直读光谱法测定析出锌中铅、铜、铁、镉、锡、铝的含量

研究了湿法冶炼产出的析出锌,经过冲床冲压脱模、马弗炉高温熔化、模具浇铸成型、车床切削等过程,于直读光谱仪上测定析出锌中铅、铜、铁、镉、锡、铝含量的方法。通过实验确认了仪器的工作条件、熔样器皿、熔样温度、析出锌取样位置,并对熔样铸锭后铅、铜、铁、镉、锡、铝的偏析情况进行了分析,铅最大偏差达到30%,经玻璃棒搅动后保温,铅的偏差消除,拟定了直读光谱法测定析出锌中铅、铜、铁、镉、锡、铝含量的方法,应用后可以快速出具分析结果,指导生产。     

ICP-AES法测定锡铅焊料中铜铁镉锌铝铋

锡铅焊料试样经盐酸、硝酸分解后，加入一定量的硫酸沉淀分离基体铅，以盐酸一氢溴酸排锡后，采用ICP—AES法同时测定铜、铁、镉、锌、铝、铋。方法没有谱线和背景干扰，检出限铜为0．000034％，铁为0．000038％，镉为0．000026％，锌为0．000071％，铝为0．00025％，铋为0．00060％，回收率在91．09／5～99．2％之间。完全满足锡铅焊料中的铜、铁、镉、锌、铝、铋测定的要求。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锌-铝-镉牺牲阳极中多种元素含量

利用稀王水溶解试样,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌-铝-镉牺牲阳极中铝、镉、铁、铅、铜和硅6种元素的分析方法。各元素的精密度均小于5%,检出限及回收率分别在0.0012%～0.016%和94.6%～105%。对实际样品进行分析,检测结果与其它实验室结果一致。     

ICP–AES法同时检测生蚝中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁含量时3种样品前处理方法比较

采用干法、湿法和微波消解法处理珠海生蚝样品,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在谱线Pb 220.3 nm,Cu 324.7 nm,Cd 228.8 nm,Cr 283.5 nm,Fe 259.9 nm下测定样品中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁5种重金属元素的含量。结果表明,珠海市4个养殖基地的生蚝重金属含量均在国标限量范围内。铅、铜、镉、铬、铁各元素线性相关系数分别为0.999 8,0.999 4,0.999 9,0.999 2,0.997 8,检出限分别为0.020,0.014,0.001,0.036,0.120 mg/kg。干法、湿法、微波消解法的加标回收率分别为72.8%~99.3%,88.0%~102.0%,89.0%~103.0%。微波消解处理样品,ICP–AES法同时测定4种样品中5种重金属的含量,其测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于17%。微波消解–ICP–AES适合生蚝中铅、铜、镉、铬、铁含量的快速测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝

采用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸(氟化氢铵)、高氯酸分解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝的量。其测定范围:ω(Cu):0.01%～0.60%;ω(Pb):0.10%～5.00%;ω(Fe):0.10%～5.00%;ω(In):0.0100%～0.200%;ω(Cd):0.010%～3.00%;ω(As):0.10%～2.00%;ω(Ca):0.10%～10.00%;ω(Al):0.10%～4.00%。各元素的加标回收率为93%～113%。方法准确、快速、可靠,适用于再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝量的同时测定。     

极谱法同时测定海水中的铜、镉、铅、锌

建立极谱法同时测定海水中铜、镉、铅、锌的含量。在10.0～35.0℃条件下,试样于–1.15 V恒压下电解,富集在汞电极上生成汞齐,并随电极电位的变化而发生氧化还原反应,产生电流,通过标准加入法进行定性和定量。铜、镉、铅、锌的检出限分别为0.64,0.14,0.17,2.0μg/L,定量限分别为2.5,0.50,0.50,10.0μg/L。样品加标回收率为80.4%～106.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%～6.09%(n=6)。该法具有操作简便、抗干扰性能强、灵敏度高等特点,能够满足海水中铜、镉、铅、锌的监测要求。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定锌铝铜合金中的铝、铜、铁、硅、镍、铅和镉

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铝铜合金ZnAl6Cu1中铝、铜、铁、硅、镍、铅和镉的分析方法。探讨了各元素的分析条件,比较了不同制样方式及不同放置时间对铝强度的影响。在最佳的仪器分析条件下,测定了微量元素的检出限及主、次元素的精密度和准确度。检出限结果表明:各微量元素的检出限均满足标准要求,Cd和Pb元素的定量限稍高。精密度和准确度结果表明,铝、铜、铁元素的测量相对标准偏差在2.1%~5.9%,分析结果与国家标准方法一致。     

硅酸岩中钙、镁、铝(钛)、铁的连续络合测定

利用EDTA络合法连续测定钙、镁和连续测定铁、铝(钛)的资料颇多,但是迄今为止尚未见到有连续络合测定钙、镁、铝、铁的方法。资料介绍利用氟化铵和碳酸钾(或氟化氢钾)在PH5—5.5沉淀铁(Ⅲ)为六氟铁酸钾(K_3FeF_6)以掩蔽铁,然后可作铜、铅、镍、钴、锌和镉等元素的间接络合滴定。据此,我们通过     

EDTA滴定法测定冰铜中的锌量

研究了EDTA滴定法测定冰铜中含量在2%~6%锌的测定方法,其中重点讨论了冰铜中的铜、铁、铅、铝、砷、锑、镉等干扰元素对锌的测定影响及其消除方法;讨论了滴定酸度、滴定温度及陈化时间对锌的测定影响;7次测定相对标准偏差为1.1%~1.6%,加标回收率达到96.2%~104%,与原子吸收光谱法测定结果比对,满足分析要求。     

海水中铜、铅、镉、锌国标测定条件优化

对海水中铜、铅、镉、锌国标测定方法进行了条件优化,研究了冲洗溶液、萃取溶剂、络合剂、pH、提取量对实验结果的影响,在优化条件下,铜、铅、镉、锌测定的相对标准偏差在0.0%~2.0%之间,标样测定结果均优于等离子发射光谱法等4种方法。     

FAAS法测定豫南板栗中的微量元素

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）对河南信阳地区产的板栗中的Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cd和Pb进行了测定。结果表明,其Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn等元素的含量都比较丰富,未检出Cd和Pb。数据显示相对标准偏差为0．30％-3．92％,回收率为96．8％～102．5％,该法快速、简单,结果可靠,为进一步探讨豫南板栗的药用价值提供了理论依据。     

成都市东郊土壤中重金属元素垂直分布研究

采用王水消解样品,利用原子吸收分光光度法,对重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)在成都市东郊土壤中的垂直分布进行了研究。该法对Cu的回收率为98%~104%,精密度为2.75%;Pb的回收率为95~97%,精密度为3.11%;Zn的回收率为99%~101%,精密度为2.31%;Cd的回收率为97%~102%,精密度为3.32%,测定方法简单、准确。     

Phenolic compounds,antioxidant activity and Cu,Zn, Cd and Pb content in wild and cultivated cranberries and blueberries

The aim of this study was to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and the total polyphenol (TP) content as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in wild cranberries and blueberries collected from different localities of the Slovakia and to compare them with properties of six cranberry and six highbush blueberry cultivars obtained from the research centre. Compared with cultivated cranberries (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb content: 0.642, 1.496, 0.015 and 0.050 mg/kg FM) in wild fruits, higher Cu (by 37%) and lower Zn, Cd and Pb (by 8%, 7% and 44% respectively) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry method. In wild blueberries, higher Cu, Zn and Pb (by 16%, 209% and 80% respectively) and similar Cd contents were determined compared with cultivated fruits (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb content: 0.483, 0.541, 0.003 and 0.055 mg/kg FM). The TP contents estimated by spectrophotometry using Folin–Ciocalteau reagent were in intervals 1405–3161 (cranberries) and 1300–3077 (blueberries) expressed as mg GAE/kg FM. While the average TP content determined in wild cranberries was by 31% lower than that in cultivated cranberries, in wild blueberries it was by 97% higher compared with highbush blueberry cultivars. The values of TAC determined by spectrophotometry method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were in range 20.67–22.22 (cranberries) and 14.03–24.79 (blueberries) expressed as mmol TE/kg FM. In wild cranberries and blueberries, the lower average TAC values compared with cultivated berries were determined (by 1% and 28%, respectively).     

原子吸收光谱法测定宁夏几种中草药中微量元素含量

采用原子光谱法测定了宁夏几种野生中草药苦豆子、败酱草、老瓜头全草及根、茎、叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd 8种元素的含量。结果表明,几种野生中草药Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量较为丰富,Pb含量低,Cd未检出,分析结果对几种中草药的辨证使用及其生长环境的研究具有一定的实际意义。     

Preparation, characterization and metal sorption studies of a Chrome-Azurol-S-loaded anion-exchange resin

Chrome Azurol S (CS) was mobilized on an strongly basic anion-exchange resin (Dowex 2 x 4, in Cl(-) form) by batch equilibration. The modified resin was stable in acetate buffer solution and in 0.1 M HCl and H(2)SO(4), but it was readily degraded with 2-6 M HCl and HNO(3). Retention of Ba(II), Sr(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Al(III), Cr(III), Zn(II), Fe(III), Ti(IV), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) was studied using the batch equilibration method. The uptake and recovery yields were determined by using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (for Mg, Al, Cr, Ti, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (for Ba, Sr, Ca and Co). The optimum pH value was established for performing a selective separation of Al(III) from the other metal ions. The sorption capacities of the CS-loaded resing for Al(III), Cr(III), Mg(II) (at pH 6), Fe(III) (at pH 5) and Ti(IV) (at pH 4) were 14, 2.9, 0.3, 3 and 3.9 mumoles g(-1) respectively. On this basis a method for separating Al(III) from other cations was established.     

Inter-annual variability in atmospheric input and partitioning of heavy metals in the Lagoon of Venice

Atmospheric bulk deposition of major and trace elements was measured at Venice from November 1995 to October 1997. Collection was carried out using polyethylene bulk passive samplers, samples being collected bi-weekly. In order to highlight the contribution of the atmosphere to water chemistry and particle budgets in the Lagoon of Venice, the geochemical composition (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, As) of dissolved and insoluble bulk fractions was determined by AAS + ICP mass spectrometry. Great sample variability was found, with almost two orders of magnitude between maximum and minimum values for several metals. All fluxes in 1995/96 were 30% lower than in 1996/97, ranging from -3% (Ca) to -57% (Li), except for Zn, Cd and As. On the contrary, the solubility of all elements decreased during 1996/97. Partitioning between soluble and insoluble phases shows that Al, Cr, Fe and Si are mainly in the insoluble form, whereas for As, Ca, Cu, Mg, Na, Ni, K, Pb and Zn the dissolved fraction represents 50-90% of total input. The amount of particle load affects partitioning between dissolved and particulate, especially for Al and Pb. Seasonal variability was evident. The lowest pH values (approximately 5.2) were recorded in winter, causing an increase of solubility for all metals except for As, which showed the highest solubility in summer.     

Über eine allgemein anwendbare Methode zur Bestimmung von Aluminiuni in Stahl

The method has been worked out for Al contents from 0.01 to 1.1% in iron, steels and alloy steels, and tested with standard reference materials. Aluminium is separated by 8-hydroxy-quinoline at pH 9 after Hg-electrolysis and step-wise pre-extraction of interfering constituents as Fe, Mo, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Mo, Pb, Ni, Sb, Zn, Sn, Mn. Finally the 8-hydroxy-quinoline extract is digested with nitric/sulphuric acid and aluminium is determined spectrophotometrically by the Aluminon method.     

原子吸收光谱法测定皇冠草地上部分的7种微量元素

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了皇冠草地上部分所含微量元素铜、锰、锌、铁、镉、铅、铬.结果表明,皇冠草地上部分含有较丰富的铜、锰、锌、铁,RSD≤4.23％(n=4),加标回收率99.20％～103.00％.     

Assessing spatial distribution,sources, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Nansi Lake,Eastern China

The study is conducted to investigate the spatial distribution, sources and ecological risk of seven heavy metals in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, Eastern China. A total of 29 samples were collected in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, and were analyzed for three nutrients (TN, TOC and TP), two major metals (Al and Fe), as well as seven trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn). The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Fe and Al were 14.41, 0.22, 71.10, 30.1, 0.048, 29.14, 90.2, 30,816 and 70,653 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the mean contents of these metals were higher than the background values with the exception of Cu and Fe. The spatial distribution indicated that the contents of all seven heavy metals were characterized by relatively higher contents in the upper lake than the lower lake. The hotspots with high values of As, Cd and Hg were associated with the river mouths, and the hotspots of Pb were mainly located around the dam in the central part, while no significant associations were displayed between spatial distribution of Cr, Cu, Zn and the river mouths. The mean enrichment factor (EF) values of As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 2.03, 2.93, 3.21 and 2.18, respectively, showing their moderate enrichment, while Cr, Cu and Zn with mean EF values of 1.19, 0.89 and 1.01 were deficiency to minimal enrichment. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses suggested that PC1 controlled by Cr, Cu and Zn was a lithogenic component, and come from parent rocks leaching. PC2 including Cd and partially Hg represented the factor from industrial wastewater discharge. PC3 showed elevated loadings of As and partially Cd, and could be attributed to the agricultural practices. While PC4 including Pb and partially Hg, was dominated by coal combustion. The results of potential ecological risk suggested that sediment environment of Nansi Lake suffered from high ecological risk.