凹凸棒石负载磷钨酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

用凹凸棒石为载体制备了负载型磷钨酸催化剂,以乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成了乙酸正丁酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件(负载量,焙烧温度,酸浸泡浓度)及反应时间、反应温度、醇酸比和催化剂用量对反应的影响.最优的反应条件为:反应温度115℃,反应时间150min,醇酸比2.5∶1,催化剂用量3%(按反应体系总质量计算),在此条件下,酯化率可达94.0%.     

乙酸正丁酯合成实验的改进

对乙酸正丁酯的制备方法进行了改进。用甲基磺酸钙作催化剂,环己烷作共沸溶剂,在回流分水条件下进行反应。对正丁醇、乙酸、环己烷和催化剂的用量进行了优化,得出较佳反应条件,在该反应条件下,酯化率可达93%。反应结束后,催化剂经简单的相分离就可重复使用。     

Worm-like分子筛负载磷钨钼酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以Worm-like介孔分子筛为载体,通过浸渍的方法将磷钨钼酸负载到分子筛的孔道内,制备负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂,并采用XRD、N2-吸附脱附、红外光谱等方法对负载型催化剂进行表征.将负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂应用于乙酸异戊酯合成反应,考察乙酸与异戊醇物质的量比、反应时间、环己烷用量、负载型催化剂用量及磷钨钼酸负载量等因素对酯化率的影响和负载型催化剂的重复使用性能.结果表明,用负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的效果很好,酯化率可达92.8%,且负载型催化剂的重复使用性良好.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

SO2-4/TiO2 催化合成乙酸戊酯

以Ti(OBu)4为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2,其结构经XRD, DRS及IR表征.以SO2-4/TiO2为催化剂,通过乙酸与戊醇反应合成了乙酸戊酯.讨论了影响酯化率的主要因素.实验结果表明,当催化剂用量为0.6 g,乙酸87.3 mmol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4∶1.0,于115 ℃反应6 h时,平行实验的平均酯化率可达94.2%.     

MoNi/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其催化乙酸临氢酯化反应性能

采用等体积浸渍的方法制备了MoNi/γAl2O3系列催化剂,利用XRD和TPR手段表征了其结构随Mo助剂的添加量和催化剂还原温度的变化,并考察了在3 MPa的氢气压力下,乙酸催化酯化的反应性能.结果表明,添加助剂Mo有利于Ni均匀地分散,减弱了Ni与Al之间的相互作用,抑制了NiAl2O4尖晶石结构的形成,降低了催化剂的还原温度.催化剂经600℃还原后,NiO被还原为Ni0.当加入经过600℃还原的催化剂MoNi/γ-Al2O3后,乙酸临氢反应转化率显著提高,可达33.2%.在3 MPa的氢气压力下,乙酸反应的途径可能为一部分乙酸被还原得到乙醇,乙醇与未还原的乙酸发生酯化,以乙酸乙酯和水为反应产物.     

固体超强酸ZrO_2/S_2O_8~(2-)催化合成乙酸正己酯

以固体超强酸ZrO2/S2O2-8为催化剂,乙酸和正己醇为原料合成了乙酸正己酯,考察了反应条件对酯化率的影响.结果表明,最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比1.4,催化剂用量0.5g(当乙酸用量为0.1mol时),带水剂苯15mL,在110～118℃反应1.5h,其酯化率达92%以上.该方法的优点是酯化率高,催化剂可重复使用且基本不腐蚀设备.     

双磺酸基功能化多酸类离子液体的制备及其催化合成乙酸正丁酯

制备了四种多酸类离子液体,并应用于乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,发现双磺酸基功能化的多酸类离子液体[BS_2DABCD]HPW_(12)O_(40)呈现出最高的催化活性.研究了反应温度、催化剂用量、乙酸与正丁醇的物质的量的比和反应时间等因素对乙酸正丁酯产率的影响.在最佳反应条件下,乙酸正丁酯的产率达到82%.催化剂重复使用4次后,乙酸正丁酯的产率没有明显降低,显示出良好的重复利用性.     

ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂制备及催化合成乙酸正丁酯

本文以共沉淀法制备了四方晶系锌锰复合氧化物ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试技术对样品进行了分析表征,结果表明所合成的催化剂为粒径均匀的纳米粒子,平均粒径在20-50 nm,具有较好的分散性。实验考察了所制备的ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂对乙酸和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性,表明ZnMn2O4对乙酸正丁酯的合成有较高的催化活性;探讨了催化剂焙烧温度、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比以及反应时间对酯化率的影响,确定了适宜的酯化反应条件,以焙烧温度为300 ℃制备的ZnMn2O4为催化剂,在催化剂用量为0.3%(以反应物总质量计)、酸醇摩尔比n(酸):n(醇)=1.8:1、反应时间为4 h、酯化反应温度120 ℃的条件下,酯化率可达92.53%。     

硫酸盐水合物催化下的酯化反应 II: 催化线性自由能方程

A new relationship based on the Hammett equation is derived for the esterification reaction of substituted carboxylic acid in the presence of hydrated sulphate salts and is called a catalyzing linear free energy equation. The equation can be expressed as log(KR(M)/K0Mn))=\s\*\T\^M + Ym where KR(M) is the rate constant of the esterification reaction of substituted acetic acid catalyzed by hydrated sulphate salts of M matal, K0(Mn) is the rate constant of that of acetic acid catalyzed by MnSO4.H2O, Ym is active index of catalyst. For reactions catalyzed by certain catalysts the rate constant of substituted acetic acid can be estimated from the equation.     

Preparation of benzyl acetate using polyaniline salts as catalysts ‐ Part II

Polyaniline salts were prepared by oxidizing aniline in presence of acid using benzoyl peroxide as an oxidizing agent. Polyaniline salt was used as catalyst for the esterification reaction of phenyl acetic acid with methanol. The process is being reported for the first time. Preparation of catalyst, recovery and reusability of the catalyst were found to be good. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金属离子负载修饰阳离子树脂在酯化反应中的研究

将催化精馏中常用作催化填料的强酸性阳离子交换树脂用金属离子负载修饰后，考察了树脂催化性能的改变及树脂结构对催化性能的影响。实验表明，经修饰后树脂的催化能力都高于原树脂，在不分水的情况下，合成乙酸乙酯时乙酸的转化率最高可达73％，具有很好的选择性，金属离子能与树脂的磺酸基团产生络合，提高了树指的催化性能，所形成的新酸中心不会被阳离子交换而失活。     

乙酸异丙酯的合成

以乙酸和异丙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠为催化剂,合成了乙酸异丙酯;考察了反应时间、酸醇比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳酯化反应条件:反应时间60min,酸醇的物质的量的比1∶0.8,催化剂用量0.8g,带水剂用量8mL.在最佳反应条件下,酯化率最高可达84.3%.     

脱铝超稳Y沸石催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究

研究了脱铝超稳Y沸石催化乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应。考察了催化剂硅铝比，催化剂用量，反应物配比，反应时间等因素对反应的影响。在适宜的反应条件下乙酸酯化率可达98．0％，且催化剂可重复使用。     

Efficient cenosphere supported catalyst for the esterification of n-octanol with acetic acid

An efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst was developed using cenospheres, a byproduct of coal-fired thermal power plants by the method of wet impregnation. Catalyst characterization was carried out using various analytical techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and surface acidity analysis. The characterization revealed the excellent catalytic activity of the catalyst for the esterification reaction of n-octanol and acetic acid. Various reaction parameters, namely, catalyst loading, a molar ratio of alcohol/acid and reaction temperature were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology using the Box–Behnken model. The response surface methodology model equations corresponding to the conversion of acid and % yield of ester were developed. The model well predicted the optimal reaction conditions, which were validated experimentally with good agreement. The excellent catalytic performance was observed in the esterification reaction with high conversion of acid (95.34%) and high yield of n-octyl acetate (94.81%). Reusability study of the catalyst showed that the catalyst could be used efficiently up to three reaction cycles. This study explores the use of cenospheres to prepare a solid acid catalyst for the industrially important esterification reactions.     

固体酸催化剂催化酯化反应研究：Ⅰ.催化剂的制备及性能

酯化反应是基本有机化学中的一个重要反应,传统上使用的浓H_2SO_4催化剂常常引起一些严重问题.如:设备腐蚀严重,引起副反应及产生大量难以处理的含酸残液等.近年来,采用各种分子筛,氧化物及超强酸等作为该过程的催化剂的研究工作多见报道,这些工作无疑具有重要意义,但主要问题在于低温催化活性不高.     

乙酸正丁酯的合成

以乙酸和正丁醇为原料,在硫酸氢钾催化下合成了乙酸正丁酯;考察了反应时间、醇酸比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及催化剂的重复使用对酯化率的影响.结果表明:当正丁醇用量为0.1mol,乙酸用量为0.135mol,催化剂硫酸氢钾用量为0.8g,带水剂环己烷用量为8mL时,反应的酯化率达95.2%.     

Esterification reaction kinetics of acetic acid and n-pentanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

This study reports experimental data and kinetic modeling of acetic acid esterification with n-pentanol using sulfated zirconia as a catalyst. Reactions were carried out in an isothermal well-mixed batch reactor at different temperatures (50-80°C), n-pentanol to acid molar ratios (1:1-3:1), and catalyst loadings (5-10 wt% in relation to the total amount of acetic acid). The reaction mechanism regarding the heterogeneous catalysis was evaluated considering pseudo-homogeneous, Eley–Rideal, and Langmuir–Hinshelwood model approaches. The reaction mixture was considered a nonideal solution and the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model was used to take into account the nonidealities in the liquid phase. The results obtained indicated that increases in the temperature and catalyst loading increased the product formation, while changes in the n-pentanol to acetic acid molar ratio showed no significant effect. The estimated enthalpy of the reaction was −8.49 kJ mol⁻¹, suggesting a slightly exothermic reaction. The Eley–Rideal model, with acetic acid adsorbed on the catalyst as the limiting step, was found to be the most significant reaction mechanism.