槽式太阳能集热器集热性能分析

本文运用蒙特卡罗光线追踪法(MCRT)模拟了抛物槽式系统聚光特性,并与计算流体与传热有限容积方法(FVM)结合,进一步研究了吸热管内耦合传热过程.聚光特性分析中考察了光不平行夹角、几何聚光比和边界角对太阳热流密度分布的影响;耦合传热模拟中考虑了液体油热物性随温度的变化以及吸收管外管壁辐射换热.模拟计算表明;模拟计算结果与文献数据对比符合较好,验证了计算方法与模拟程序的正确性.光不平行夹角主要对热流密度圆周方向分布产生影响,使其分布平缓,对热流密度轴向分布影响不大;随着几何聚光比的增大,太阳热流衰减区的角度跨度增大;随着边界角的增大,热流密度圆周分布曲线向圆周角90°方向平移,同时热流密度极大值降低.在太阳直射强度大致相同情况下,入口流速与入口温度对接收管表面对流换热与最大温差影响很大;同时变物性对流体对流换热影响也较大.     

振荡液滴内部流态

在外界来流作用下,液滴在固体表面上呈现周期性振荡特性.利用数值方法模拟平板上二维液滴在气流剪切作用下的界面及内部流动特性,重构二维液滴内部流场,着重认识液滴内部速度分布和压力分布.     

锌锅中低Pr流体混合对流的数值模拟

以带钢连续热镀锌生产工艺为背景,对抽象出的低Pr数流体混合对流流动和换热模型进行了数值模拟,给出了在不同Re、Ra及Ri时的流场和温度场.数值结果表明,当Re、Ra都不等于0时,在所考虑的参数范围内,流动和换热受自然对流和强制对流两种机理控制.Re不变,增大Ri,自然对流作用加强,并且当Ri增加到一定值时,流动和换热发生振荡.所给出的速度相图显示,对应不同的Re、Ra及Ri,流动和换热会出现稳态解、周期性振荡解和混沌.     

热声换热器的工作机制及换热特性研究

基于弱非线性热声理论,对热声换热器的换热特性进行了理论研究.获得了平行平板通道内二阶周期平均热流的解析解,并指出存在临界声导率比的模|Ya|_(cr)~I,使得二阶周期平均热流为零.当实际声导率比的模大于|Ya|_(cr)~I时,振荡流体从外热源吸热,为吸热器;当实际声导率比的模小于|Ya|_(cr)~I时,振荡流体向外放热,为放热器.获得了平行平板通道内二阶周期平均温度的解析解.计算分析了工作流体的物性参数、流动参数以及声导率比对二阶周期平均温度分布的影响,为进一步考察换热系数提供了依据。     

普朗特数对槽内热磁耦合流动换热影响

针对矩形槽内导电流体普朗特数分别为 0.01、1、100 时,进行了流动形态和换热的数值模拟研究.数值结果表明:普朗特数对流动、温度分布影响不同,从而影响到对流换热的强弱,低普朗特数流体热浮升力作用大,流动以热驱动为主,换热强度弱,发现在低普朗特数下,数值模拟得出的努赛尔数并不能收敛到某一定值,而是在一个区间范围内"来回振荡";高普朗特数流体,电磁力作用大,流动以电磁力驱动对流作用,换热随着哈特曼数的增加而得到很大提高.     

二极管激光器阵列微通道冷却实验研究

针对某二极管激光器阵列现有冷却器的实际问题,设计并制作了一种铜基液冷微通道冷却器.采用细密的短微通道来代替原来较宽的长通道,大幅度提高了有限空间内的对流换热面积,并可充分利用入口效应来增强换热,从而在保持较低流动阻力、较高流体流量和较低流体温升的前提下,显著提高了冷却器整体冷却能力,并改善了冷却器与热源器件界面上的温度分布均匀性.在本实验最大流量G=70 mL/s情况下,微通道部分的压降只有10.3 kPa;当冷却器与热源器件界面上的平均温升为25.7 K时,冷却器的散热能力可达730 W,相当于128.5 W/cm2的界面热流密度.实验结果还验证了Shah和London提出的表观阻力系数关联式、用于预测平均努谢尔数的Sieder-Tate关联式以及Shah&London关联式.     

粗糙纳通道内流体流动与传热的分子动力学模拟研究

为研究粗糙表面对纳尺度流体流动和传热及其流固界面速度滑移与温度阶跃的影响,本文建立了粗糙纳通道内流体流动和传热耦合过程的分子动力学模型,模拟研究了粗糙通道内流体的微观结构、速度和温度分布、速度滑移和温度阶跃并与光滑通道进行了比较,并分析了固液相互作用强度和壁面刚度对界面处速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响规律. 研究结果表明,在外力作用下,纳通道主流区域的速度分布呈抛物线分布,由于流体流动导致的黏性耗散使得纳通道内的温度分布呈四次方分布. 并且,在固体壁面处存在速度滑移与温度阶跃. 表面粗糙度的存在使得流体剪切流动产生了额外的黏性耗散,使得粗糙纳通道内的流体速度水平小于光滑通道,温度水平高于光滑通道,并且粗糙表面的速度滑移与温度阶跃均小于光滑通道. 另外,固液相互作用强度的增大和壁面刚度的减小均可导致界面处速度滑移和温度阶跃程度降低. 关键词： 速度滑移 温度阶跃 流固界面 粗糙度     

超临界压力CO_2水平管内冷却换热机理研究

采用SSTk-ω模型对冷却条件下超临界压力CO_2在水平管内的对流换热进行了数值研究,分析了流体物性、热流密度、直径以及浮升力等对其在拟临界点附近的流动换热特性的影响,并从场协同的角度分析了超临界压力CO_2的传热机理。结果表明:浮力效应使流体在流动截面上出现温度场不对称和二次流现象;下壁面的对流换热系数比上壁面先达到峰值,但换热系数小于上壁面;增大热流密度对换热系数的影响较小但能够使换热系数的峰值向入口段移动;增大热流密度和增大直径能够增强浮力效应对流体换热特性的影响;场协同原理可以解释同一截面处的换热不均匀现象。     

利用格子Boltzmann方法模拟矩形腔内纳米流体Raleigh-Benard对流

利用格 子 Boltzmann方法模拟矩形腔内纳米流体Rayleigh-Benard对流, 得到温度场和流线分布, 比较分析不同Ra数、体积分数、粒径下纳米流体对流换热的变化情况. 结果表明: 在相同的Ra 数和体积分数下, 纳米流体的对流换热随着粒径的增大而减弱; 在相同的Ra数和粒径下, 纳米流体的对流换热随着体积分数增大而增强. 关键词： 纳米流体 Raleigh-Benard 多相流 格子Boltzmann方法     

微通道内给定壁面热流的气体换热研究

本文利用实施给定热流边界条件的DSMC方法,对短通道内给定壁面热流边界条件下的气体换热情况进行了模拟.结果表明,壁面热流密度增大导致通道内压力分布非线性程度增加.随着热流密度的增大,截面速度分布趋于平缓,滑移速度增大.给定热流密度的通道壁面温度与气流截面平均温度的差值沿程增大,温度梯度沿程下降,气体稀薄性增大时,通道换热减弱.     

Predictions of Conjugate Heat Transfer in Turbulent Channel Flow Using Advanced Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation Techniques

In this paper, advanced wall-modeled large eddy simulation (LES) techniques are used to predict conjugate heat transfer processes in turbulent channel flow. Thereby, the thermal energy transfer process involves an interaction of conduction within a solid body and convection from the solid surface by fluid motion. The approaches comprise a two-layer RANS–LES approach (zonal LES), a hybrid RANS–LES representative, the so-called improved delayed detached eddy simulation method (IDDES) and a non-equilibrium wall function model (WFLES), respectively. The results obtained are evaluated in comparison with direct numerical simulation (DNS) data and wall-resolved LES including thermal cases of large Reynolds numbers where DNS data are not available in the literature. It turns out that zonal LES, IDDES and WFLES are able to predict heat and fluid flow statistics along with wall shear stresses and Nusselt numbers accurately and that are physically consistent. Furthermore, it is found that IDDES, WFLES and zonal LES exhibit significantly lower computational costs than wall-resolved LES. Since IDDES and especially zonal LES require considerable extra work to generate numerical grids, this study indicates in particular that WFLES offers a promising near-wall modeling strategy for LES of conjugated heat transfer problems. Finally, an entropy generation analysis using the various models showed that the viscous entropy production is zero inside the solid region, peaks at the solid–fluid interface and decreases rapidly with increasing wall distance within the fluid region. Except inside the solid region, where steep temperature gradients lead to high (thermal) entropy generation rates, a similar behavior is monitored for the entropy generation by heat transfer process.     

流体变物性对细矩形通道流动和传热的影响

以细矩形通道为研究对象,基于CFD的二次开发技术,采用流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了流体变物性和入口平均物性对细矩形通道平均流动和平均传热特性的影响,同时研究了流体变物性对细通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微细通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of viscous-fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer in a rectangular cavity with a heated moving wall

In the present work, conjugate heat transfer in a rectangular cavity with a heated moving lid is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The simulations are performed for incompressible flow, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 500, thermal diffusivity ratios ranging from 1 to 100, and Prandtl numbers ranging from 0.7 to 7. A uniform heat flux through the top of the lid is assumed. Results show that LBM is suitable for the study of heat transfer in conjugate problems. Effects of the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number and the thermal diffusivity ratio on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics are investigated and discussed. The streamlines and temperature distribution in flow field, dimensionless temperature and Nusselt number along the hot wall are illustrated. The results indicate that increase of thermal diffusivity yields the removal of a higher quantity of energy from lid and its temperature decreases when increasing the Reynolds and the Prandtl numbers.     

DNS of buoyancy-dominated turbulent flows on a bluff body using the immersed boundary method

A novel immersed boundary (IB) method has been developed for simulating multi-material heat transfer problem – a cylinder in a channel heated from below with mixed convection. The method is based on a second-order velocity/scalar reconstruction near the IB. A novel algorithm has been developed for the IB method to handle conjugate heat transfer. The fluid–solid interface is constructed as a collection of disjoint faces of control volumes associated to different material zones. Coupling conditions for the material zones have been developed such that continuity and conservation of the scalar flux are satisfied by a second-order interpolation. Predictions of the local Nusselt number on the cylinder surface show good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of the Boussinesq approximation on this problem was also investigated. Comparison with the variable density formulation suggests that, in spite of a small thermal expansion coefficient of water, the variable density formulation in a transitional flow with mixed convection is preferable.     

The effects of porosity and permeability on fluid flow and heat transfer of multi walled carbon nano-tubes suspended in oil (MWCNT/Oil nano-fluid) in a microchannel filled with a porous medium

The forced convection heat transfer and laminar flow in a two-dimensional microchannel filled with a porous medium is numerically investigated. The nano-particles which have been used are multi walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNT) suspended in oil as the based fluid. The assumption of no-slip condition between the base fluid and nano-particles as well as the thermal equilibrium between them allows us to study the nanofluid in a single phase. The nanofluid flow through the microchannel has been modeled using the Darcy–Forchheimer equation. It is also assumed that there is a thermal equilibrium between the solid phase and the nanofluid for energy transfer. The walls of the microchannel are under the influence of a fluctuating heat flux. Also, the slip velocity boundary condition has been assumed along the walls. The effects of Darcy number, porosity and slip coefficients and Reynolds number on the velocity and temperature profiles and Nusselt number will be studied in this research.     

粗糙平板微通道流动和传热的数值模拟

以粗糙平行平板微通道为研究对象,以三角形锯齿状粗糙元模拟固体表面的粗糙度,采用CFD流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了绝对粗糙度和相对粗糙度对平行平板微通道流动和传热特性的影响,着重分析了粗糙度和流体速度对水力入口段长度和热力入口段长度的影响规律,同时研究了相对粗糙度对微通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微微通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

Boundary treatment effects on molecular dynamics simulations of interface thermal resistance

Molecular Dynamics simulations of heat conduction in liquid Argon confined in Silver nano-channels are performed subject to three different thermal conditions. Particularly, different surface temperatures are imposed on Silver domains using a thermostat in all and limited number of solid layers, resulting in heat flux in the liquid domain. Alternatively, energy is injected and extracted from solid layers to create a NVE liquid Argon system, which corresponds to heat flux specification. Imposition of a constant temperature region in the solid domain results in an unphysical temperature jump, indicating the presence of an artificial thermal resistance induced by the thermostat. Thermal resistance analyses for the components of each case are performed to distinguish the artificial and interface thermal resistance effects. Constant wall temperature simulations are shown to exhibit superposition of the artificial and interface thermal resistance values at the liquid/solid interface, while applying thermostat on wall layers sufficiently away from the liquid/solid interface results in consistent predictions of the interface thermal resistance. Injecting and extracting energy from each solid layer eliminates the artificial resistance. However, the method cannot directly specify a desired temperature difference between the two solid domains.     

高温吸热管内超临界CO2传热特性的数值模拟

研究超临界CO2在高温吸热管内的传热特性是将其应用于聚光太阳能热发电技术中的基础.本文对此进行了数值模拟研究,分析了流体温度、流动方向、系统压力、质量流率和热流密度对对流传热系数和Nu数的影响.结果表明:高温区(800—1050 K)的对流传热系数和Nu数受流动方向和系统压力的影响均很小,但都随着质量流率的增大以及热流密度的减小而明显增大;而随着流体温度的升高,对流传热系数近似线性增大,Nu数则近似线性减小.另外,本文研究发现在高温区可忽略浮升力对传热的影响,而由高热流密度引起的流动加速效应会明显恶化传热.最后,选取了八种管内超临界流体传热关联式与模拟结果进行对比,发现使用基于热物性修正的关联式对高温区传热数据预测的结果优于使用基于无量纲数修正的关联式得到的结果,且其中预测效果最优的关联式得到的计算结果与模拟结果之间的平均绝对相对偏差为8.1%.     

Cooling performance of a nanofluid flow in a heat sink microchannel with axial conduction effect

In this work, the forced convection of a nanofluid flow in a microscale duct has been investigated numerically. The governing equations have been solved utilizing the finite volume method. Two different conjugated domains for both flow field and substrate have been considered in order to solve the hydrodynamic and thermal fields. The results of the present study are compared to those of analytical and experimental ones, and a good agreement has been observed. The effects of Reynolds number, thermal conductivity and thickness of substrate on the thermal and hydrodynamic indexes have been studied. In general, considering the wall affected the thermal parameter while it had no impact on the hydrodynamics behavior. The results show that the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on the increasing of normalized local heat transfer coefficient is more efficient in thick walls. For higher Reynolds number, the effect of nanoparticle inclusion on axial distribution of heat flux at solid–fluid interface declines. Also, less end losses and further uniformity of axial heat flux lead to an increase in the local normalized heat transfer coefficient.