Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6非晶快淬薄带等温晶化行为及矫顽力研究

研究了Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6非晶快淬薄带在943,973和1003 K等温晶化与薄带组织和矫顽力的关系.结果表明,Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6快淬薄带在943 K等温晶化所需晶化孕育时间为12 min,973 K时为5Inin,而1003 K时不足5lIlin.Ndl 0_5%,‰NbB6在1003K晶化25 min后所得的(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B平均晶粒尺寸为163 nm,添加Nb显著延缓了Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6快淬薄带晶化后的晶粒尺寸长大.加Nb,Pr能有效提高Nd10.5Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6的矫顽力.在973 K晶化处理19min时得到平均晶粒尺寸为96 nm的(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B单相组织,其最大矫顽力为1616 kA·m-1.     

添加镝的Nd-Fe-B纳米晶单相合金的微结构与磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备了Nd12.3-xDyxFe79.7Zr0.8Nb0.8Cu0.4B6.0(x=0,0.5,1.5,2.5)合金纳米晶单相永磁薄带,研究了合金薄带晶化处理后,成分、组织结构与磁性能之间的关系.X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,淬态合金主要由非晶相和Nd2Fe14B相组成,完全晶化后由Nd2Fe14B相和少量α-Fe组成.高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析表明,经充分退火后,Nd2Fe14B晶体完整,晶粒间几乎没有边界相.随着Dy含量增加,晶粒尺寸细化,矫顽力大幅提高.x=0.5合金综合磁性能最佳,经过700℃晶化处理10min后,其磁性能为Jr=1.09 T,Hci=1048kA·m-1,(BH)max=169.5 kJ·m-3.     

低温热处理对α-Fe/Sm2Fe17Cx纳米复合永磁合金结构和磁性能的影响

采用X射线衍射分析、振动样品磁强计和差热分析研究了低温退火处理对Sm5Fe80Cu1Si5B3C2．5Zr3．5非晶合金晶化后纳米复合永磁体的组织结构、磁性能及晶化动力学的影响。结果表明,经400℃低温热处理后纳米复合合金中α-Fe相和Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx相的组织结构均产生了明显改变,晶粒尺寸分别从原始态（未经处理）的50．6nm（α—Fe相）和20．6nm（Sm2（Fe,si）17Cx相）改变为36．5和24．4nm;体积分数分别从71．1％（α-Fe相）和28．9％（Sm2（Fe,si）17Cx相）改变为76．7％和23．3％;同时磁耦合性能明显增强。晶化动力学分析发现,低温热处理增大了非晶合金的短程有序范围,改变了原始态非晶合金中α—Fe相和Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx相的晶化行为,这是优化α—Fe／Sm2（Fe,Si）17Cx复合纳米晶结构和提高磁耦合性能的根本原因。     

电沉积Ni81.32Mo18.68非晶/纳米晶镀层的晶化动力学

在碱式碳酸镍为主的盐溶液中用电沉积法制备出含Mo原子分数为18.68%的Ni-Mo合金镀层.X射线衍射(XRD)表明该镀层为非晶/纳米晶混合结构;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对这种非晶/纳米晶混合结构的合金进行了晶化动力学研究,测得其晶化激活能(E)为3.84x105 kJ·mol-1;晶化开始温度约为440℃,与非晶态结构Ni-Mo合金镀层相比,晶化温度提高了约13℃.热处理过程发现,非晶/纳米晶混合结构镀层中少量纳米晶的存在阻止了非晶态相转变的可能性,提高了混合结构镀层的热稳定性和晶化温度;镀层在450℃热处理过程中有新相产生,其不仅提高了镀层的密实度,同时也阻止了非晶态相的转变,提高了镀层的热稳定性.     

电沉积Ni81.32Mo18.68非晶/纳米晶镀层的晶化动力学

在碱式碳酸镍为主的盐溶液中用电沉积法制备出含Mo原子分数为18.68%的Ni-Mo合金镀层. X射线衍射(XRD)表明该镀层为非晶/纳米晶混合结构; 用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对这种非晶/纳米晶混合结构的合金进行了晶化动力学研究, 测得其晶化激活能(E)为3.84×105 kJ·mol-1; 晶化开始温度约为440 ℃, 与非晶态结构Ni-Mo合金镀层相比, 晶化温度提高了约13 ℃. 热处理过程发现, 非晶/纳米晶混合结构镀层中少量纳米晶的存在阻止了非晶态相转变的可能性, 提高了混合结构镀层的热稳定性和晶化温度; 镀层在450 ℃热处理过程中有新相产生, 其不仅提高了镀层的密实度, 同时也阻止了非晶态相的转变, 提高了镀层的热稳定性.     

添加铌对铜模吸铸Nd9Fe81-x-yTi4C2BxNby（x=11,13,15;y=0,4）合金铸态组织及其晶化行为的影响

采用铜模吸铸制备了厚度为0.8 mm,成分为Nd9Fe81-x-yTi4C2BxNby(x=11,13,15;y=0,4)的Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B型纳米复合永磁合金块体样品,研究了添加Nb对合金铸态组织及其晶化行为的影响,并测试了其磁性能。结果表明:在合金中添加4%(原子分数)Nb元素,不仅能抑制吸铸样品表面Nd2Fe23B3软磁性相、Nd1.1Fe4B4非磁性相和未知相的形成,导致Nd2Fe14B,Fe3B和α-Fe相的相对量增加,而且促使样品内部在非晶基体上形成了少量的Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe,Fe3B纳米晶。添加了Nb的合金吸铸样品表现出一定的硬磁性,其中Nd9Fe66Ti4C2B15Nb4吸铸样品具有最高的矫顽力(Hci=116.66 k A·m-1);添加4%(原子分数)Nb使得合金在晶化过程中由原来的异相同温一步晶化转变为两步晶化,且初始晶化温度Tx均明显降低,两个放热峰的ΔTpx均增大。     

快速凝固AlNiCuNd纳米/非晶复合材料的制备及显微组织研究

采用熔体单辊旋淬法制备了快凝Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3合金条带,利用差热扫描热力学(DSC)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析等手段对比研究了快凝合金条带及其不同退火态材料的晶化行为.选择合适工艺条件,对快凝合金条带进行等温加热退火,采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)观察分析了等温退火态材料显微组织特征.结果表明,快凝Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3合金薄带呈现出完全均匀的非晶态结构.随加热温度升高,非晶态薄带的晶化过程包括两个主要的相转变: α-Al晶体从非晶基体中析出的初始晶化以及有Al3Ni,Al11Nd3和Al8Cu3Nd形成的第二次晶化过程.在低于310 ℃下加热,快速凝固Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3金属玻璃中发生的主要相转变是富Al非晶的初始晶化.110 ℃等温退火态薄带主要是由α-Al加残余非晶相的两相组成,α-Al晶体纳米颗粒均匀弥散分布在残余非晶基体上.而在310 ℃热暴露后的退火试样中,在除α-Al晶体外的残留非晶相中开始出现极少量的Al3Ni金属间化合物.     

非晶Nd8Fe86B6合金快速晶化过程中的组织变化与磁性能

利用高频感应加热,对熔体快淬Nd8Fe86B6非晶薄带进行了快速晶化退火,并对退火后薄带的微观组织及磁学性能进行了分析.结果表明,快速加热可使非晶带迅速晶化.加热速度强烈地影响薄带的组织和磁性能.不同的加热速度下,都有一个最佳的得到较高磁学性能的加热时间与它相配合.当加热工艺为 加热电压5 kV,加热时间10 s时,晶化后的薄带磁性能可达(BH)max=105 kJ·m-3,Br=0.93 T,Hci=258 kA·m-1.     

铌和锆对(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B/α-Fe快淬合金晶化和磁性能的影响

研究了Nb和Zr添加对快淬纳米双相(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B/α-Fe合金晶化行为和磁性能的影响. 结果表明 (Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe85.5B6合金非晶晶化时, 在α-Fe相初始晶化后, 出现了(Nd,Pr)3Fe62B14亚稳相, 最终亚稳相分解形成(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B和α-Fe两相组织; (Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe84.5Nb0.5Zr0.5B6非晶晶化时, 同时析出α-Fe相和(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B相. 这说明添加Nb和Zr可避免亚稳相的形成并细化晶粒, 最大磁能积(BH)max从复合添加前的107.5上升到143.6 kJ·m-3. 而且, Nb和Zr原子在非晶晶化过程中可以部分取代Nd和Pr的晶位, 使稀土原子可以参与形成更多的硬磁相, 进一步提高了内禀矫顽力iHc. 合金(Nd0.4Pr0.6)8.5Fe84.5Zr0.5Nb0.5 B6经690 ℃退火10 min后磁性能最优, Br=1.10 T, iHc=534.2 kA·m-1, (BH)max=143.6 kJ·m-3.     

Nd60Fe20Al10Co10非晶粉末晶化过程及动力学研究

利用机械合金化制备出Nd60Fe20Al10Co10非晶粉末,采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)考察了Nd60Fe20Al10Co10非晶的晶化转变过程及其对磁性能的影响规律,用Kissinger方程计算了Nd60Fe20Al10Co10的晶化激活能,从晶化动力学的角度讨论了玻璃形成能力与晶化反应速率常数的关系。结果表明,Nd60Fe20Al10Co10合金的晶化过程为:非晶+α Fe→非晶+α Fe+Nd→非晶+α Fe+Nd+未知相Mx→α Fe+Nd+未知相Mx+Co2Nd+AlCo。晶化激活能E约为173kJ·mol-1。非晶相的的弛豫无序结构是Nd60Fe20Al10Co10具有硬磁性的原因。完全晶化后硬磁性迅速消失。     

A new method for studying crystallization of amorphous alloys

Experiments on the crystallization of amorphous Fe?Si?B alloys were carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). This new method gives us some important information about the magnetic phase transformation of amorphous alloys, especially the magnetic volume change in crystallization beside the energy change obtained by the traditional DSC and DTA methods. Crystallization activation energies of Fe?Si?B amorphous alloy are calculated from both TG and DTA curves. The experiment also showed that the addition of Nb, Cu and Mo would influence the crystallization transition temperature of amorphous Fe?Si?B alloys greatly.     

Crystallization behaviour of Fe−(Nb,Cu)−Si−B metallic glasses

The crystallization behaviour and Curie temperatures of Fe?(Nb,Cu)?Si?B metallic glasses were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomagnetic gravimetry (TMG) and X-ray diffraction. The agreement between the DSC and TMG results was complete. For all Fe?Si?B amorphous alloys, two-peak crystallization was observed with the primary crystallization of α-Fe(Si) followed by eutectic crystallisation. The effects of Cu and Nb additions on the crystallization behaviour and on the activation energies for each stage of the crystallization process of Fe?Si?B glass were investigated.     

Thermal induced structural and magnetic transformations in Fe73.5−xCex=0,3,5,7Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 amorphous alloy

Structural and magnetic properties of amorphous and partly crystallized Fe_73.5?xCe_x=0,3,5,7Si_13.5B₉Nb₃Cu₁ alloys, were analysed in the temperature ranging from RT to 800 °C with scanning calorimetry and magnetometry. The Fe(Si) and Fe(B) structures were identified and characterised with set of crystallization temperatures and activation energies. Also, Curie temperatures for amorphous and for crystalline structures were determined and analysed as functions of Ce content.     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10 (M=Cr,Co, Fe,Nb, Ta)储氢合金的微结构及电化学性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备了V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10(M=Cr, Co, Fe, Nb, Ta)储氢电极合金, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子衍射能谱(EDS)分析和电化学测试等手段系统研究了添加元素M对合金微结构与电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 所有合金均由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和C14型Laves第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布; Cr、Nb 和Ta元素主要分布在合金主相中, 而Co和Fe元素主要分布在第二相中. 电化学性能测试表明, 在V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03合金中掺加Cr、Co、Fe、Nb或Ta元素后, 虽然会降低最大放电容量, 但能有效抑制合金中V和Ti的腐蚀溶出, 提高电极充放电循环稳定性; 同时还能明显改善合金的高倍率放电性能. 相比之下, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03Cr0.10合金具有最佳的综合电化学性能.     

Determination of boron in amorphous and nanostructured soft magnetic alloys, ribbons and layered materials by ICP atomic emission spectrometry

Optimum conditions for the accurate determination of B in amorphous or nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe and Co base alloys (ribbons), boride coated powders and other materials by ICP atomic emission spectrometry are worked out. The spectral interferences of the 3 most prominent B emission lines caused by the matrix elements Fe, Co and Ni and the enhancement of the B blank values by a memory effect are investigated. Using a well-suited line fitted to the sample matrix and a special measuring regime including frequent recalibrations by an external standard, the total error of the analytical method could be reduced to 0.02% at B contents of 1 to 5% (w/w).     

The effect of Nb and Ni addition on crystallization behavior of amorphous–nanocrystalline Fe–Cr–B–Si alloys

The crystallization behavior of amorphous Fe–Cr–B–Si alloys in the presence of Ni and Nb elements was the goal of this study. In this regard, four different amorphous–nanocrystalline Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅M₁₀ (M=Fe, Nb, Ni, Ni_0.5Nb_0.5) alloys were prepared using mechanical alloying technique up to 20 h. Based on the achieved results, in contrast to Fe₅₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅ alloy, the amorphous phase can be successfully prepared in the presence of Ni and Nb in composition. Although the crystallization mechanism of prepared amorphous phase in different alloys was the same, the Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Nb₁₀ alloy showed higher thermal stability in comparison with other samples. The crystallization activation energy of this amorphous alloy was estimated about 410 kJ mol^?1 which was much higher than Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Ni₁₀ (195.5 kJ mol^?1) and Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Ni₅Nb₅ (360 kJ mol^?1) samples. The calculated values of Avrami exponent (1.5 < n < 2.2) indicated that the crystallization process in different alloying systems is the same and to be governed by a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth.     

Highly accurate analysis of soft magnetic alloys by automated sample digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES

A study has been made of the feasibilities of automatic microwave-heated acid digestion and simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for highly accurate analysis of soft magnetic alloys. The results of the analysis of a nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy for Fe, B, Si, Cu and Nb were compared to those obtained by the classical chemical analysis methods. It can be shown that the automated digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES fulfil the accuracy requirements in most cases. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the analysis by automated digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES is considerably faster and has a reduced chemical consumption.     

Determination of boron in amorphous and nanostructured soft magnetic alloys,ribbons and layered materials by ICP atomic emission spectrometry

Optimum conditions for the accurate determination of B in amorphous or nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe and Co base alloys (ribbons), boride coated powders and other materials by ICP atomic emission spectrometry are worked out. The spectral interferences of the 3 most prominent B emission lines caused by the matrix elements Fe, Co and Ni and the enhancement of the B blank values by a memory effect are investigated. Using a well-suited line fitted to the sample matrix and a special measuring regime including frequent recalibrations by an external standard, the total error of the analytical method could be reduced to 0.02% at B contents of 1 to 5% (w/w).     

Highly accurate analysis of soft magnetic alloys by automated sample digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES

A study has been made of the feasibilities of automatic microwave-heated acid digestion and simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for highly accurate analysis of soft magnetic alloys. The results of the analysis of a nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy for Fe, B, Si, Cu and Nb were compared to those obtained by the classical chemical analysis methods. It can be shown that the automated digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES fulfil the accuracy requirements in most cases. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the analysis by automated digestion and simultaneous ICP-OES is considerably faster and has a reduced chemical consumption.     

Corrosion resistance of molybdenum silicides in aqueous solutions

The corrosion performance of Mo-22Si and Mo-25Si alloys in 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, at room temperature, was evaluated using electrochemical techniques. In 0.5 M NaCl, additionally, the effect of solution pH (3, 7 and 10) and concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) was studied using techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical noise in current. The alloy contained either -Mo or Mo₅Si₃ phases in a Mo₃Si matrix. Polarization results showed that only the alloys containing 22Si developed a passive film in 0.5 M NaOH solution, whereas the alloy containing 25Si was passivated only in 0.5 M NaCl, pH 10 solution. In 0.5 M NaCl, pH 7 and 0.5 M NaOH solutions, the alloy with 25Si was the one with the highest corrosion rate, whereas the one containing 22Si was the most corrosion resistant. In NaCl solutions, the alloys exhibited a localized type of corrosion, but not in NaOH solutions. Alkaline NaCl solutions increased the corrosion rate of the 75Mo-25Si alloy with respect to acidic or neutral solutions, whereas diluted (0.1 M) or concentrated (1.0 M) NaCl solutions produced lower corrosion rates than the 0.5 M NaCl solution. Some localized type of corrosion occurred in the NaCl solutions, due to a selective corrosion of the -Mo and Mo₅Si₃ phases with respect to the Mo₃Si matrix.