显微全息图成像质量的改善

显微全息术将光学全息术与显微技术相互结合,可以在较大的分辨景深范围内,得到生物样品的三维立体图像,尤其对活的标本及生存期短的生物样品,可采用脉冲激光器,将其原样复制存贮,然后在活体不存在的情况下,借助光学系统从容地对其整体进行观察和研究。一般的全息显微镜结构如图1所示,生物样品     

网络状表面结构纳米氧化锌的发光特性

为研究表面形貌对微纳结构氧化锌晶体光学特性的影响,利用气相传输法制备了一种具有特殊表面结构的纳米氧化锌颗粒状样品.应用X射线衍射谱、电子能量散射谱和扫描电镜等对样品结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明样品具有三种层次结构组成的网络状表面形貌|室温下以波长355 nm激光激发样品,观察到紫外峰明显被抑制的发光谱.基于样品表面周期性微结构,用时域有限差分法和严格耦合波分析法对样品发光谱特性及成因进行仿真研究.结果表明,发光谱中紫外峰的被削弱与材料能级结构无关,其形成机理缘于样品表面类蝴蝶翅膀表面微结构,类似于光子晶体表面结构颜色.     

网络状表面结构纳米氧化锌的发光特性

为研究表面形貌对微纳结构氧化锌晶体光学特性的影响,利用气相传输法制备了一种具有特殊表面结构的纳米氧化锌颗粒状样品.应用X射线衍射谱、电子能量散射谱和扫描电镜等对样品结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明样品具有三种层次结构组成的网络状表面形貌；室温下以波长355 nm激光激发样品,观察到紫外峰明显被抑制的发光谱.基于样品表面周...     

激光扫描成像的纳米分辨技术

阐述一种新型激光近场扫成像系统──光子扫描隧道显微镜的实验成像显示技术。利用本系统对多种光学表面、聚合物、生物病毒等透光样品进行三维显微成像分析，获得了样品表面结构的纳米级空间化辨。     

氮离子注入对聚四氟乙烯表面电荷积聚和消散特性的影响北大核心CSCD

为了抑制聚四氟乙烯材料表面电荷积聚,采用射频产生氮等离子体对其表面进行等离子体浸没离子注入以改善其表面性能。对注入前后的聚四氟乙烯材料样品进行了X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱测试(FTIR)、水接触角测量、表面电阻率测量以及表面电位衰减测量,并基于等温表面电位衰减理论对其表面陷阱能级和密度分布进行了计算,以分析聚四氟乙烯样品经离子注入处理后其表面成分和物理性能的变化,并研究了这些变化对聚四氟乙烯样品表面电荷积聚和消散特性的影响。结果表明:氮离子注入后,聚四氟乙烯材料表面化学成分的主要变化是自身分子结构的破坏和转化,部分CF2结构转变为CF和CF3结构,导致样品表面陷阱能级变浅;水接触角升至140°左右,比未处理样品上升了约27°,表面电阻率降至3×10^15Ω,比未处理样品下降了两个数量级;表面电晕放电1 min后,经氮离子注入处理的聚四氟乙烯材料表面积聚电荷量减少,消散速度加快,这是因为表面陷阱能级变浅有利于表面电荷脱陷,同时表面电阻率降低也促进了表面电荷沿面传导的消散过程,聚四氟乙烯样品表面陷阱能级分布曲线也证实了这一论点。     

基于扫描聚焦XPS技术的InGaAs表面清洁研究

为了获得清洁度更高的InGaAs材料表面,利用氢氟酸溶液、盐酸与水的混合溶液、盐酸与异丙醇的混合溶液,研究了化学清洗方法对材料表面碳污染物和氧化物的去除效果,并在此基础上提出了一种与紫外臭氧清洗相结合的方法。利用扫描聚焦X射线光电子能谱技术,对不同方法清洗后的InGaAs样品表面进行分析,基于样品表面产生的二次电子图像,对表面进行了微区特征分析,精准检测了表面化学成分和表面被腐蚀程度。分析发现,基于氢氟酸溶液的刻蚀会严重腐蚀样品表面,破坏表面结构和成分,而结合了紫外臭氧清洗的基于盐酸和异丙醇混合溶液的刻蚀对样品表面具有更好的清洁效果,能够更好地去除表面的碳污染物和氧化物。     

刻槽绝缘子真空表面闪络光学特性

利用超高速相机Hsfc-Pro对绝缘子真空表面闪络光学特性进行了研究,重点分析了平板和刻槽结构圆盘形介质样品在指状电极下闪络通道的差异以及刻槽结构对材料绝缘强度的提升。实验结果表明:槽纹的引入改变了闪络通道的形成位置,平板结构介质样品的表面闪络一般是沿两电极中心连线发展,而刻槽结构介质样品的表面闪络则是沿介质边缘发展。这导致后者的闪络时延至少是前者的/2倍,证明了刻槽结构可以在不增加器件尺寸的前提下有效提高介质材料的绝缘强度。     

有限振幅法研究损耗媒质的非线性声参量

用有限振幅插入取代法研究非线性声参量B/A,对于耗散媒介应计及样品的声衰减,本文在考虑了样品的声衰减和换能器的衍射对测量的影响后推导了非线性参量的修正公式。利用此公式研究了生物样品包括生物流体和动物软组织的B/A值及其与浓度和样品结构的依赖关系。     

光子扫描隧道显微镜光场模拟与分析

采用“分割光束”的方法模拟计算了光子扫描隧道显微镜样品表面近场光强。用平面波对一维结构光盘进行的初步计算结果表明其表面近场光强分布相当复杂，一般情况下近场光强分布并不能真实地描述表面结构，近场光强受到表面结构很强的调制，当针尖与样品间距增大时，光强分布上会迭加上一些微小的波动。光强分布和样品表面结构之间会产生位移，这可能影响利用扫描近场光学显微进行纳加工和定位，将数值计算结果与他人的实验结果进行了     

稀土Nd,Ce掺杂硅基薄膜光致发光特性

测量了Nd,Ce稀土离了注入Si基晶片，在不同离子注入剂量、不同退火条件下的室温光致发光（PL）谱，结果表明它们均具有蓝、紫发光峰，且发光稳定。在一定范围内发光效率随掺杂浓度的增加而增大，随退火条件的不同而改变。运用原子力显微镜（AFM）对样品的表面形貌进行了观察，结果显示，样品表面颗粒大小、粗糙度将影响其发光效率。表面颗粒大小均匀，均方根粗糙度小的样品发光效率较高。通过对样品的卢瑟福背散射（RBS）能谱测量，对样品的表面结构进行了探讨，并讨论了表面结构与光致发光特性之间的联系。对样品的发光机理作了初步探讨。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.