铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化还原性能的研究

在复合半导体基础上,采用超声浸渍法对催化剂表面作进一步铜改性,制备了铜锡改性的纳米二氧化钛光催化剂CuO_x-SnO₂/TiO₂,考察了表面铜改性、二氧化锡复合对催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的影响.结果表明,表面铜改性和复合都有利于提高催化剂光催化氧化还原能力,二者间表现出相互增强的作用.结合XRD、XPS、TEM等催化剂表征结果,对铜锡改性纳米二氧化钛光激发机制进行了讨论,提出了二氧化碳光催化还原的可能机制.     

Enhancing Electrochemical Reduction of CO_2 to Formate by Regulating the Support Morphology

Electroreduction of CO₂ to formic acid has attracted extensive attention,because it is a promising strategy to re-utilize CO₂ and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that may favor the mitigation of energy and environment issues.Although great efforts have been made to tune the structure and composition of catalysts aiming to improve CO₂ conversion efficiency,seldom studies have been focused on the support regulation.In this work,ordered,porous TiO₂ nanotube arrays have been used as model support to study the impact of pore structure for CO₂ electrochemical reduction.It has been revealed that Pd supported on TiO₂ nanotube arrays substrate exhibits enhanced performance towards CO₂ reduction,showing a higher formate Faradaic efficiency of 20%over than Pd supported on TiO₂ film substrate.This study will shed new light on the design and synthesis of efficient catalysts by tuning the morphology of support for CO₂ conversion.     

光促CO2和H2O在Cu/TiO2－NiO上的表面反应

光促表面催化反应;复合半导体;光促CO2和H2O在Cu/TiO2－NiO上的表面反应     

三维大孔TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

 以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球为模板,以钛酸正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有三维结构的大孔TiO2. 采用差示扫描量热、热重-微分热重、X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明,高温热处理后得到的三维大孔TiO2光催化剂的孔径为200 nm左右,孔径分布均匀, TiO2纳米晶粒中锐钛矿相和金红石相的含量分别为82%和18%. 光催化氧化实验表明,此种三维结构的TiO2对甲基橙溶液具有较好的光催化氧化性能.     

Hierarchically nanostructured porous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>(B) with superior photocatalytic CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reduction activity

Hierarchically nanostructured, porous TiO₂(B) microspheres were synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method combined with subsequent heat treatment in air. The materials were carefully characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, CO₂ adsorption, and a range of spectroscopies, including Raman, infrared, X-ray photoelectron and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The hierarchical TiO₂(B) particles are constructed by ultrathin nanosheets and possess large specific surface area, which provided many active sites for CO₂ adsorption as well as CO₂ conversion. The TiO₂(B) nanostructures exhibited marked photocatalytic activity for CO₂ reduction to methane and methanol. Anatase TiO₂ and P₂5 were used as the reference photocatalysts. Transient photocurrent measurement also proved the higher photoactivity of TiO₂(B) than that of anatase TiO₂. In-situ infrared spectrum was measured to identify the intermediates and deduce the conversion process of CO₂ under illumination over TiO₂(B) photocatalyst.     

TiO2/羟基磷灰石的结构及其光催化降解醛类的性能

 采用水热合成和离子交换法相结合制备了不同Ti/(Ti+Ca)摩尔配比的羟基磷灰石负载二氧化钛(TiO2/HAP)光催化剂. 用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和微型连续光反应技术研究了催化剂的晶体结构、表面构造、光响应性能以及光催化降解甲醛和乙醛的性能. 结果表明, Ti/(Ti+Ca)配比是影响TiO2/HAP晶体结构、表面构造和光响应性能的重要因素, Ti/(Ti+Ca)摩尔比为 0.2时, TiO2/HAP为锐钛矿型TiO2和HAP的混合相, TiO2与HAP之间形成了 Ti-O-P 键,二者得到了有效的复合. 复合材料相对于TiO2在漫反射光谱吸光带边上有明显的红移,扩展了材料的吸光域. 在合适的条件下, TiO2/HAP光催化降解甲醛和乙醛的转化率分别达89.2%和82.7%, 矿化率达92.1%和75.2%.     

Chemical Reduction of CO2 to Different Products during Photo Catalytic Reaction on TiO2 under Diverse Conditions： an Overview

The chemical reduction of CO_2 remains a challenge with respect to the reversal of the oxidative degradation of any organic materials.The conversion of CO_2 into useful substances is essential in developing al- ternative fuels and various raw materials for different in- dustries.This also aids in preventing the continuous rise in tropospheric temperature due to the green house effect of CO_2.In this article an overview of the growth taken place so far in the field of CO_2 chemical reduction is pre- sented.The discussion comprises of photochemical meth- ods for the development of different products,viz.CO, CH_3O_H and CH_4,through chemical reduction of CO_2. This includes the use of photo catalysts,mainly TiO_2, and the role of a hole scavenger(such as 2-propanol)for this purpose.     

TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶：常压干燥制备及性能表征

以廉价的四氯化钛和工业水玻璃为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO2-SiO2复合湿凝胶,用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)/乙醇(EtOH)/正己烷(Hexane)混合溶液对湿凝胶进行改性,常压干燥制备了TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及N2吸附/脱附法对复合气凝胶的形貌和性质进行了分析.结果表明,TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶具有连续多孔结构,150℃干燥后复合气凝胶的比表面积为1 076 m2·g-1,孔体积为4.96 cm3·g-1;经550 ℃热处理后,复合气凝胶仍然具有高的孔隙率,比表面积为856 m2·g-1,孔体积为3.46 cm3·g-1.吸附和光催化降解罗丹明B的结果表明,复合气凝胶同时具有较好的吸附和光催化性能,其吸附/光催化协同作用活性优于纯SiO2气凝胶和锐钛矿TiO2粉末;且重复利用四次降解率仍然可达到89%.     

Cerium-modified Ni-La_2O_3/ZrO_2 for CO_2 methanation

The key point in CO_2 methanation is to improve the activity at low temperature and the stability.For this purpose,a new cerium-modified Ni-La_2O_3/ZrO_2 catalyst was prepared using La_(1-x)Ce_xNiO_3/ZrO_2 with perovskite phase as the precursor,which was obtained by citrate complexation combined with an impregnation method.The resulting catalyst was characterized through Nitrogen adsorption and desorption,X-ray diffraction (XRD),Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H_2-)TPR),Temperature-programmed desorption of CO_2 (CO_2-TPD) and that of H_2 (H_2-TPD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques,and the catalytic performances for CO_2 methanation was investigated.Cerium modification could improve the effective activation of CO_2,thus enhancing the activity at low temperature for CO_2 methanation.The metal Ni nanoparticles prepared using this method were highly dispersed and showed excellent resistance to sintering,leading to very good stability,which could be attributed to the following:Ni nanoparticles could be confined by cerium-modified La_2O_3;La_2O_3could be confined by the cerium ions at the La_2O_3/ZrO_2 interface;and the cerium ions were confined by ZrO_2.     

Effects of Ce/Zr ratio on the structure and performances of Co-Ce_(1-x)Zx_xO_2 catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

The Co-incorporated Ce_(1-x)Zr_xO_2 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The ratio of Ce to Zr was varied to optimize the performances of co-precipitated Co-Ce-Zr-O_x catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various physico-chemical characterization techniques including TPR, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption at low temperature, XPS and CO_2-TPSR. The co-precipitated Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample containing 16% CoO exhibited a higher catalytic activity among the five catalysts, and the activity was maintained without significant loss during the reaction for 60 h. Under the conditions of 750 ℃, 0.1 MPa, 36000 ml/(h·g_(cat)), and CO_2/CH_4 molar ratio of 1 : 1, the CO_2 conversion over this catalyst was 75% while the CH_4 conversion was 67%. The cubic Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 facilitated a higher dispersion and a higher reducibility of the cobalt component, and the apparent activation energy for Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample was 49.1 kJ/mol in the CO_2/CH_4 reforming reaction. As a result, the Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample exhibited a higher activity and stability for the reforming of CH_4 with CO_2.     

氧化钛-氧化石墨插层结构及其光催化性能(英文)

采用氧化石墨(GO)和硫酸钛作为初始反应物,在低温下(80℃)制备了纳米级的氧化钛-氧化石墨插层(TiO2-GO)复合材料,研究了这一复合材料的紫外光催化性能.结果表明,在采用TiO2-GO插层复合材料对甲基橙溶液进行紫外光催化降解时,其降解效率η=1.17mg·min-1·g-1,明显优于德固赛P25氧化钛粉.通过对TiO2-GO插层复合材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等测试,表征了产物的晶相结构、界面状况及其显微结构.结果表明:插层结构中的TiO2晶粒为锐钛矿和金红石的混合相,且锐钛矿相含量大于金红石相含量;氧化石墨层间的含氧基团如C襒O,基本被还原.对TiO2-GO插层复合材料的形成机理以及该材料具有优越光催化性能的原因进行了探讨.     

掺铜TiO2光催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的研究

利用浸渍法制备了掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂,分别以乙酸降解和二氧化碳还原反应为探针,研究了催化剂的光催化氧化光催化还原性能.结果表明,铜掺杂能显著提高催化剂的光催化性能;结合光电子能谱、X光衍射分析等物理表征结果,对铜掺杂改性机制进行了讨论.     

纳米TiO2的微波水热法制备及其光催化性能研究

利用硫酸钛和尿素为主要原料,EDTA为控制剂,微波水热法制备得到TiO2纳米光催化剂颗粒,分析了TiO2纳米晶粒的形成机理。TEM、XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC对所得的催化剂进行了结构表征。结果表明,TiO2纳米光催化剂颗粒具有粒径小、颗粒分散性好、纯度高等特性。进一步的研究表明,后续的热处理可以对TiO2纳米晶粒的晶相进行调节。光催化活性检测是以低浓度酸性大红3R水溶液为降解目标,结果表明,该TiO2催化剂表现出了较高的催化活性。     

碱式碳酸铜微球的表面改性和组装

报道了通过分散聚合反应在碱式碳酸铜微球表面锚接聚苯乙烯纳米粒子, 以调节其亲水/亲油性的方法. 结果表明, 锚接的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子尺寸愈大, 所得的改性碱式碳酸铜微球疏水性愈强. 用对油和水润湿性适中的改性碱式碳酸铜微球为乳化剂, 能够制备出稳定的油包水型Pickering乳液. 改性碱式碳酸铜微球组装在Pickering乳液的分散相液滴表面, 形成一个固体壳层. 将Pickering 乳液的分散相水核凝胶化, 合成出分级结构琼脂糖凝胶微球.     

碳含量对C/TiO2复合材料光催化活性的影响

 通过热解单层分散在TiO2表面的蔗糖制得了碳均匀覆盖的C/TiO2复合材料,并采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和N2物理吸附等方法对复合材料进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B为模型化合物评价了C/TiO2复合材料在紫外和可见光照射下的光催化性能,考察了碳含量对催化活性的影响. 结果表明,光源不同,污染物不同,碳含量不同对催化活性的影响均不相同. 对于考察的三个碳含量的C/TiO2催化剂,在紫外光照射下,前驱体中蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.1时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性最高,蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.2时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解罗丹明B的活性最高; 在可见光照射下,蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.05时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的活性都最高.     

CuO-TiO2-ZrO2/HZSM-5催化CO2加氢制二甲醚

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列CuO含量不同（质量分数:50%-80%）的CuO-TiO₂-ZrO₂复合氧化物,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、氮吸附（BET）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、程序升温脱附（H₂/CO₂-TPD）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）反应吸附等多种方法对其进行了表征.以所制备的CuO-TiO₂-ZrO₂为甲醇合成活性组分与HZSM-5分子筛进行机械混合制成双功能催化剂CuO-TiO₂-ZrO₂/HZSM-5,在微型固定床流动反应器中,于250℃、3.0 MPa、H₂/CO₂（体积比2.8）以及空速1500 mL·g^-1·h^-1的条件下,对其催化CO₂加氢直接合成二甲醚（DME）的性能进行了评价.结果表明:随着CuO-TiO₂-ZrO₂中CuO含量的增加,CO₂的转化率先逐渐增大,至70%时达到最大,之后反而降低.DME的选择性随着催化剂中CuO含量的增加而增加,至≥70%时基本不变,故当CuO含量为70%时,DME的收率达到最大值（13.2%）.催化剂上合成含氧化合物（甲醇和DME）的活性与催化剂中金属铜的比表面积之间有较好的对应关系.     

AgBr/TiO2复合催化剂:双注法制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiO₂为载体,采用双注法合成了AgBr/TiO₂复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgBr/TiO₂的结构、光吸收、形貌进行了表征.研究了AgBr/TiO₂在可见光下对甲基橙和丁基罗丹明B的光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO₂相比,AgBr/TiO₂的光吸收范围拓展到400—600nm波段,并且随着AgBr负载量的增加,AgBr/TiO₂的可见光吸收强度增强;当AgBr与TiO₂的摩尔比为0.25时,AgBr/TiO₂具有最大催化活性;在相同条件下,AgBr/TiO₂对丁基罗丹明B的降解效果优于甲基橙.     

RuO_2/TiO_2纳米薄膜的新构建及对CO_2的电催化还原

在旋涂有球状纳米TiO2薄膜的导电玻璃(ITO)基底上采用循环伏安法(CV)电沉积RuO2作为电催化还原CO2的阴极.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征了RuO2/TiO2纳米薄膜的形貌,并应用近稳态电位扫描法和计时电流法(i～t)研究了薄膜的电催化CO2性能.结果表明所构建的RuO2/TiO2薄膜中纳米粒子大小均匀、排列致密,且较传统热分解法所得催化剂有更好的电催化性能.     

TiO_2-K_2SiO_3无机涂层对空间材料Ag的防护行为研究

在微波电离型原子氮（AO）源地面模拟设备中对空间材料Ag及TiO_2- K_2SiO_3无机涂层进行原子氧剥蚀效应试验。用扫描电镜（SEM）、光电子能谱（ XPS）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和LAMBDA-9分光光度计，对在 模拟原子氧（AO）环境中Ag及在其表面涂覆的无机涂层，所发生的侵蚀与防护作用 进行了表征研究。AO对Ag表现了较严重的侵蚀作用，原来光亮如镜的表面形貌变得 粗糙，且失去光泽。而所施用的TiO_2-K_2SiO_3无机涂层，经AO辐照后，表面形貌 则变化甚少。实验表明，该涂层对AO辐照有较强的防护效果、较好的空间稳定性（ AO辐照前后Δα ≈ 0.024），能阻止AO对基材的侵蚀。     

聚酰亚胺/SnO_2杂化膜的制备和表征及其气体渗透性测定

杂化材料作为一种新型材料结合了有机无机材料的优异特性，具有较高的热稳定性、机械强度和某些特殊的化学性质，在微电子、光电设备、传感器和分离膜等诸多领域得到应用与研究．溶胶凝胶法作为合成杂化材料的主要手段，具有反应条件温和，可通过调配反应参数来控制杂化材料的微观形态和性质等优点．