过非线性扰动方程解的迭代关系式,再用Fourier变换法求解对应的方程.最后,便依次地得到了非线性强阻尼发展扰动偏微分方程的各次近似解析解.用上述方法得到的各次近似解,具有便于求解、精度高等特点.     

泊松方程及平面弹性问题有限元方法中求高阶导数的提取法

在许多有限元计算中经常在求得近似解后还要求得到近似的解的导数.如在弹性计算中,如何从计算得到的位移近似解较好地计算应力早已被研究多年.如果计算中包含直接对近似解求导数,必然会丧失部分精度,得不到满意的结果.特别,若近似解为分片常数函数,则根本无法从直接求导数得到应力的近似值.Babuska和 Miller提出了所谓“提取法”,即利用推导出来的提取公式来求解的导数的近似值,以得到与近似解本身同     

泊松方程及平面弹性问题有限元方法中求高阶导数的提取法

在许多有限元计算中经常在求得近似解后还要求得到近似的解的导数.如在弹性计算中,如何从计算得到的位移近似解较好地计算应力早已被研究多年.如果计算中包含直接对近似解求导数,必然会丧失部分精度,得不到满意的结果.特别,若近似解为分片常数函数,则根本无法从直接求导数得到应力的近似值.Babuska和 Miller提出了所谓“提取法”,即利用推导出来的提取公式来求解的导数的近似值,以得到与近似解本身同     

基于磨光反演映射的拓扑优化ICM方法

对结构拓扑优化ICM(independent continuous mapping)方法中的磨光映射和过滤映射加以拓广,利用反演映射极限形式的磨光特性构造其与过滤映射相协调的复合映射.由于该复合映射的叠加离散效应,首先引入幂函数和正弦函数的复合形式过滤函数,用ICM方法建立位移约束下重量最小为目标的连续体结构拓扑优化模型,并采用二次规划精确对偶算法进行求解.再将求得的离散解为主的连续最优解依照动态反演策略,用最佳阈值和理性反演函数求出最严格的0-1离散解,给出了拓扑优化"离散→连续"和"连续→离散"先后相反的二阶段解法.基于MATLAB软件平台开发了相应的拓扑优化计算程序,给出的数值算例对该文提出的方法进行验证,结果表明:该方法计算效率高,最优解灰度单元少,反演后结构重量更小,并且能够计算出更合理的结构拓扑.     

一类非线性双曲型发展方程的孤子解

研究了一类非线性发展方程.首先在无扰动情形下,利用待定函数和泛函同伦映射方法得到了非扰动发展方程的孤子精确解和扰动方程的任意次近似行波孤子解.接着引入一个同伦映射,并选取初始近似函数,再用同伦映射理论,依次求出非线性双曲型发展扰动方程孤子解的各次近似解析解.再利用摄动理论举例说明了用该方法得到的近似解析解的有效性和各次近似解的近似度.最后,简述了用同伦映射方法得到的近似解的意义,指出了用上述方法得到的各次近似解具有便于求解、精度高等优点.     

层流边界层方程的近似分析解

献[1]引用压力梯度作为新的自变量以代替通常的纵坐标x，从而将经典的边界层方程变为新的形式。在些基础上，献[1]用图解法求定作地一截面处的摩探应力因子。本仍然采用献[1]的变量置换，但用级数法求得了层边界层方程的一级近似分析 解；并得到了计算摩擦应力因子的公式（4.13）对于主函数中不含常数项的一类流动说，本求得的摩擦应力因子和献[1]的结果十分符合；对于主函数中含有常数项的另一类流动，中作了更进一步的简化，求得的摩控应力因子和献[1]的结果相比较，误差也低于10％。     

关于平面谐波传动与齿轮传动几个基本问题的数学处理

平面谐波传动是从六十年代才开始发展的一种新型传动,它的基本元件为圆形的刚性齿轮,柔性齿轮与波发生器。当波发生器放在柔轮内时,就迫使柔轮发生变形,从而与刚轮齿有一部分相啮合了,而当波发生器在柔轮内旋转时,柔轮就发生了波形弹性变形,刚轮齿与柔轮齿的啮合区和脱离区也就相应随之不断变化,这样柔轮与刚轮齿间就产生了相对的位移运动,达到实现传动的要求。很自然的,把这种传动称为谐波传动。至于波发生器中最富有特点的一种叫积极控制式发生器,它的结构为按波形变形轨迹设计和制造的椭圆凸轮,再在其外套上薄壁变形柔轮,柔轮的原始形状为圆形。另外还不妨假定刚     

单位圆外域-洞室外域共形映射下任意开挖断面隧洞围岩应力解析解

以地下任意开挖断面隧洞为研究对象,将原岩应力场归化为无穷远处与水平轴呈一角度的均匀应力场,引入单位圆外域-洞室外域的共形映射函数,把目标域中以变量z表示的围岩应力函数转化为映射域中的变量ζ表示.将洞壁的应力边界条件方程转化成Cauchy积分方程,利用被积函数的解析性和留数理论,获得了任意开挖断面隧洞围岩应力函数解析通式和围岩应力解析解.将椭圆形隧洞应力边界条件代入应力函数解析通式,求得的φ(z)和ψ(z)与文献结果一致;以公路两车道隧道为研究对象,利用围岩应力解析解开展围岩应力计算和分析,所获结果符合工程规律;利用ABAQUS软件对隧道洞壁应力进行对比分析,分布规律与解析解结果一致.研究表明,只要给出任意开挖断面隧洞的单位圆外-洞室外域共形映射函数,利用研究成果可方便地开展围岩应力解析计算分析.     

The solvability of a coupled thermoviscoelastic contact problem with small Coulomb friction and linearized growth of frictional heat

A coupled thermoviscoelastic frictional contact problem is investigated. The contact is modelled by the Signorini condition for the displacement velocities and the friction by the Coulomb law. The heat generated by friction is described by a non‐linear boundary condition with at most linear growth. The weak formulation of the problem consists of a variational inequality for the elasticity part and a variational equation for the heat conduction part. In order to prove the existence of a solution to this problem we first use an approximation of the Signorini condition by the penalty method. The existence of a solution for the approximate problem is shown using the fixed‐point theorem of Schauder. This theorem is applied to the composition of the solution operator for the contact problem with given temperature field and the solution operator for the heat equation problem with known displacement field. To obtain this proof, the unique solvability of both problems is necessary. Due to this reason it is necessary to introduce the penalty method. While the penalized contact problem has a unique solution, this is not clear for the original contact problem. The solvability of the original frictional contact problem is verified by an investigation of the limit for vanishing penalty parameter. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Primal-Dual Solution Perturbations in Convex Optimization

Solutions to optimization problems of convex type are typically characterized by saddle point conditions in which the primal vector is paired with a dual multiplier vector. This paper investigates the behavior of such a primal-dual pair with respect to perturbations in parameters on which the problem depends. A necessary and sufficient condition in terms of certain matrices is developed for the mapping from parameter vectors to saddle points to be single-valued and Lipschitz continuous locally. It is shown that the saddle point mapping is then semi-differentiable, and that its semi-derivative at any point and in any direction can be calculated by determining the unique solutions to an auxiliary problem of extended linear-quadratic programming and its dual. A matrix characterization of calmness of the solution mapping is provided as well.     

Mixed linear complementary formulation of lateral contacts among a system of parallel beams

A novel linear complementary formulation is developed in this paper to deal with multiple lateral contacts at a number of cross sections for a structure consisting of many parallel beams and having rigid body displacements. The proposed method can be used to handle a challenging situation where the number of potential contact pairs exceeds the total number of available lateral displacements at a cross section. The traditional displacement-based contact algorithms cannot be employed to solve this type of contact problem. In this paper, a mixed force–displacement scheme is developed. This scheme removes the restriction on the number of contact pairs at a cross section and is suitable for handling contacts among many parallel beams. It is proven that a unique solution to the linear complementary equations obtained using the mixed force–displacement scheme exists and can be obtained using the Lemke algorithm. Numerical results for an example application show that the scheme is indeed convergent and accurate.     

Dual reciprocity hybrid radial boundary node method for the analysis of Kirchhoff plates

A meshless method of dual reciprocity hybrid radial boundary node method (DHRBNM) for the analysis of arbitrary Kirchhoff plates is presented, which combines the advantageous properties of meshless method, radial point interpolation method (RPIM) and BEM. The solution in present method comprises two parts, i.e., the complementary solution and the particular solution. The complementary solution is solved by hybrid radial boundary node method (HRBNM), in which a three-field interpolation scheme is employed, and the boundary variables are approximated by RPIM, which is applied instead of moving least square (MLS) and obtains the Kronecker’s delta property where the traditional HBNM does not satisfy. The internal variables are interpolated by two groups of symmetric fundamental solutions. Based on those, a hybrid displacement variational principle for Kirchhoff plates is developed, and a meshless method of HRBNM for solving biharmonic problems is obtained, by which the complementary solution can be solved.     

The contact problem when there are friction forces in the contact area for a three-component cylindrical base

The plane contact problem of elasticity theory on the interaction when there are friction forces in the contact area of an absolutely rigid cylinder (punch) with an internal surface of a cylindrical base, consisting of two circular cylindrical layers rigidly connected to one another and with an elastic space, is considered. The layers and space have different elastic constants. A vertical force and a counterclockwise torque, act on the punch, and the punch – base system is in a state of limiting equilibrium,. An exact integral equation of the first kind with a kernel represented in an explicit analytical form, is obtained for the first time for this problem using analytical calculation programs. The main properties of the kernel of the integral equation are investigated, and it is shown that the numerator and denominator of the kernel symbols can be represented in the form of polynomials in products of the powers of the moduli of the displacement of the layers and the half-space. A solution of the integral equation is constructed by the direct collocation method, which enables the solution of the problem to be obtained for practically any values of the initial parameters. The contact stress distributions, the dimensions of the contact area, the interconnection between the punch displacement and the forces and torques acting on it are calculated as a function of the geometrical and mechanical parameters of the layers and the space. The results of the calculations in special cases are compared with previously known results.     

不同模量横力弯曲梁的解析解

选择处于平面复杂应力状态下横力弯曲梁,对结构进行了中性层的判定,推导出中性轴、正应力、剪应力、位移的计算公式,得到如下结论:对于复杂应力状态下的不同模量弹性弯曲梁,其中性轴位置与剪应力无关,因此用正应力作为判据而得到解析解,改进了以往用主应力判定中性点的多次循环的计算方法．把解析解的结果与经典力学同模量理论,以及有限元数值解进行了比较,结果表明:解析解很好地考虑了拉压不同模量的效应．还提出了对不同模量结构的计算修正以及对结构优化的思想．     

An iterative method for split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping

In this paper, we introduce and study an iterative method to approximate a common solution of split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping in real Hilbert spaces. Further, we prove that the sequences generated by the proposed iterative method converge strongly to a common solution of split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping which is the unique solution of the variational inequality problem. The results presented in this paper are the supplement, extension and generalization of the previously known results in this area.     

Contact problem for a thin elastic layer with variable thickness: Application to sensitivity analysis of articular contact mechanics

In the framework of the recently developed asymptotic models for tibio-femoral contact incorporating frictionless elliptical contact interaction between thin elastic, viscoelastic, or biphasic cartilage layers, we apply an asymptotic modeling approach for analytical evaluating the sensitivity of crucial parameters in joint contact mechanics due to small variations in the thicknesses of the contacting cartilage layers. The four term asymptotic expansion for the normal displacement at the contact surface is explicitly derived, which recovers the corresponding solution obtained previously for the 2D case in the compressible case. It was found that to minimize the influence of the cartilage thickness non-uniformity on the force–displacement relationship, the effective thicknesses of articular layers should be determined from a special optimization criterion.     

Elastic stress analysis of blunt V-notches under mixed mode loading by considering higher order terms

This paper presents the in-plane asymptotic displacement and stress fields for blunt V-notched components based on Kolosov–Muskhelishvili's approach. In the first part, the displacement and stress components in the polar coordinate system are determined by choosing appropriate complex potential functions. In order to construct the notch geometry, the Neuber's mapping relation is utilized. Then, the notch boundary conditions are imposed to calculate the free parameters of the stress distribution. Eventually, the stress and displacement components are calculated in the Cartesian and polar coordinates in the forms of series expansion. In the second part, the coefficients of series expansions are computed by using the least square method (LSM). The blunt V-notched Brazilian disk (BV-BD) specimen under mixed mode loading is used as an example to verify the proposed procedure. The stress components in arbitrary distances and directions are determined for different blunt V-notches in order to evaluate the accuracy of the calculated stress series solutions and their associated coefficients. The numerical results indicate that a single-term solution can lead to considerable errors, and to achieve good accuracy in the stress field calculation, one should take account of at least three terms in the stress series solution.