城市道路交通智能照明系统设计

为了实现对城市道路照明的智能化管理,运用物联网技术[1]、电力线载波及无线通信技术,构建由服务器、集中器和控制器组成三级网络架构的城市照明智能监控系统。实现控制器、集中器、服务器和监控终端之间的互联,并通过DTU与互联网连接,每一个控制器终端通过独有的ID接入到因特网。系统利用安装在监控中心服务器中的监控软件和数据库、GIS等,实现了对城市照明系统智能化控制和科学管理,是物联网技术在节能减排、创建新型智慧型城市方面的应用场景之一。     

基于物联网云平台及STM32F100的壁挂炉远程控制系统研究

物联网是未来网络技术的发展方向,针对物联网技术的广泛应用,设计并实现了基于Ayla云平台的壁挂炉远程控制系统,提出了以Ayla模块和Ayla云为核心的远程控制方案,展现了以“传统壁挂炉+Ayla云平台”的远程控制模式,利用移动互联网技术,实现了让用户通过手机APP对家用壁挂炉进行远程控制及工作状态查询;在实验室环境下,重点实验了壁挂炉与Ayla云平台的通讯,结果达到了远程通信安全、即时的要求,并最终将文章介绍的控制及通信技术成功应用于某壁挂炉的物联网远程控制。     

物联网技术平台在车间作业调度中的应用

通过物联网的原理和架构,对其关键技术进行研究,构建以物联网关键技术为基础的运营平台;对网络环境下的车间作业调度系统进行分析和研究,结合物联网技术平台,利用平台中的RFID等信息传感设备将采集到的车间底层信息通过无线传感器网络传送到中央信息系统,实现对待加工零件的实时信息采集和识别,进而通过开放式的计算机网络循环结构实现车间底层、管理层和用户层的信息交换和共享;车间现场数据采集的实时化、自动化和可视化使企业信息实现全程"透明"管理,实时监控生产加工过程,为企业在智能生产领域的长远发展提供了重要依据。     

云平台下智慧农业传感网络的设计与实现

近年来,随着互联网平台的迅速发展,农业传感网络能促进农业向网络型转化;针对传统农业存在的资源交互性差、有效农业数据普及范围小、农业网络信息更新速度慢等问题,提出云平台下智慧农业传感网络的设计与实现;利用大数据环境搭建专项数据云平台,储存汇集优良农业网络数据资源;采用云采资源换算算法,对云端平台内的数据进行快速调取,进行双位动态影像空间设计;智能交互窗口模块分为资源检索、资源导航、农资互动、专家指导4个板块,智能交互窗口模块采用高速视频无损压制算法,能够保证传输流畅,同时采用片源压制减小片源体积;通过仿真实验测试证明,提出的云平台下智慧农业传感网络的设计各项数据优异,满足现代农业发展应用要求,为现代化网络型智慧农业的生产应用领域提供新的思路。     

一种基于模糊逻辑的物联网访问控制框架研究

访问控制协议是网络中资源安全访问与共享的重要研究内容。为了提高物联网中访问控制协议的可扩展性和能源利用率,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的访问控制协议。首先通过模糊的信任值对设备间的访问控制权限进行定义。其次,基于经验、知识和推荐的语言模型及其成员函数定义进行信任值的计算。最后提出了一种物联网访问控制框架。最后通过模拟实验表明,随着网络节点个数的增加,平均能量消耗逐渐增大,提出的方法在相同的网络环境下其平均能量消耗小于经典的访问控制方法,而且提出的方法在节点规模增大的情况下,平均能量消耗的增加率逐渐减小,这些表明了提出的方法与传统的访问控制协议相比,可扩展性好,能量利用率高,因而更适用于物联网环境下的访问控制。     

一种云平台智能家居系统设计与实现

随着信息技术和物联网技术的快速发展,人们不断提 高物质生活的需求,努力寻找安全、舒适、的生活方式;主要研究了基于物联网技术的智能家居系统,首先在系统硬件方面,利用了GPRS模块作为远程人机交互手段,接收和发送信息,利用器件组成ZigBee网络实现短距离的无线网络通信,并详细给出了各硬件模块的功能和实现方法;在系统软件设计方面,利用AT指令编写程序,利用单片机实现了对家用电器的控制;在智能家居控制系统中应用了星型网的网络拓扑,通过ZigBee网实现了节点之间无线通信;最后通过实例进行验证,整个系统实现防盗报警自动化、远程家电控制、灯光控制、居家场景控制及家居控制等功能,达到使我们的生活更加的安全、便捷。     

面向服务的物联网应用支撑系统的设计与实现

针对物联网应用中感知设备与业务交互日趋频繁复杂所带来的碎片化问题,提出一种面向服务的物联网应用支撑系统。利用SOA三元域软件模型将实际应用业务与感知设备之间的基础性业务流程,以服务形式抽象。融合中间件技术,构建一个屏蔽异构的应用支撑系统,系统以服务松耦合形式完成物理性数据向信息化数据过渡的映射过程,使实际业务与感知设备之间实现透明交互。设计模型以企业级开发进行系统实现,并在实际液化石油气监测应用中进行部署测试,测试表明该系统能够实现基础操作碎片化的消除,在企业级指标范围内很好地完成应用服务的交互。     

云平台分布式智能感知物联网应用开发

在全面分析物联网应用开发复杂性的基础上,探讨了使用全新异步非阻塞的服务器平台Node.js用于开发物联网的优点。在开源框架Zetta基础上提出了各种物联网设备的基于Node.js的统一模型法,并将物联网与云平台集成开发新型物联网应用的有益探索和运用。     

WebGIS架构下的地理信息系统构建研究

针对目前地理信息系统对地理位置不能实时掌握,缺乏自组网管理等方面的问题,采用WebGIS技术构建物联网环境下的地理信息管理系统。利用OpenStack 云计算平台建立信息传感网,采用Web技术进行地理信息系统GIS的网络组网设计,实现了对地理信息的对象存储、虚拟计算服务以及远程调用和监控等操作。在系统测试中通过对地理位置定位模拟,验证该系统的有效性,测试结果表明,采用该系统进行地理信息管理,对地理位置的定位精度较高,能使各类地理信息动态显示在界面上,系统的稳定性较好。     

基于ZigBee的温室环境无线测控系统

为了实现温室大棚环境的无线、远程实时监控,提出了一种以CC2430芯片为核心的ZigBee温室环境无线测控系统。描述了终端节点、路由节点和协调器节点的硬件组成和软件流程,并应用改进的Cluster-Tree路由算法组成ZigBee无线传感网络,实现数据的无线传输。利用串口通信技术实现无线传感网络与Yeelink物联网平台的通信,管理者可远程登陆Yeelink平台和手机APP查看温室环境信息以及控制节点状态。经实验测试,大棚内无线节点间的通信距离约80米,并且实现了光强、空气温湿度及土壤湿度的监控。测试表明系统构建简单,稳定可靠,为智能农业的设计提供了参考。     

An IOT based smart grid system for advanced cooperative transmission and communication

In the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, devices will predominate, using it in a manner similar to how people used it. Devices will cooperating in a multicast network to collect, share, and forward information way while interacting with one another autonomously and without centralised supervision. The building of an intelligent environment the capability of real-time collection of data, which is crucial for maximising the value of the IoT, will make this possible. A typical electric grid is made up of many power plants that use various power generating units, such as coal-based units, gas-based units, hydro units, etc. The majority of the infrastructure and wires that make up the conventional electricity grid have been in existence for a long time, it should be mentioned. They require significant investments, so providing them could take years. As a result, many grid components are outmoded and must be maintained and monitored on a regular basis to keep power flowing. A sophisticated technology is the smart grid (SG) system that makes it easier to integrate green technology and environmental considerations. The SG cyber–physical system was implemented thanks to the advancement and use of communication technologies in the conventional power system. The Internet of Things (IoT) and essential devices are both present in the complicated architecture of the SG systems. The traditional electric grids are been transformed into smart and efficient grid known as “Smart grid”. The Internet of Things’ smart grid allows for two-way communications among connected devices and technology that can recognise and respond to human needs. The cost and reliability of a smart grid are superior to that of conventional power infrastructure. Through use and data maintenance, smart grid technology will assist in reducing energy use and costs. One of the primary contributions made to grids is the integration of IoT with producing facilities using sustainable energy at various levels. To enhance the smart grid for bidirectional information exchange, improve power quality, and increase reliability Internet of Things (IOT) devices are becoming an important part of smart electric grid. IOT Infrastructure (IOTI) provide a flexible, efficient and secure platform providing strategic management for monitoring and controlling of different operations under different working conditions. This paper discusses cyber security on IOT based infrastructure for electric power systems. A comprehensive study is highlighted which includes type of IOTs, architecture used for smart grid, and future challenges.     

基于物联网的城市河道酸碱度远程检测系统的设计

随着城市经济的发展,城市河道水环境受到了严重的污染和破坏,其中水质的酸碱度是水质污染的一个重要指标。由于城市河道水质污染的不确定性,一套能够在野外无人看管的环境下,多节点多范围对河道水质酸碱度实时检测系统成为一种需求。系统中每个采集节点连有pH传感器,采集的pH值数据通过Zigbee模块传给基站,基站将每个节点的数据与时间和地点信息绑定存储到云端数据库。管理人员可以通过网页随时随地了解当前各区域的水质酸碱度情况,如一旦水质出现污染,管理人员可以通过后台了解水质污染的扩散情况和污染源头,可以及时采取措施降低损失。该系统的运用与传统的人工现场取样带回实验室分析的方法相比,不但极大的提高了预警能力而且还大幅降低人力成本。     

优先权排队在消防物联网中的应用

针对消防物联网系统中消防监控中心收到的火警信息存在延迟,可能导致救火作战时机延误的问题,提出了一种火警信息优先传输的解决方案。首先,推导出FCFS的M/M/1排队系统的运行指标;其次,将消防报警信息分为火警报警信息、火警消除信息、故障报警信息和故障消除信息等四个优先级,建立非抢占优先权排队系统,并推导出各个优先级的运行指标;最后,从平均逗留时间和平均队长两个维度,比较了非抢占优先权排队系统和M/M/1系统的性能。提出的火警信息优先传输方案,满足了火警信息时延小的要求,同时实现复杂度低,为消防物联网安全信息数据的获取提供一定的理论支撑。     

Why are large cities faster? Universal scaling and self-similarity in urban organization and dynamics

Cities have existed since the beginning of civilization and have always been intimately connected with humanity's cultural and technological development. Much about the human and social dynamics that takes place is cities is intuitively recognizable across time, space and culture; yet we still do not have a clear cut answer as to why cities exist or to what factors are critical to make them thrive or collapse. Here, we construct an extensive quantitative characterization of the variation of many urban indicators with city size, using large data sets for American, European and Chinese cities. We show that social and economic quantities, characterizing the creation of wealth and new ideas, show increasing returns to population scale, which appear quantitatively as a power law of city size with an exponent β≃ 1.15 > 1. Concurrently, quantities characterizing material infrastructure typically show economies of scale, namely β≃ 0.8 < 1. The existence of pervasive scaling relations across city size suggests a universal social dynamics common to all cities within an urban system. We sketch some of their general ingredients, which include the acceleration of social life and a restructuring of individual social networks as cities grow larger. We also build simple dynamical models to show that increasing returns in wealth and innovation can fuel faster than exponential growth, which inexorably lead to crises of urban organization. To avoid them we show that growth may proceed in cycles, separated by major urban adaptations, with the unintended consequence that the duration of such cycles decreases with larger urban population size and is now estimated to be shorter than a human lifetime.     

基于B/S架构的网络化可配置综合测试平台实现与应用

为解决电子装备在研制生产过程中普遍存在的测试设备通用性差、测试过程管理缺失等共性问题,改变当前单机测试孤立的测试作业模式,在进行测试标准库建设的基础上,参照物联网设计思维,网络化可配置综合测试平台基于B/S架构实现,将测试对象、测试仪器作为物联网中的传感节点来进行采集控制,结合可配置共性测试技术与信息集成技术,在网页上统一实现了测试任务管理、测试文件配置、测试用例执行、测试结果评估,实现了电子装备的各个测试阶段的联网检测与集成管理。测试平台形成了基于测试知识积累的高效测试产出能力,可缩短测试开发周期,提高测试效率与仪器利用率,提高测试数据利用维度,加强计划与质量管理,为电子装备的全生命周期管理提供重要支撑。     

Regional Population Forecast and Analysis Based on Machine Learning Strategy

Regional population forecast and analysis is of essence to urban and regional planning, and a well-designed plan can effectively construct a sound national infrastructure and stabilize positive population growth. Traditionally, either urban or regional planning relies on the opinions of demographers in terms of how the population of a city or a region will grow. Multi-regional population forecast is currently possible, carried out mainly on the basis of the Interregional Cohort-Component model. While this model has its unique advantages, several demographic rates are determined based on the decisions made by primary planners. Hence, the only drawback for cohort-component type population forecasting is allowing the analyst to specify the demographic rates of the future, and it goes without saying that this tends to introduce a biased result in forecasting accuracy. To effectively avoid this problem, this work proposes a machine learning-based method to forecast multi-regional population growth objectively. Thus, this work, drawing upon the newly developed machine learning technology, attempts to analyze and forecast the population growth of major cities in Taiwan. By effectively using the advantage of the XGBoost algorithm, the evaluation of feature importance and the forecast of multi-regional population growth between the present and the near future can be observed objectively, and it can further provide an objective reference to the urban planning of regional population.     

Vulnerability analysis of interdependent infrastructure systems: A methodological framework

Infrastructure systems such as power and water supplies make up the cornerstone of modern society which is essential for the functioning of a society and its economy. They become more and more interconnected and interdependent with the development of scientific technology and social economy. Risk and vulnerability analysis of interdependent infrastructures for security considerations has become an important subject, and some achievements have been made in this area. Since different infrastructure systems have different structural and functional properties, there is no universal all-encompassing ‘silver bullet solution’ to the problem of analyzing the vulnerability associated with interdependent infrastructure systems. So a framework of analysis is required. This paper takes the power and water systems of a major city in China as an example and develops a framework for the analysis of the vulnerability of interdependent infrastructure systems. Four interface design strategies based on distance, betweenness, degree, and clustering coefficient are constructed. Then two types of vulnerability (long-term vulnerability and focused vulnerability) are illustrated and analyzed. Finally, a method for ranking critical components in interdependent infrastructures is given for protection purposes. It is concluded that the framework proposed here is useful for vulnerability analysis of interdependent systems and it will be helpful for the system owners to make better decisions on infrastructure design and protection.     

Evolution of the use of relational and NoSQL databases in the ATLAS experiment

The ATLAS experiment used for many years a large database infrastructure based on Oracle to store several different types of non-event data: time-dependent detector configuration and conditions data, calibrations and alignments, configurations of Grid sites, catalogues for data management tools, job records for distributed workload management tools, run and event metadata. The rapid development of “NoSQL” databases (structured storage services) in the last five years allowed an extended and complementary usage of traditional relational databases and new structured storage tools in order to improve the performance of existing applications and to extend their functionalities using the possibilities offered by the modern storage systems. The trend is towards using the best tool for each kind of data, separating for example the intrinsically relational metadata from payload storage, and records that are frequently updated and benefit from transactions from archived information. Access to all components has to be orchestrated by specialised services that run on front-end machines and shield the user from the complexity of data storage infrastructure. This paper describes this technology evolution in the ATLAS database infrastructure and presents a few examples of large database applications that benefit from it.